Annotation refers to the explanation of some professional words in the paper. Generally, it can be found in two ways, one is through professional reference books (professional dictionaries). Another simplest method is to enter professional words in search engines (Baidu, Google, Yahoo, etc.). ) go find it.

Many authors don't understand the difference between references and annotations, and quite a few people put references as annotations under the current page, which is not standardized.

The Data Standard for Retrieval and Evaluation of Academic Journals in China (CD-ROM Edition) clearly stipulates: "References are the reference books that authors refer to when writing papers and works", which are generally listed at the end of the article; Annotation is a further explanation or supplementary explanation of a specific content in the text of a work, which is usually printed at the end of the page.

The serial numbers of references are marked with square brackets, and the notes are marked with numbers and circles (for example, ① ② ...) ".It can be seen that there are significant differences between references and notes, and authors should strictly distinguish and mark them when writing works.

The connotation of "reference" and "annotation";

(A) on the "reference"

In the process of writing academic papers, we must mention other people's research results, because according to the law of scientific research, any research is carried out on the basis of previous research. This process of referring to other people's scientific research results is to refer or quote.

The interpretation of Ci Hai (version 1999) is: "Reference: refer to other things he said; Participation "; "Literature: originally refers to classics and sages. The latter refers to books and cultural relics with historical value. It also refers to important books and materials related to a certain subject.

Today, it is the collective name of all carriers that record knowledge, that is, various carriers (such as paper, film, tape, CD-ROM, etc. ) record human knowledge in the form of words, images, symbols, audio and video. "As for' references', there is no special entry.

(2) About "Notes":

Cihai (1999 edition): "Annotation: also known as annotation, refers to the interpretation of words and quotations in books and articles." Annotation, as an attachment of books and papers, first appeared in Han Dynasty. It used to have the names of biography, annotation, reason, training, annotation, sparseness, chapter and sentence, and was later called annotation, as opposed to Bai Wen.

At that time, the so-called "Bai Wen" refers to the pure text in pre-Qin works without annotation, sound training and reconciliation.