1, Hu case
In the 13th year of Hongwu (1380), the prime minister Hu Jiuzu was punished for "rebellion" and several people, such as vestbo and Zhong Cheng Tu Jie, were killed.
In the twenty-third year of Hongwu (1390), Zhu Yuanzhang promulgated the Record of Exposing Traitors in order to conspire with Hu and execute Li Shanchang, Lu Zhongheng, son of the late Teng Guogong, Guggenheim and other founding heroes.
Later, he used the Hutong Wo and (Beiyuan) to investigate his henchmen, and * * * killed more than 30,000 people before and after, which was called "Hu Prison" in history.
2. Empty printing box
The air seal case occurred in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, which was caused by the blank seal of official documents. At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, paid great attention to this case and executed hundreds of relevant officials.
3. Guo Huan case
Guo Huan, one of the four important cases in the early Ming Dynasty, happened in the 18th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1385), which was an official corruption case. Guo Huan, assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, and others colluded with provincial officials to defraud and steal official grain.
Later, it was exposed. Because of the huge amount involved, it has a far-reaching impact on the economic field and attracted worldwide attention. In this regard, Ming Taizu executed about six assistant ministers or less.
In order to recover and implicate landlords all over the country, countless people were robbed of their property and ruined. The landlords were disgusted with this, and Zhu Yuanzhang executed Wu Yong and others to calm their grievances.
"Criminal Law II of Ming Dynasty" records Guo Huan's case: "Since six assistant ministers died, seven million yuan was stolen, and the word even reached provincial officials, and tens of thousands of people died".
4. Aquamarine case
In the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu (1393), Zhu Yuanzhang was involved in a major political case of killing heroes in order to strengthen centralization. 15,000 people were killed by the company because of the sapphire case.
Extended data:
The number of implicated killings in the India Airlines case and the Guo Huan case may be based on the criminal record of the Ming Dynasty. The Chronicle of Criminal Law mentioned that the Guo Huan case "involved thousands of dead people" and that "the punishment in the Second Prison (the air-printed case and the Guo Huan case) was too excessive".
There are also two prisons, Hu, and Aquamarine, which implicate the deceased 40,000. " 40,000 people were killed in three cases, including the India Airlines case and the Guo Huan case, so it is generally believed that 70,000 to 80,000 people should be killed.
However, Fang Xiaoru mentioned in Ye Chuan that when the empty seal case happened, "all the major seal collectors and famous officials were arrested in the imperial prison. There are hundreds of prisoners. Brother Shili was also imprisoned in Henan time and space. "
Shi Lige is Zheng Shiyuan, who used to be a tongzhi in Huaiqing Prefecture of Henan Province, and now he is the supervisor of Huguang. Zheng Shiyuan may be one of the "more than 20 generations of provincial and ministerial officials".
Zheng Shili wanted to go to college at the beginning of his crime, but in order to avoid being suspected of saving his brother, he waited until Zheng Shiyuan was released from prison to dare to go to college, just to defend the death row inmates who stayed in prison. At the end of Ye Zhengchuan, it is mentioned that Zheng Shili failed, but Zhu Yuanzhang still "killed the empty seal".
Zheng Shiyuan was an official in Huguang, but he was imprisoned for working in Henan, indicating that Zhu Yuanzhang arrested the official according to the signature on the air-printed document. Therefore, the number of people arrested is actually only a few hundred.
At the end of the full text, there is no mention of making arrests after these hundreds of people. Some of these hundreds were not executed, but exiled. So the number of victims will not exceed hundreds. Tens of thousands of people are generally referred to, probably inferred from several other major cases.
At the beginning of the Ming dynasty, there were not many officials in the class, only a few of them handled blank seal documents. If calculated by tens of thousands of people, the number of officials should be seriously insufficient, causing difficulties in government operation and local management, which is unlikely to be Zhu Yuanzhang's wish.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Four Major Cases of Hongwu
Baidu Encyclopedia-Guo Huan Case
Baidu encyclopedia-aquamarine case
Baidu Encyclopedia-Air Printing Case
Baidu encyclopedia-Hu case