Question 2: What tool is logic to demonstrate ideas? The so-called art can be summarized as a social cognitive form created for human beings and aimed at beauty. Specifically, it is the expression and product of high skills of human labor. Art can be divided into broad sense and broad sense, and the so-called broad sense art refers to art including literature; Art in a broad sense refers to other art forms besides literature. By art, we mean art research in a broad sense. Specifically, art is a science that takes music, art, dance and other artistic ways and their laws as the research object, and belongs to the category of social science.
The essence of art is an important research content of art since its birth. The essence of art refers to the law of * * * in various artistic ways. In the history of art, there are three representative views on the essence of art: objective spiritualism, objective spiritualism and representative theory. Ancient art thought that artistic achievements should be examined from the perspective of human consumption theory. Art is a special spiritual product to meet the spiritual needs of human beings, and its achievements are valuable wealth of human theoretical activities. Art studies discuss art activities as an incomplete process, thinking that all links of art activities are interrelated and the whole is extremely fragmented.
Another important research content of art is the characteristics of art, which is the internal expression of artistic essence. The research results of art show that art has the characteristics of subjectivity, aesthetics and generality. The so-called subjectivity of art means that art, as the spiritual product of human theoretical activities, is not a simple imitation or reproduction of objective things, but contains the thoughts and interests of the subject of artistic creation and appreciation. The subjectivity of art runs through the whole process of art consumption's activities, including artistic creation and artistic appreciation. The aesthetics of art refers to the beautiful quality that art must possess, which is the key to distinguish artistic works from non-artistic works. The aesthetics of art embodies the aesthetic understanding of human beings and is the external expression of the inherent excellent quality of art through the subjectivity of art. The generality of art is mainly compared with the generality of social sciences such as philosophy. This means that art is a concrete and vivid reflection of human social life. The reason why art is general is that it is the expression of people's thoughts and emotions, which shows the * * * nature of human activities and the personality of art creators.
Art also takes the origin of art as its important research content. Archaeological studies of art history have found that the emergence of human artistic activities can be traced back to the Ice Age thousands of years ago. Therefore, the achievement of the origin of art is full of mystery, attracting more and more art researchers to discuss this achievement. Regarding the origin of art, some people think that art comes from imitation, some people think that art comes from games, some people think that art comes from witchcraft, some people think that art comes from expression, and so on. Ancient art theory holds that the emergence of art is ultimately the result of human theoretical activities. The most fundamental reason for the emergence of art lies in human material consumption activities, that is, labor plays a key role.
The study of art function by art is an important content of art theory. It is generally believed that art has three functions: cognitive function, educational function and entertainment function.
Second, logic.
Logical branch
Logical division
History of logical thought
General logic
Applied logic: legal logic, educational logic, game logic, speech logic, safety logic, life logic and digital logic.
What is logic?
Logic is a science that studies human thoughts, and its research objects include thinking modes, thinking methods and thinking laws. The so-called way of thinking includes concept, judgment, reasoning, hypothesis and demonstration. Thinking method, that is, logical method, refers to the output of people's thinking mode and the way people use rational knowledge for reasoning, argumentation and other thinking activities; The law of thinking is a basic logical law related to people's way of thinking, which is closely related to thinking methods.
Logic is an independent tool science about human thought which is different from philosophy. Thought is the same scene of human beings. Therefore, logic is a universal scientific theory with humanity. Anyone who carries out ideological activities will use these thinking modes and methods of logic research and must abide by the logical laws of thinking. However, logic also has its particularity beyond universality, that is, it must be guided by a certain philosophical world outlook. The construction of any logical theoretical system must be based on a certain philosophical world outlook.
Logic is the study of how to use concepts, judgments, etc. To reason and demonstrate, it gives people correct ideas, concept expression, etc ...
Question 3: What are the differences and connections between reasoning and argumentation in logic?
Inference is a thinking process that deduces unknown conclusions from one or several known judgments.
Argumentation is a way for the author to prove an argument with arguments.
There are similarities between them: the process of argument is one or more reasoning processes.
The difference between the two is that:
1, the inference result is unknown before the inference is completed; The argument of the argument has been formed before the argument begins, even if the judgment to be proved is demonstrated, this judgment exists before the argument process.
2. The factors involved in the reasoning process include the cause of the result and the conditions of the result; The arguments involved in the process of argumentation (that is, the results of one or more inferences) are the conditions of argumentation.
Question 4: What is the triple function of logical argument? Prove, refute, convince. You should choose d in the erya exam.
Question 5: What are the logical thinking methods? They are not only the methods of content arrangement and logical argumentation in paper writing, but also the methods of scientific research.
1. Methods of induction and deduction.
Induction is a way of thinking from individual to general, that is, to draw a general conclusion from several individual cases, or to prove an argument or topic with several individual judgments. In order to find the general essence or law of things from factual materials, induction should be used. It is a logical method that we often use when writing papers. For example, when we sum up the experience and lessons of China's economic construction, we can see that in the middle and early 1950s, we paid attention to doing things according to economic laws and the economy developed steadily. In the early 1960 s, attention was paid to doing things according to economic laws, and the economy recovered and developed rapidly; Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, we have adopted a series of policies and measures in line with the actual situation, and the economy has begun to resume healthy development. It can be concluded that China's economy can only develop if we act according to economic laws.
Contrary to induction, deduction is a way of thinking from general to individual, that is, using known general principles as arguments to prove an individual argument. For example, we use this method to guide the investigation and study with theory, and even use a sentence from a classic writer to demonstrate a point of view.
2. Analytical and comprehensive methods.
Analysis is a way of thinking that decomposes things into various attributes, parts and aspects, and studies and expresses them respectively. Synthesis is a way of thinking that combines the attributes, parts and aspects of decomposition to study and express. In the process of graduation thesis writing, analytical and comprehensive methods are often used to study and express arguments and arguments. For example, Comrade * * *'s analysis of China's social class. Ask questions from the beginning. The first problem of revolution is to distinguish the enemy, oneself and friends. In the middle, analyze each stratum that constitutes the whole society of China one by one; Finally, we should combine the above points to solve the problem and answer the questions raised at the beginning about the friend or foe and China's revolutionary friends.
3. Methods from concrete to abstract and from abstract to concrete.
From concrete to abstract, it is a way of thinking to form abstract concepts and categories from the concrete appearances of social and economic phenomena through analysis and research. From abstract to concrete, it is a way of thinking that reproduces the overall social and economic relations theoretically and concretely according to the order from abstract category to concrete category. In the process of writing graduation thesis, generally speaking, we should also use the methods from concrete to abstract and from abstract to concrete, that is, on the basis of possessing information, we can find out the arguments through analysis and research, roughly form the system of the thesis in our minds, and then write the thesis part by part in the order from abstract to concrete. Of course, some papers do not necessarily adopt this method.
4. The method of integrating logic and history.
Logical method is a method from abstraction to concreteness. The so-called historical method is a method expressed according to the historical process of the development of things. The development process of logic is the theoretical expression of the historical development process. However, it is rare for a paper to use logic and history as a whole, but this method is often used as a whole in economic monographs and textbooks.
It should be pointed out that all the above logical methods are concrete manifestations of materialist dialectics in the process of thinking. In the process of writing graduation thesis, it is often necessary to use it comprehensively. The logic of graduation thesis
I. Thesis and Logic
A graduation thesis, like other articles, should be the unity of content and form. Content refers to theme and material, while form refers to logical structure and language expression. The content of the paper certainly plays a decisive role, but the form of the paper is not passive, in fact, it plays an important role. We know that if people want to think, they must use concepts, judgments, reasoning and other forms of thinking. These thinking forms are not only the means used by human beings to reflect objective reality, but also the basic materials for constructing papers. Only by mastering these thinking forms and their related logical requirements can we write a graduation thesis with logical color. Therefore, in the process of graduation thesis writing, we should abide by the basic laws of logic and consciously put these basic laws into all aspects of writing and the whole thesis. Specifically, we should pay attention to the following issues:
First, the content of the paper conforms to the objective reality and can be convincing.
Second, the concept is clear, the judgment is appropriate and the reasoning is coherent.
Third, the content of the paper is closely related, and the whole paper forms a unified whole.
From > & gt
Question 6: What is the logic of argument? Wang became the general manager of the company with his wife's nepotism. One day, he and his wife went to visit a construction site. Suddenly, a worker wearing a helmet greeted him and jokingly said to his wife, "Mrs. General Manager, do you still remember me?" We used to date a lot! "
After returning home, Wang teased his wife and said, "Marrying me was a blessing in your last life! Otherwise, you are already the wife of a construction worker, not the wife of the general manager. "
The wife replied: "Husband! Don't flatter yourself. If I hadn't married you, he would have become the general manager of this company. "