Chestnut soil is the most widely distributed and largest soil type in the vast grassland area in the central and eastern Inner Mongolia Plateau. Temperate semi-arid continental climate. The average annual temperature is -2 ~ 6℃ and the annual precipitation is 250 ~ 350 mm. The grassland is a typical arid grassland, and its growth is not as dense as that in chernozem area. Humus accumulation is weaker than chernozem, but it is also quite rich and thick, and the soil color is chestnut. The soil layer is weakly alkaline and alkalized in some areas. The soil quality is mainly fine sand and silty sand, and the desertification phenomenon in this area is more serious.

Brown calcareous soil is the driest calcareous soil in the central and western Inner Mongolia Plateau, Ordos Plateau, northern Junggar Basin in Xinjiang and the outer edge of Tarim Basin, and it transits to desert. The climate is drier and more continental than chestnut soil area. The annual average temperature is 2 ~ 7℃ and the annual precipitation is150 ~ 250 mm. Without irrigation, crops cannot be planted. Vegetation is desert grassland and grassland desert. In calcareous soil, the accumulation of humus and the thickness of humus layer are the least, the soil color is mainly brown, the soil is alkaline, the ground is generally full of gravel and sand, and it gradually transitions to desert soil.