1, Comparison of singing and breathing skills
Han folk singing believes that "qi is the foundation of sound", "anger is handsome, anger is wandering, weakness is thin, turbidity is stagnant, and dispersion is exhausted". "From the navel to the throat is the word, that is, the sound of falling resistance, that is, the technique, which can produce the wonderful effect of stopping the clouds from ringing the valley." "downright, loose, heavy." Pay attention to "umbilical center", "stomach extension" and "abdomen contraction" to make the breath shallow and thin, the voice thin and narrow, bright and realistic. National singing is developed on the basis of singing, which originates from poetry, and poetry pays attention to the combination of qi and words, qi and emotion. Although the breathing mode of singing is deeper than speaking, the emphasis on enunciation and articulation limits the absolute sinking of breath, which leads to the emergence of vocal exhalation control technology for abdominal contraction. The long tone technique shown in singing makes the voice mellow, the aria full, the articulation clear, the voice stretch freely and the aria smooth and mellow. Singing all by one breath, the words continue to break, and the words continue to die.
Regarding the breathing technique of Bel Canto, many people think that it is due to the scientific theory and application technology of singing breathing. Bel canto pays attention to singing skills and emphasizes the combination of gas and sound. Legato singing is the basis of singing, and smooth, coherent and smooth breathing is its basic requirement. Because of the emphasis on * * * singing, the application technology of singing breath and mixed voice * * * singing is integrated, and the whole singing method is stimulated by whole breathing. In addition, Bel Canto pays attention to the starting technique, which is determined by the cooperative relationship between exhalation and vocal cord closure. Hard awakening, soft awakening and relaxing qi are its basic starting techniques. Soft wake-up has the widest application, the least sound burden and soft sound.
2. Comparison of vocal skills in singing.
There are three types of traditional folk singing of Han nationality in China: true voice singing; Falsetto singing; A singing method that combines falsetto in high-pitched area with true voice in low-pitched area.
The vocal skills of true voice exist in traditional operas, rap and folk songs in China. For example, in Peking Opera and Huai Opera, Laosheng, Wusheng, Beijing Suburb, Lao Dan, etc. In Kunqu Opera, Yue Opera and other dramas, women play male roles. True voice has the characteristics of loud volume, rough voice, bold and vigorous. It is an effective vocal technique with special artistic effect. Excessive pursuit and use of real voice will limit the expansion of range, the exertion of singing ability and the musical expression of voice, especially the difficulty of singing high notes.
The falsetto is loud, passionate, penetrating and flexible. The pure falsetto is artificial, thin and sharp, with weak middle and bass areas and heavy workload of vocal cords, which is not conducive to the performance of voice singing ability. Hua Dan, Tsing Yi, Xiao Sheng and Xiao Dan in some operas, Dandan in Peking Opera, and some folk singers sing in falsetto.
The phonation technology combining falsetto in high-pitched area and falsetto in low-pitched area makes up for the defect of using only true or falsetto, integrates their advantages and advantages, broadens the range and enhances artistic expression. However, there are essential differences between the combination of true and false sounds of Chinese style and bel canto. Bel canto pays attention to the mixed use of true and false voices, and the transition between true and false voices uses voice change technology, and no trace of transformation can be heard. However, folk singing often deliberately highlights the difference between the two, thus enhancing the conflict between the two voice functions and forming a sharp tone contrast.
In addition to the above three basic vocal skills, there are throat singing, white singing and oral singing.
Bel canto pays attention to the scientific nature of vocalization, the unity and naturalness of vocalization technology, and the unified scheduling and coordination of true voice, mixed voice and falsetto voice. The vocal state of chest sound is full-string vibration of vocal cords, mixed sound is half-width vibration of vocal cords, falsetto is edge vibration of vocal cords, and whistle in high-pitched area is shortened glottis crack, showing small round hole vibration. In addition, there is a "semi-voice" vocalization technology, that is, the semi-true voice and semi-falsetto vocalization method, which brings the voice charm of human voice to the extreme. Although the basic vocal methods tend to be consistent in the basic singing methods of different parts, there are also differences in some special vocal skills. For example, the vocal skills of male singing; The "semitone" singing skills of laryngeal voice; Soprano's complicated coloratura skills; Bass chest sound production technology and so on.
From the perspective of singing voice, the most important difference between the two singing methods is the application technology and method of throat function voice mechanism. National folk singing absolutes the vibration state of vocal cords and uses it as a special timbre. Bel canto is to combine all kinds of vibration States of vocal cords into the whole singing.
3. Comparison of singing skills
The * * * singing method of national folk singing: emphasizing the * * * singing method of the head cavity. "Terrible, loose, and empty" and the first-voiced sound refer to the first-voiced sound. Pay attention to oral humming. Because of the extremely high requirements for articulation, oral * * * sounds account for the largest proportion in the application of * * * sounds in all parts. Weakening the chest * * * singing method, the national folk singing method pays insufficient attention to the chest * * * singing method. Even the folk songs such as Hualien, Lao Dan, Jingyun Drum and "Big Ben Song" take care of the chest singing to a certain extent, but on the whole, they pay more attention to oral singing. The oral cavity opening technique of true voice singing expands the composition of the oral cavity, while the vocal cavity singing is rarely used in the singing method with falsetto singing as the main method and mixed use of true and false voices. Pay attention to the local singing.
Bel canto emphasizes the whole singing method. It is advocated to adjust the space of * * * sound in an open way, and the * * * sound is mainly in the oropharyngeal cavity, which should be regarded as an amplifier of * * * sound. The * * * sound in the pharyngeal cavity can be obtained by lifting the soft palate, moving down the laryngeal apparatus, lifting the epiglottis and erecting the pharyngeal muscle. High placement is the core technology of Bel Canto. The high position of the whole range makes every sound in the whole range get a bright tone with masking color and luster, and the range is unified. The darkening of vowels makes the singing position of * * * relatively backward. Some people call Bel Canto a "backward school" and emphasize that nasal passages and nasopharyngeal cavities are "the second function of vocalization-singing cavities placed in high places." When the position is high, the sound is focused, which strengthens the vibration of voice sound waves and enhances the far-reaching effect and penetration of sound. Bel canto takes the chest cavity as the fulcrum and foundation of the sound, and it runs through the whole range. The combination of chest and abdomen breathing establishes an "air column" in the body, which leads to the application of mixed singing. Superb breathing technique makes people's voice win the best singing effect on the basis of minimum physical consumption.