Features (1):

The first industrial revolution:

(1) Many technological inventions come from the practical experience of craftsmen.

② Science and technology are not really combined.

The second industrial revolution:

(1) The new development of natural science began to be closely integrated with industrial production and promoted the development of productive forces.

The combination of science and technology has made great achievements, which shows that science is productivity.

Function (2)

The first industrial revolution:

It first happened in England.

② The development process of industrial revolution in other countries is relatively slow.

The second industrial revolution:

Happened almost simultaneously in several developed capitalist countries.

(2) The scale is wider and the development is faster.

Feature (3) For countries that have not completed the first industrial revolution, the two industrial revolutions are overlapping. Therefore, the economic development of these countries is relatively fast. Such as Japan and Russia.

Another contrast

First of all, compare the similarities and differences between the two industrial revolutions. The establishment of a new social system needs a new mode of production to adapt to and serve it. When this new mode of production adapts to the new social system, the new social system will be consolidated and developed, so as to deeply understand the dialectical relationship between productive forces and production relations.

Secondly, compare the similarities and differences between the two industrial revolutions. The industrial revolution is a great revolution in relations of production, which requires certain conditions such as capital, market, labor force and technology.

Capital: In terms of capital accumulation, major capitalist countries are consciously or unconsciously preparing for the industrial revolution, which is their similarity. The difference between the two is that the capital preparation for the second industrial revolution is based on the achievements or influences of the first industrial revolution.

Market and labor force: The capitalist world market was formed in 1950s and 1960s, and the market scope and labor force owned by colonial countries were greatly expanded compared with those before the first industrial revolution. Through the above analysis, students can easily draw a conclusion: it is precisely because production can not meet the needs of the expanding market that they require a new revolution in production, which is their similarity; The difference between the two industrial revolutions in terms of market and labor force is the difference in market scope and labor force.

Technology: The same point is the continuous innovation and progress of production technology, which is supported by the government. The difference is that the technology of the first industrial revolution comes from the summary of production practice and experience, while the technology of the second industrial revolution comes from the progress of natural science knowledge.

Third, compare the characteristics of the two industrial revolutions. Everything has its particularity different from other things. Compared with the first industrial revolution, the second industrial revolution has three new features. First of all, science and technology are more closely integrated. Secondly, it was carried out almost simultaneously in several major capitalist countries. Once again, go through it.

Fourth, the comparison of the influence of the two industrial revolutions. Lead students to review the influence of two industrial revolutions, and then teachers and students summarize their similarities as follows.

1. promotes the development of social productive forces and social progress. If the first industrial revolution started with cotton textile (light industry), marked by the improvement and use of steam engines, and marked by the establishment of capitalist factory system, it would only be the first leap to complete industrial progress. The second industrial revolution that followed began with the transformation of heavy industry, marked by the wide application of electricity, and ended with the great transformation of industrial structure. During the second industrial revolution, not only the traditional industrial sectors have undergone fundamental changes, but also a series of emerging industrial sectors such as electric power, chemicals, automobiles and petroleum have emerged. This is the second leap in the industrialization process. Therefore, in this sense, the second industrial revolution is the continuation and expansion of the first industrial revolution.

2. Cause changes in the economic structure. The first industrial revolution made Britain stand out from the agricultural society first, and with cheap textiles, Britain was called the "world factory". The second industrial revolution first began in the United States and Germany, but they jumped up and shocked the world with emerging industries such as steel, oil, electric power, chemical industry and aviation. The latecomers come from the top. After this transformation, the industries of the United States and Germany ranked first and second in the capitalist world before World War I, and were far ahead of Britain and France.

3. Cause changes in social structure. The first industrial revolution started the big machine industry and produced the industrial bourgeoisie and the proletariat. But the second industrial revolution was carried out in the big machine industry, which made capitalism transition from the stage of free competition to the stage of monopoly or imperialism.

4. Promoted the process of urbanization. The first industrial revolution interrupted the process of agricultural society, established the traditional factory system, absorbed a large number of rural population to transfer to cities, and thus began the process of urbanization. The second industrial revolution not only made new progress in the old industry, but also led to the emergence of new industrial sectors such as oil and electricity, which made the whole industry look brand-new, the departments were more complete, the division of labor was more detailed, and the urbanization speed was much faster than that of the first industrial revolution.

5. Cause changes in the international pattern. After the first industrial revolution, capitalist countries such as Britain, France and the United States stepped up their colonial expansion activities in order to find a broader commodity market and raw material producing areas, and finally established the pattern that the East was subordinate to the West. After the second industrial revolution, in order to meet the needs of the expanding commodity market and raw material producing areas and export "surplus" capital overseas, imperialism set off a frenzy of dividing up the world. At the beginning of the 20th century, the world capitalist colonial system was finally formed.