A few days ago, when I was reading a book, I found that one page of a teaching aid book was written "Stepmother Wu Ding" and the next page was written "Four Eyes Wu Ding". Remembering that another teaching aid book before was also Stepmother Wu Ding, I thought it was not published correctly, so I took photos and made a conversation. Soon, some students pointed out that Si Muwu Ding is also called stepmother Wu Ding. I looked it up on the Internet and found that it was renamed "stepmother Wu Ding" on 20 1 1.

The reason for the name change is explained as "the writing of the Shang Dynasty is relatively free, and it can be right or wrong." Coincidentally, my mobile phone is set to traditional Chinese characters, so what I saw was "Hou". At present, I think the simplified characters "Si" and "Hou" can be interpreted positively and negatively, but as far as I know, the simplified characters were simplified and put into use after the founding of New China, and this tripod is a cultural relic of Shang Dynasty. In my opinion, this explanation is too far-fetched

But what I thought at that time was only the difference between complexity and simplicity. Considering the evolution of Chinese characters, I unexpectedly acquiesced that the ancients used complexity and simplicity. It took me a long time to remember to compare Oracle Bone Inscriptions. I looked up the spelling of "Si" and "Hou" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, as shown below.

(In fact, in the fourth writing method, we can see the embryonic form of its evolution to traditional Chinese characters. The two words circled in red are the positive and negative changes of "si" and "hou" explained by some scholars. )

It is understood that this tripod was originally named after the word "Simuwu", so experts and scholars represented by Guo Moruo decided to name it "Simuwu tripod", in which "Si" means sacrifice.

1962, Jin Xiangheng, a scholar from Taiwan Province Province, first raised an objection. He interpreted the word "Si" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions as "Hou" in Interpretation of the Text. He said: "Shuo Wen":' The teacher, the foreign servant, is also from the back. "From the back, it's actually a word ... because Oracle Bone Inscriptions seeks symmetry, he often turns the book over, but it's actually a word. Symmetrical, so the minister's explanation is that the minister is in charge of the outside world, and the latter is also a monarch, which means one and two. Xu Shi doesn't know the real ancient prose, and he doesn't know that it is a word. He is divided into two parts, but it is easy to explain. "

After the article "Interpretation of the Text" appeared, the dispute between "Si" and "Hou" surfaced. 20 1 1 At the end of March, after the opening of the bronze hall on the third floor of the new China National Museum, the national treasure bronze martial art was officially renamed as "stepmother martial art", but the dispute between "heir" and "empress" did not end.

After discovering this problem, I discussed it with some friends. However, except for my boyfriend, who listened to me carefully and watched me study with interest, and then overturned his previous conclusion, almost no one was interested in this matter (I know he was not interested either, just pretending to cooperate with me).

Everyone is busy taking exams for civil servants, institutions, teachers and banks. Under pragmatism, such a question seems so inappropriate. But I still spent a lot of time reading various scholars' papers and consulting Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jin Wen, just to answer my own questions.

Judging from the font, the writing method of the word "Si" in Shang Dynasty is as follows: (Note, both screenshots are from the calligraphy dictionary network, which sorts out various fonts and different writing methods of various calligraphers in different periods. That's how I first looked up the words "department" and "post". )

As can be seen from the figure, in this website, the positive and negative changes of the so-called "division" and "post" are interpreted as "division". (Of course, you need to consider the authority and accuracy of the website, but it also has certain reference. )

The word "Hou" is written like this:

From the screenshot of the latter word, it can be found that the first three writing methods are very different from the evolution of the latter word to tradition, as shown in the following figure.

Regarding the shape of words, Mr. Wang Guowei explained it as "Yu" and said: "The shape of words is like falling behind people, so it has existed since ancient times. The same is true of the words' Gai Yu',' Hou' and' Hou'. " In other words, the word "Yu" in Shang Dynasty replaced the word "Hou".

At this point, in addition to the dispute over the word "teacher" and "post", "Yu" also joined in the fun. I'm confused anyway. Who are the three of them? They had a great time playing face-changing games, which made later scholars and experts feel sad. Otherwise, let's look at it from another direction and explain it from the meaning of words.

Judging from the meaning of the word, the meaning of the word "Si" is as follows:

(1) with "sacrifice", annual sacrifice, nouns.

② Use "sacrifice", sacrifice and verbs.

③ The meaning of "management", such as Sikong, Sima and Situ.

(4) with "heir", crown prince, heir to the throne.

The name of "Mu Si Wu Ding" generally takes its meaning of offering sacrifices, that is, offering sacrifices to Wu Mu.

The meaning of the word "Hou" is as follows:

(1) the queen, is DiFei.

(2) monarch, king

③ Governor

(4) great and respected, synonymous with the word "heaven after the earth"

Renamed as "stepmother Wu Ding", one way of saying "Hou" is appellation, which refers to her identity and status; Another way of saying this is to dedicate this tripod to my beloved mother.

It is still hard to know what people really mean. Maybe we're all wrong.

That's enough for boring people. I'm not a professional who studies Chinese characters and history. Take a look. Different people have different opinions. Of course, if you have any questions, please point them out for discussion. Maybe it will spark a new spark. )

In my humble opinion, renaming is only the second, and the problems reflected in it deserve our consideration and attention. The seriousness and rigor of academic research; Respect historical facts and cultural relics; Diversity and inclusiveness of academic thoughts. It is a problem that historians, managers and we should really think about and face. (a serious ending (? v `))

References:

Ge (Professor, Peking University Institute of Archaeology and Culture): In the Shang Dynasty, there was a great dispute between "division" and "post". Yindu Academic Journal.2012.

Chang (Research Fellow, Institute of History, China Academy of Social Sciences): Is it "four mothers are uncertain" or "stepmother is uncertain"-"four" and "Yu" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Cultural studies in the central plains. 20 13.

Cao Dingyun (Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences): "Simu Wuding" cannot be renamed as "stepmother Wuding". China Social Sciences Journal.2012.