When Liu Bang was the director of Surabaya Pavilion, he once escorted prisoners to Lishan, and many people deserted along the way. So Liu Bang simply untied all the prisoners' ropes. Historical Records. According to the biography of Emperor Gaozu, he gave up drinking when he went to Fengxize, and was sent away by Xiezong at night. He said, "Go, gentlemen, and I will die!" It can be seen that Liu Bang didn't put any title in his eyes, nor did he put any royal laws in his eyes. He wouldn't dare to do anything out of line just because he wanted to keep the seat of Tingchang. As long as he thinks he should do something, he will do it without so much care and calculation. This shows Liu Bang's open-minded and generous character.

Look at Liu Bang's men. They are all kinds: Sean is a nobleman and a tourist, Xiao He is a county magistrate, Han Xin is a civilian, Fan Kuai is a dog butcher, Guan Ying is a cloth seller, Lou Jing is a coachman, a robber and a drummer. Liu Bang can give full play to his strengths equally, and he doesn't care if others say that he is a miscellaneous army and a grass king.

1.3 Ren Xian's ruling talent; A smart gentleman, with high understanding, is good at accepting the guidance of others.

Liu Bang has superb leadership skills and can unite a large number of outstanding talents around him, such as Han Xin who can lead troops, Sean who is good at strategy, Xiao He who can manage accounts and so on. Yi Zhongtian, the author of A Prequel to the Three Kingdoms-Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, summed up eight characteristics of Liu Bang's way of employing people: knowing people well, being eclectic, inviting and surrendering traitors, letting bygones be bygones, being honest and honest, employing people without doubt, rewarding them according to their merits and secretly controlling them. It was by using these management talents that Liu Bang achieved his imperial career. In our current words, Liu Bang knows the art of leadership and has the temperament of a leader.

Yes, compared with Xiang Yu, who was born in a famous family, Liu Bang was born in poverty, but in terms of qualifications, Liu Bang really deserves the title of leader. He has all the qualities that a leader must have, and the ideas given by Sean, Xiao He and others are mostly aimed at practical problems and specific operability, with strategies and strategic suggestions. According to Records of Historical Records of Xiang Yu, Pei Gong was already in Guanzhong at that time, and Wang Xiang later entered the customs. Pei Gong Sajima Cao Wushang heard about Wang Xiang. Wang Xiang was furious and wanted to attack Pei Gong. Wang Xiang's uncles Zuo Yin, Xiang Bo and Liu Hou Sean are very good. They met with Sean privately at night and told him the truth to keep Sean alive. Liang said, "I appointed Pei Gong as the King of Korea. Pei Gong was anxious and had to be silent when he died. " Then he told Pei Gong the truth. Pei Gong was frightened and said, "Why?" (This even bears a striking resemblance to his descendant Liu Bei: how similar. ) Sean gave Liu a little inspiration in private, so he married Xiang Bo and became his children's in-laws. Because Xiang Bo sent a message to Xiang Yu, Xiang Yu stopped him. A Hong Men military security has been solved. Therefore, Liu Bang often knows everything at all. This insight, judgment and understanding are simply innate. Han Xin said that his talent as a "general" was "a gift, not a human resource", which was not entirely a compliment, let alone an irony.

As a leader, Liu Bang's greatest advantage is "knowing people". Knowing people here is not to respect and make good use of talents in a general sense, but to understand human nature, both its advantages and its weaknesses. Only in this way can we unite all forces that can be United to the maximum extent, isolate the enemy, break them one by one, and finally transport the world in the palm of our hands. If you win the world, you will win the hearts of the people. Liu bang knows this truth very well. It seems that he was born to deal with people. Historical Records says that he hates reading, but he is intelligent by nature and broad-minded and can adopt the best strategies. Even the janitor and the lowest-ranking soldier can become old friends as soon as they meet. Not only because he is generous, informal and easy to get along with, but also because he knows a truth: "People are the first valuable thing in the world." Therefore, he regards all people as precious wealth and resources, for fear that there are few people and they are never tired. After Liu Bang entered Xianyang, Qin Dou did three things. The first thing is not to kill Ziying, but to give preferential treatment to prisoners. According to Records of the Historian, in October of the first year of Han Dynasty, Pei Gongbing first went for hegemony. Zi Ying, the king of Qin, rode on a white horse, tied his neck to form a ball, sealed the emperor Jeff, and set off. The generals still defeated the king of Qin with words. Pei Gongping: "At first, I was sent by the King to be tolerant; And people surrendered and killed, which is unknown. " So the king of Qin became an official and went west to Xianyang. The second thing is to make three chapters about the law and abolish harsh laws. "I have an appointment with the governors. Wang Zhi was the first to enter the customs. I am the crown prince. Make an agreement with the elders that the law will cover three chapters: murder, wounding and theft. I will remove Qin's method. All officials and people are blocked as before. I am here to help my elders, and I am not afraid of violence! This is why I am still in charge of the army and I will be bound by the governor. " The third thing is that Liu Bang himself has not been rewarded. Records in Historical Records. According to the Biography of Emperor Gaozu, people and Qin officials went to various counties and towns to report. The Qin people were overjoyed, vying for cattle, sheep, wine and food to provide food for the sergeant. Pei Gong refused to accept it, saying, "There is a lot of grain in the warehouse, and I don't want to waste people." From the three things that Liu Bang did, it can be seen that Liu Bang was able to win step by step and finally seize the reunification of the national political power precisely because he was clear-headed and willing to be educated with an open mind. Excellent leadership skills.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the real problem that Liu Bang faced was the complicated and changeable situation. The most important thing is how to stabilize society and resume production; How to eliminate the invasion from Xiongnu in the north; How to ensure that Liu Jiangshan can build a lasting foundation? This series of practical problems is an urgent task that every founding emperor must face, especially for an emperor from a civilian background, the problems seem to be more complicated. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Liu Bang summed up the lessons of Qin's death. According to the historian Lu Jiachuan, Lu Jia, a debater of Chu people, first put forward this suggestion to him. Based on the theory of "inaction", "leniency" and "neutralization", this paper not only denies the policy of "punishing Tai Chi" in Qin Dynasty, but also requires the rulers in the early Han Dynasty to let nature take its course and adopt policies such as less intervention, lightness, thinness, frugality and probation. With the aim of "inaction" and "obedience", Liu Bang inherited the basic system of the Qin Dynasty and made some changes, that is, the so-called "Han inherited Qin system". To sum up, Liu Bang took eight measures to restore the development of social production economy: returning to agriculture (increasing the agricultural labor force), encouraging childbearing, reducing corvee, controlling tax collection, saving expenses, restraining businessmen, moving to a big country, and stabilizing the environment (moving to the frontier). In addition, he fought against the Huns and formulated a pro-policy. These measures of Liu Bang played a positive role in the social and economic recovery and development in the early Han Dynasty. These policies of rest and recuperation have far-reaching significance, which initiated the "rule of culture and scenery", thus making the Han empire prosperous.

After four years of Chu-Han War, Liu Bang established a unified dynasty after Qin Dynasty in the history of China feudal dynasty. However, the real problem before Liu Bang is full of difficulties. First of all, how to change from a hegemony to a ruler; Secondly, how to deal with many complicated and contradictory problems such as the relationship with those princes and heroes. Obviously, the latter is the most difficult for Liu Bang. Like the founding monarchs of past dynasties. In order to consolidate Liu's regime, Liu Bang slaughtered the founding heroes.

Han Xin was the first to bear the brunt of Liu Bang's cutting off the princes with different surnames. This article only takes Han Xin's murder case as evidence to illustrate. Han Xin is not as brave as a man, but she has a woman's nature. At the last critical moment of the Chu-Han War, Han Xin's position was very special. In the words of Xiang Yu's lobbyist, it is "the matter of the two kings today, the power is in the first step." The first step was to hit the right fist, and Hanwang won, while the left fist was Sheng Wang. ".(Historical Records. In the words of Kuai Tong, the debater of Qi State, the biography of Huaiyin Hou is "two masters' lives hanging by a thread. The first step is Han, Han Sheng and Chu Sheng. " ("Historical Records". In short, Han Xin has become the third force besides Liu and Xiang, and can completely dominate one side independently and share the world with Liu and Xiang. And Han Xin didn't listen to these words, because he didn't understand the truth that "the rabbit is dead and the dog is cooked, the bird is buried in the bow, and Gao Zhen is the teacher". If a woman's kindness made Han Xin miss a good opportunity, then the villain's heart made him make a big mistake. Han Xin killed Zhong Limei to please Liu Bang and made at least three mistakes. First, he betrayed his friends, pursued glory and lost morally. Second, he flatters, showing guilty conscience and psychological loss. Third, take the initiative to bend your knees to show your guilty conscience. You have lost another tactic.

In fact, it seems only a matter of time before Liu Bang cleans up Han Xin and other heroes with different surnames, because Liu Bang wants to establish a unified Liu Han dynasty. It can be said that Liu Bang's efforts to clean up Han Xin and others are planned and step by step. Political struggle stresses "rationality, superiority and restraint". Liu bang knows this well. Although Han Xin died at the hands of Lv Hou, it was also Liu Bang's patience and secret promise. So, when Liu Bang came back from putting down the Chen Yi rebellion on the battlefield and heard the news that Han Xin was executed, Records of the Historian and Biography of Huaiyin Hou recorded that his reaction was "schadenfreude". What a "tears of joy" is really a true portrayal of Liu Bang, and it is also a complex emotional portrayal of his appreciation, disgust and love for Han Xin.

The characteristic of autocratic politics is that no one is allowed to have an independent personality. They are also not allowed to have their own emotions, feelings, opinions and ideas. If they do this, they will be "disobedient" and will be cut off. Liu bang is not a murderer. His killing of heroes is entirely a political need, or a need of authoritarian politics. Therefore, Liu Bang's series of massacres should be said that absolutism killed Han Xin, Peng Yue, Zangcha, Chen Yi, Lu Wan and others, and almost killed Fan Kuai. But this is "the inevitable lesson of authoritarian politics."

Later generations criticized Liu Bang for killing the hero with a different surname from Wang, which was not a fault. However, it ignores that Liu Bang must make many compromises in the design of the political system: although the county system was one of the reasons for the demise of the Qin Empire, if it is completely abolished, it can only be returned to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, then the reunification of the Han Dynasty will become meaningless, and the country and society will only return to the old road. The Han Dynasty will not be a unified and stable regime. If the system of enfeoffment was implemented as in the Zhou Dynasty, people with the same surname and different surnames would be crowned as kings, although it could temporarily appease the interests of various political groups. In fact, Liu Bang's choice is shrewd. He kept the county system because he needed it to safeguard the unity of the whole country and the authority of the central government. At the same time, he also listed the local kings, but that was for his own people, that is, the kings with the same surname. Liu bang is actually doing the same thing as Qin Shihuang, that is, unifying the whole country, but Liu bang's means are much better. He should not only consider the future political trend, but also consider the current political situation. We can't help but say that Liu Bang's political philosophy has actually reached the state of perfection. This state system with parallel counties and countries seems awkward, but it is actually a major political innovation in China, which lasted for more than 2,000 years until the late Qing Dynasty. Of course, this evolution is beyond the scope of this article.