1. Collect materials. After the topic is determined, it is necessary to widely collect materials in the fields involved in the topic. Materials are generally divided into two categories, namely theoretical materials and factual materials. According to the classified catalogue, theoretical materials can be found in libraries, reference rooms, theoretical publications and the Internet. Facts can be found in books, newspapers, personal contact with other people's work experience, statistical data and cases at work. Conditional can personally investigate and study. Collect more materials and choose them. It is necessary to select material standards and maximize material selection; The least choice of information is enough. When collecting materials, we should pay attention to authenticity (source; Second-hand materials should be checked with original materials), concreteness (data, proportion, proportion should be exact, not ambiguous), novelty (new materials can lead to new conclusions). We should carefully study the data from coarse to fine, from false to true, from the outside to the inside. Some people summarize it as "capturing information, identifying, centralizing and storing information".
In a word, the process of collecting data is also a process of sorting out and studying, and the comparison, thinking and screening of data are the premise and basis of this paper.
2. Opening report.
3. Draft a writing outline. The benefits of the outline are helpful to establish a global view, clarify ideas, arrange materials and make reasonable bamboo shoots. In the process of drafting the outline, in order to form a theoretical system with clear hierarchy and tight logical relationship, not only a large number of materials need to be selected, added, deleted and adjusted, but also the layout, viewpoints and material outline of the paper can be written in two ways: one is a title and the other is a sentence. Either way, the title should be drawn up first. There are two types of paper titles. One is the title that expresses the argument, that is, the title that summarizes the formation of the argument. The other is to indicate the topic, that is, to reveal the content of the study.
4. Write the first draft. This paper mainly emphasizes the writing of content summary and text.
(1) Executive summary. It is the epitome of the paper and a complete paper. It mainly includes: explaining the purpose, methods and achievements of the author's research on the topic of thesis writing, especially the new insights and creative achievements of this paper. Words should be concise and translated into corresponding foreign languages. Indicate 3-5 representative "keywords" and outlines.
(2) write the text. The text is the main part of the paper, which usually consists of three parts: introduction, theory and conclusion.
① Introduction. The introduction mainly explains the reason and significance of studying this topic, raises questions, and sometimes simply writes a little historical review, the basic idea of this article, and the methods used to study this topic.
(2) this theory. This theory is the core of the paper, which should include theoretical analysis, demonstration, elaboration, innovation and so on. Here, we focus on establishing arguments and discussing them; Develop innovative thinking. Establish an argument and discuss it. Argument is the soul and value of an article. This argument is a correction mentioned earlier in the article; Refers to where the preface is wrong, what is the correct view and what is the basis. Another example is what you advocate and what you oppose. The argument should be accurate, clear and prominent. Arguments are generated in the analysis and research of data, so don't draw a conclusion first, and then find materials to prove it. The formation of an argument is actually a process of sorting out, analyzing and summarizing data. The author should sort out clues from the data and find problems from them. Finding a problem is the first step to solve it. The ability to establish an argument is mainly abstract, that is, to extract something with regularity from the vast amount of information.
Discussion refers to the process of explaining an argument with arguments. After the argument is established, we will discuss it. The discussion should be rigorous. We must deal with the relationship between arguments and arguments in the process of discussion. Argument is explained by argument, and argument is directed by argument. Arguments and arguments are dialectical unity. In the process of discussion, arguments and arguments must form a unified organic whole, so that arguments can serve arguments well Materials and viewpoints should be unified, materials should be well organized, and their arguments should be explained. The discussion level should be clear, such as dividing the problem into three arguments, that is, three levels to discuss. Discussions should also use reliable examples, detailed materials and beautiful forms to express their thoughts and opinions, and the language of discussion should be vivid and vivid. Discussion ability mainly refers to logical thinking, reasoning and judgment ability.
Develop innovative thinking. The purpose of pioneering and innovative thinking is to find the research object as soon as possible, or to break through the achievements of predecessors and realize new inventions as soon as possible. Mr. Li Jinglong summed up three basic conditions for developing creative thinking: abundant reserves; Increase the probability of interaction between information; Increase the potential energy to solve problems. Without these three conditions, creative thinking cannot be formed. Does this mean that the more books you read, the richer information you collect, and the higher your professional level, the greater the possibility of forming creative thinking? The bigger it is. And a lot of information stored in the brain will interact with each other, resulting in new thinking. Increasing the probability of interaction between information will increase the possibility of creative thinking.
In addition to these three basic conditions, some researchers believe that creative thinking has a great relationship with the author's personality. This is rich imagination, strong curiosity and strong interest in problems.
Creative thinking can give us new wishes, new horizons, new ideas and new creativity. With creative thinking, we can see the flash that others can't find from the general opinion, and have a superior vision, so as to climb the heights that others can't reach.
Foreign management scientists put forward 10 methods that can inspire innovative thinking, which can be used for reference: a. seeking differences, b. discovering, c. trying, d. practical methods (direct hands-on), e. verification, f. design, s. fantasy, h. reflection, i. guiding thinking (reverse thinking), l. The 10 method can be used alone or in combination. (See "New Concept of Entrepreneur" P454)
③ Conclusion. The conclusion is a summary of the whole paper. The writing of the conclusion can summarize the full text and put forward the problems and prospects for further research. The summary should be clear, concise, complete and accurate.
When writing a text, you must pay attention to carefully drafting according to the writing outline. The outline embodies the rationality of the level, paragraph, transition and fine coherence of references. When writing the text, you should prevent the outline from being too big. Be accurate in your point of view and fluent in your writing. The way of writing can be done in one go, "ten steps and nine turns back."
5. Second draft and final draft. On the basis of the first draft, the paper can be perfected day by day after repeated thinking and revision. This article should be reviewed and revised. To change anything is to change ideas, materials, structure and language. Structure: the transition between levels and paragraphs. Whether the structural arrangement is complete and logical will directly affect the expression of views.
After the final paper is printed, it must be approved by the tutor and signed on the instruction form. The printing format must meet the unified requirements. See the Structural Format Standard (P6). Make sure to keep a printed copy, with 3-5 members of the defense Committee, one for each.