According to GB3469, the following types of references are identified by a single letter:

1. The type and file type of the reference file are identified with a single letter according to GB3469-83 File Type and File Carrier Code: Monograph M; Newspaper n; Journal j; Patent document p; Compilation g; Ancient books o; Technical standards.

2. The type of electronic document is identified by two letters: database DB; Computer program CP; Electronic bulletin EB. Electronic document carrier type and its identification: magnetic tape MT; Disk dk; CD； Online network OL.

Formats and examples of various reference projects

1. Academic journal documents: author, document name, publication year, volume number (issue number): starting and ending page numbers. For example: Yuan Qinglong, Hou. Study on microstructure and microhardness of Ni-P alloy coating [J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology, 200 1, 32 (1): 5 1-53.

2. Academic works: author. Title [M]. Place of publication: publishing house, year of publication: page number from beginning to end. For example: Liu Guojun, Wang Liancheng. Research on library history [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press,1979:15-18,31.

3. Papers with ISBN number: author. Title [A]. Editor in chief. Title of the essay [C]. Place of publication: publishing house, year of publication: page number from beginning to end. For example, Sun Pinyi. Modernization characteristics of university journal editors [A]. Journal of Natural Science Research Association of China University. Essays of Sci-tech Editors (2)[C]. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press, 1998: 10-22.

4. Author of the paper. Title [D] Storage location: storage unit, year. For example: Zhang Hesheng. Geomechanical system theory [D]. Taiyuan: Taiyuan University of Technology, 1998.

5. Report: author. Title [R]. Storage location: storage unit, year. For example: Feng Xiqiao. LBB analysis of nuclear reactor pressure vessel [R]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology Design and Research, 1997.

6. Patent literature: patent owner. Patent name [P]. Patent country: patent number, release date. For example: Jiang Xizhou. Preparation scheme of a warm externally applied medicine [P]. China patents: 88 1056078, 1983-08- 12.

7. International and national standards: standard code and standard name. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication. For example: GB/T16159-1996 Basic Rules of Chinese Phonetic Orthography [S].

The above is the reference writing method of the thesis for reference. In the actual process of writing a paper, it should be revised and adjusted according to the actual situation.

Format of references in papers

Author: The author's first name should be expressed by his last name and first name, and his last name should be capitalized. If there are multiple authors, the names of all authors should be listed.

File Title: The title of the referenced file should be completely expressed in italics.

Name of publication: The name of the publication where the cited document is located should be completely presented and displayed in italics.

Date of publication: The date of publication of the cited document should be indicated in brackets.

Page number: The page number of the cited document should be indicated in brackets.

In addition, for electronic documents, you need to include reference information such as URL or DOI.

It should be noted that different journals or publishers may have different requirements for the format of references, so the author should adjust the format of references according to the requirements of journals or publishers.