Teaching Design of "The Most Bitter and the Most Pleasant" (the second classroom) 1 I. Review and Introduction
Second, intensive reading
(1) discussion paragraph 1?
1, the author uses the question "What is the most bitter thing in life?" What was mentioned? Are they the most bitter
Instruction: poverty → contentment; Frustrated → behave yourself; Die of old age → have philosophy. The author thinks that it can be solved from the mentality and concept.
2. Then the author puts forward his own views. What is the most bitter thing in life? Please reply in the original text.
Clarity: As I said, the hardest thing in life is not to take on an unfinished responsibility.
3. Why is "carrying an unfinished responsibility" the most bitter?
Hug: find out the sentences discussed:
As long as you live in the world, you have something to do.
On the contrary, if you don't finish what you should do, it's like having a few thousand pounds on your shoulders.
From this, we can infer the most bitter reason: being blamed by conscience, there is nowhere to escape.
(2) Discuss the second paragraph?
1, a good argumentative essay, in order to increase credibility and persuasiveness, must be given timely and appropriate examples, please find out the relevant examples.
Example: personal responsibility to others (unfulfilled promises, money owed, benefits, offenses, etc. )
Extension: to the family, to the society, to the country, and even to myself.
2. Students discuss and find out the relevant sentences in the text.
Responsibility to people: I am responsible for those who belong to me and those who benefit from him.
Responsibility for things: I am responsible for what I should do and what my strength can do.
Responsibility to myself: No matter what I want to do, I have made an agreement with myself now and in the future, which adds a layer of responsibility to myself.
3. Find out the reason why "endless responsibilities are the most bitter".
Hugging: Key words-the supervision of "conscience" is always fatal, and this kind of "suffering" cannot be resolved or escaped.
Clearly: the relationship between 1 and 2 natural paragraphs is the relationship between the main theory and the auxiliary theory. Paragraph 1 puts forward the viewpoint, and paragraph 2 further points out the relevant situation and status.
(3) Discuss paragraph 3.
1, what is the happiest thing?
Clear: the responsibility is over, which is the first pleasure in life.
2. What old sayings and sayings did the author quote? Ask the students to find out and talk about what they mean.
The relevant sentence is:
Old saying-liberation
As the saying goes, a stone fell to the ground.
Confucius-only complacency
3. Find out the sentences and summarize this paragraph.
Related sentences:
The happiness that comes from the sufferings in the world is the real happiness.
Life must know the pain of responsibility in order to know the happiness of responsibility.
Summary: The right to happiness is in your own hands.
(4) Discuss paragraphs 4 and 5.
1. Find out the famous sayings quoted by the author and think about the meaning of these words.
Famous saying: Mencius-A gentleman has lifelong worries?
Ceng Zi—There is still a long way to go before you die.
After group discussion, the students concluded that "life should be brave and responsible".
2. Why is it that people with lofty ideals care about the country and people and sympathize with saints and buddhas, which is joy rather than pain?
Hugging: Find out from the text "If you do well, you will be very happy." "If you do your duty every day, you will be really happy every day."
Summary: The real joy in suffering is joy, not suffering.
3. What does the last paragraph say? Why do you say that? Find out the sentences in the text and explain them.
Clarity: It explains that "life should not escape responsibility".
Sentences in the text: don't unload the responsibility, don't unload it.
Responsibility is unavoidable, only the size is different.
If you want to avoid responsibility, you just throw yourself into the ocean of pain, and the pain will never be relieved.
The title of the article is "The most bitter and happiest person". After discussion, students answer, which sentences in the last paragraph echo "the most bitter" and "the happiest" respectively?
Hugging: no responsibility before liberation, no responsibility when liberation. -The most interesting.
Responsibility is unavoidable, only the size is different. -The hardest.
You make a great responsibility, you will be happy; Do a little responsibility, and you will get a little happiness. -The most interesting.
If you want to avoid responsibility, you just throw yourself into the ocean of pain, and the pain will never be relieved. -The hardest.
(V) The central argument of this paper: Failure to perform responsibilities is the greatest pain in life, and fulfilling responsibilities is the greatest happiness in life.
Third, expand and extend.
1, understand language features and exercise thinking ability;
Step 1: Analyze and discuss the language of this article in groups to see what different sentence patterns and argumentation methods are used in this article. What are the benefits?
Hugging: sentence patterns-declarative sentences, rhetorical questions, exclamatory sentences; Affirmative and negative sentences; Active sentences, passive sentences, etc.
Demonstration methods-quotation, example, reasoning, comparison and so on.
Guide the students to find specific sentences in the text.
Benefits: Although this article talks about serious topics, due to the changes in sentence patterns and argumentation methods, the language of the article is dignified and not rigid, and it has a smart spirit.
Step 2: Find out what rhetorical devices are used in this article and see how they help the language of this article.
Hugging: Rhetorical devices-parallelism, rhetorical questions, rhetorical questions, etc.
Guide the students to find specific sentences in the text.
Advantages: parallelism is everywhere in the article, which makes the article smooth, and questions and rhetorical questions are no longer repeated with the above questions.
accumulate
1. Please name the words, sayings and proverbs related to "bitterness and joy" in daily life.
For example: contentment is always a joy, there is sweetness in bitterness, there is joy in bitterness, and bitterness is sweet first; No pains, no gains; There is a road in the mountain of books, but there is no limit to learning the sea.
Teachers will publish the content and give relevant education.
2. Teachers prepare some famous sayings about responsibility, and ask the group to discuss their literal meanings (available materials), and give examples (historical figures, life cases or words can be quoted), and then communicate in groups.
Exodus: (1) Confucius: Never be complacent.
No matter where you are, you are not free.
For example: Yan Hui, who is extremely happy and sad, and Maitreya, who smiles forever. ...
(2) Mencius: A gentleman has lifelong worries.
Meaning: A gentleman has unfinished responsibilities all his life.
For example: Mencius-born in sorrow and died in happiness?
Sun Yat-sen-The revolution has not yet succeeded, and comrades still need to work hard. ...
(3) Ceng Zi: A long way to go.
The task is heavy and the road is long. Metaphor responsibility is great and arduous.
Example: Zhuge Liang-dedicated himself to death.
Parents give their children a lifetime of "selfless love" ...
Ceng Zi: I check my body three times a day. Is it cheating for others? Don't believe in making friends? Can you pass it on?
Meaning: I reflect on myself with the following three things every day. Is there anything you don't try to do for others? Do you keep your word when you associate with friends? Have you carefully reviewed the lessons taught by the teacher?
For example: Taoyuan three vows, a promise of a thousand dollars. ...
(5) Fan Zhongyan: Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later.
Meaning: worry before everyone in the world is worried; Only when everyone in the world feels happy will they feel happy.
For example, Dayu was in charge of water conservancy, and many patriots and people with lofty ideals. ...
3. Students discuss and express their views:
(1) Famous aphorisms
Madame Curie said: "The happiest thing in the world is to fight for the ideal."
Liang Qichao said: "When the responsibility is over, it is the first joy in life."
Juck Zhang wrote in an essay: "People are unhappy doing nothing." "Idle" can read; You Ming Sheng; make friends ...
Happiness is what we need and an indispensable element of a happy life.
Looking through the title page of your life, there must be many things that make you miserable or happy. Please combine your actual life experience and talk about your understanding of bitterness and pleasure.
(2) ramble about life:
Read the following materials and talk about your views on life.
1 what is it? What to do and what to like.
Do one thing, do one thing. Everything is diligent and everything is successful.
2) Have confidence in yourself and dedication to others.
Concentrate on things and be sincere to friends.
Care for your family and treat life sincerely.
3) Although you can't control the weather, you can change your mood.
You cannot change your appearance, but you can smile.
Although you can't escape from reality, you can face it bravely.
You can't have everything you want, but you can do your best.
Four. Concluding remarks
I remember reading such a sentence in Bi Shumin's article "Filial piety is priceless": "I don't like the story of poor children going to school. His family is very difficult. His father died and his brothers and sisters are starving. But after graduating from college, he still insists on studying as a graduate student, and his mother has to sell blood ... "Yes, I often hear children complain about their parents and people complain about society, but have they ever thought about their elders, this collective and this society? Students, have you thought about this question? After reading this article today, I think everyone should think about it: "Failure to perform responsibilities is the greatest pain in life, and fulfilling responsibilities is the greatest happiness in life", which is the central argument of this article and the biggest gain after we study this article.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) homework after class
Write a short composition on the following problem situations and experience the "most bitter" and "most happy" feelings.
1, complete the learning task of a subject
2. Complete a task entrusted by the elders.
3. Complete a work assigned by the class or the school.
Sixth, blackboard design
Conscience is hard to blame (1). Happiness lies in pain.
The most bitter: the scope and degree of unfinished responsibilities ② There is joy in suffering.
defend oneself
The happiest: the relationship between due diligence and bitterness (3) little responsibility and little fun.
Give an example of a saint. (4) Those who complain about others find pleasure in it.
Always say take responsibility and get happiness.
Teaching design of "the most bitter and the most enjoyable" (second class) 2 learning objectives:
1, master the vocabulary of this lesson and know the author.
2. Perceive the content of the article as a whole, clarify the author's point of view and clarify the context of the article. (key)
3. Understand the author's great wisdom and bitter optimism, and cultivate a sense of responsibility for others, society and oneself. (difficulty)
Teaching process:
first kind
First, the introduction of new courses.
Students, Bing Xin said, "Life is not always happy, nor is it always painful. Happiness and pain complement each other. " So, what's the hardest thing you've ever encountered in your life? What is the happiest thing that has ever happened to you? Today, let's study Mr. Liang Qichao's article "No pains come" and see what he thinks.
Second, show the learning objectives.
Third, report for self-study and show yourself.
1, approach the author
Liang Qichao, a brilliant word, is Ren Gong, the owner of the igloo, a modern bourgeois reformist and a scholar. 1898 participated in the "Reform Movement of 1898" and went into exile in Japan after the failure of the reform. In his later years, he served as the tutor of Ren Qinghua School Research Institute. The writing is fluent, sharp and concise. He is the author of Drinking Room Collection.
2. Correct pronunciation of the following keywords:
If you release a heavy burden (Q), show sympathy for others (mǐn).
3. Understand the meaning of words.
Philosophical: open to unpleasant things.
Relieved: I seem to have put down a heavy burden. Describe the relaxed and happy mood after being nervous. Let go, put it down.
Compassion: lament the hardships of the times and sympathize with the sufferings of the people. It is often used to express grief and injustice over social chaos, corruption and people's suffering. Pity, pity, sympathy.
4. About argumentative writing
(1) Three elements of argumentative writing:
Argument: An article has only one central argument and can have sub-arguments. The argument should be clear, accurate and general.
Argument: There are two kinds of materials used to prove arguments: factual arguments and theoretical arguments.
Argument: ask the question (what is it) → analyze the question (why) → solve the problem (how to do it).
(2) Common argument structure:
A. Total score structure B. Control structure
C. Progressive structure D. Parallel structure
(3) Common argumentation methods: example argumentation, truth argumentation, metaphor argumentation, quotation argumentation and comparative argumentation.
Fourth, feel the author's point of view.
Please read the text silently, feel the content of the article as a whole, and think about the following questions:
1. What does the author think is the greatest pain in life?
Hugging: I said that the hardest thing in life is not to take on a future responsibility.
2. What does the author think is the greatest happiness in life?
Hugging: The natural responsibility is over, which is the first pleasure in life.
3. Explain the author's ideas according to the content of the article.
Hugging: The first part (paragraph 1-3) discusses that "unfinished responsibilities are the greatest pain in life".
The second part (the fourth and fifth paragraphs) discusses that "doing your duty is the greatest happiness in life".
The third part (paragraph 6) discusses that "one should be brave enough to take responsibility in life, not to avoid it".
Summary: The full text is written according to the general structure, which can make us feel the author's rigorous argumentation thinking.
4. What is the author's opinion?
Description: Failure to fulfill one's responsibilities is the greatest pain in life, and fulfilling one's responsibilities is the greatest happiness in life.
Fifth, discuss after-school problems.
1, what's the role of the third paragraph from the specific life situation?
Hugging: This is a method to demonstrate with examples. Starting from the specific life situation, it not only increases the credibility and persuasiveness of the discussion, but also stimulates readers' interest in reading.
2. Find out the famous sayings quoted by the author in the fifth paragraph and think about what it means to quote these words in the context.
Admonition: Mencius-"A gentleman has lifelong worries."
Ceng Zi-"It's a long road, but it's a long road."
Quoting these words should show that only by doing your duty can you get real happiness in pain.
3. What is the difference between "removing" responsibility and "discharging" responsibility mentioned at the end of the article?
Hugging: to relieve responsibility is to do your duty, complete the task and relax. Shirking responsibility means shirking responsibility,
In fact, the responsibility is still on yourself.
Sixth, taste and experience the language style.
1. What is the most bitter thing in life? Poor? Not depressed? No. Old? Dead? Neither. I said that the most bitter thing in life is to shoulder a future responsibility on my body.
Appreciation: At the beginning of the article, three rhetorical questions constitute a parallelism, which leads to the author's point of view that "the most bitter thing is not to assume a future responsibility." Makes people think.
2. I promised to do one thing but didn't do it. I owed others money and didn't pay it back. I benefited from others' failure to pay back. I offended people and didn't give gifts. Even this person hardly dared to see him. Even though I can't see his face, I sleep in a dream, as if his shadow is haunting me. Why? Because I sympathize with him!
Appreciation: This passage vividly depicts a person's painful feeling of failing to fulfill his responsibilities. In fact, it expounds the truth that "the most bitter thing in life is not to fulfill his responsibilities". Such kind language is like an old man talking to a reader, without any arrogant preaching tone.
3. "Turn it over, what is the happiest thing? Responsibility will naturally be over, which is the first pleasure of life. An old saying goes well:' Relieved'; As the saying goes,' a stone falls'. "
Appreciation: This passage uses old sayings and proverbs to describe the happy mood after due diligence, which is easy to understand and interesting, greatly enhancing the appeal of the article.
Seven, contact with reality, get inspiration from life.
1. Show the famous sentences about responsibility collected before class and understand their meanings.
Example: Sun Yat-sen-the revolution has not yet succeeded, and comrades still need to work hard. ...
Zhuge Liang-do your best and die.
Ceng Zi: I visit myself three times a day. Is it cheating for others? Don't believe in making friends? Can you pass it on?
Fan Zhongyan: Worry about the world first, then enjoy it.
2. After reading the text, how do you understand "responsibility"? What's the new understanding?
Hug: Everyone has his own responsibility, big or small. We can't avoid and shirk our responsibilities, we can only try our best to fulfill our responsibilities and get happiness in fulfilling them. If everyone works hard to fulfill their responsibilities, then individuals, others, families, society and countries will get better and better.
3. What is your duty? Do you feel happy doing your duty?
Instruction: Our middle school students' main responsibility now is to study hard, master scientific and cultural knowledge, and make their own contributions to the motherland and society in the future. There are other responsibilities, such as maintaining public order, protecting the environment and saving energy. ...
For example, I feel happy when I am on duty. When I worked hard to finish my task, I was glad to see the classroom was clean.
Eight, class summary
Students, through the study of this class, we understand that taking responsibility is the greatest pain in life, and doing one's duty is the greatest happiness in life. It can be said that it is ingenious and original. The author's dialectical understanding of the relationship between responsibility and happiness embodies his wisdom and broadmindedness, and inspires us to face life directly. I hope that when the responsibility comes to us, we will bravely and seriously assume our own responsibilities and get great happiness beyond ourselves.
Blackboard design:
The most painful and joyful
Central argument: failure to perform responsibilities is the most bitter, and fulfilling responsibilities is the most enjoyable.
Sub-argument 1: the greatest pain-not doing one's duty.
(self, family, society, country)
Sub-argument 2: the greatest happiness-due diligence
(Do your duty everywhere and always do your duty)
Conclusion: people should be brave enough to take responsibility and should not escape.
Brother Zheng