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Cao Pi's Classic Papers in Wei and Jin Dynasties
original text
Scholars despise each other since ancient times. Fu Yizhi in Ban Gu 'er's ear, though young, said firmly to his younger brother, "Wuzhong regards being able to return to Wen as the history of Lantai, so he can't stop writing." Madam is good at self-observation, but literature is not an organic whole, and it is rarely prepared, so she has her own strengths and weaknesses. There is a saying in China Chinese: "If there is a broken broom at home, give it to your daughter." I can't see myself.
Today's literati: Lu Guo Kong Ju, Guangling Chen Zhang, Wang Shen, Beihai Xu, Ruan Yu Yuan Yu, Runan Xingyang Delian, Dongping Serina Liu, seven sons learned everything and said everything, aiming to excel in thousands of miles. It's hard to get this suit! Mr. Gai judges himself and others, so as to avoid fatigue and write a paper.
RoyceWong is good at ci-fu, while Xu Gan is full of aura, but he is a charming horse. For example, The First Expedition, Climbing the Building, Huai Fu and Zheng Si written by Shenyun, Lost Ape, Missing Flower, Tuanfan and Orange Fu written by Gan, although Zhang and Cai are just so, can't be called so. Secretary Lin and Zhang also made a statement today. Angelababy is harmonious but not strong, while Liu Zhen is strong but not dense. Kong Rong's spirit is wonderful. He surpasses others. However, he can't hold up a theory, and he is eloquent and even ridiculous. Its goodness, yang, and Banno also.
Ordinary people are lofty, loyal to their own voices, suffering from self-righteousness and claiming to be virtuous. The husband's text is the same, but it is different at the end. Beautiful cover, reasonable style, realistic inscription and beautiful poetry. These four subjects are different, so what you can do is partial subjects; Only communication can prepare the body.
The text is mainly qi, clear and turbid, but not strong. For example, although music is uniform in curvature and rhythm, as for uneven bleeding, it is skillful and well-known. Although it is on fathers and brothers, it cannot be transferred to children.
Cover the article, the great cause of the country, the immortal event. The years of life sometimes end, and glory ends in the body. Both will reach a normal period, not endless articles. Based on ancient authors, I am attached to calligraphy, and my opinions are based on articles. He didn't fake the words of history, nor did he rely on the trend of flying, but his fame was later autobiographical. Therefore, Xibo is quiet and easy to perform, while Zhou Dan is an obvious gift, not in obscurity, not in entertainment and thinking. Husband, however, the ancients were mean and heavy, and it was too late. And many people are not strong; Being poor is not afraid of hunger and cold, but being rich is not enough for pleasure, so you can do what you are doing now and leave behind a thousand years of achievements. The sun and the moon passed away from the peak, and their physical appearance fell to the bottom, suddenly leaving everything, which is a great pain for people with lofty ideals!
Rong and others have passed away, only doing theory and becoming a family statement.
translate
Scholars despise each other, as it has been since ancient times. Fu Yi and Ban Gu are equally talented in humanities. However, Ban Gu looked down on Yi Fu. In a letter to his younger brother Ban Chao, he said: "Fu Wuzhong became an official position in the history of Lantai because he could write articles, but he never stopped writing articles." Ordinary people are always good at seeing their own advantages. However, there is not only one genre of the article, and few people are all proficient. So everyone always uses what they are good at to despise what others are not good at. There is a saying in the village, "If you have a broken broom at home, you will know that it is worth thousands of dollars." I can't see my own problems clearly.
There are only seven literati left, namely Kong Wenju in Shandong, Chen Wen in Guangling, Wang Wen in Beihai, Ruan Wenyu in Chenliu, Yingdelian in Angelababy in Runan and Liu Zhen and Liu Gonggan in Dongping. These "seven sons" are eclectic in their studies, and they are not borrowing from others in their writing. (literary world) it's like galloping thousands of miles, neck and neck. It is really commendable that we can admire each other under such circumstances. I look at myself (I think I have the ability) to measure others, so I can write this paper without this drag (scholars despise each other).
RoyceWong is good at ci-fu, while Xu Gan is sometimes soothing, but he is also comparable to RoyceWong. For example, RoyceWong's Fu on Initial Expropriation, Fu on Ascending the Building, Fu on Feeling and Fu on Thinking, and Xu Gan's Fu on Xuan Yuan, Fu on Leakage, Fu on Yuan Fan and Fu on Orange are all beyond Zhang Heng and Cai Yong's reach. However, other articles can't compare with this. Chen Lin and Ruan Yu's chapters, tables, books and notes (several genres of articles) are outstanding today. Ying Yun (article) is peaceful but not majestic enough, while Serina Liu (article) is atmospheric but not detailed enough. Kong Rong's charm is elegant and extraordinary, but he is not good at making arguments, and his words are better than reasoning, even mixed with jokes and teasing words. As for what he is good at (genre), he is first-class in Yang Xiong and Bangu.
Most people value the ancients, despise the present, advocate fame, ignore reality, fail to see their own shortcomings, and always think they are virtuous. The essence of an article (expressing its content in words) is the same, but the details (genre and form) are different. Therefore, it is appropriate to play sparingly and criticize elegantly, letters and argumentations should be reasonable, inscriptions and obituaries should be appropriate, and poems should be gorgeous. The styles of these four subjects are different, so people with culture (often) have preferences; Only a generalist can be good at all kinds of articles.
The article focuses on "qi", which can be divided into two types: clear qi and turbid qi, which cannot be obtained by hard work. Using music as a metaphor, the melody rhythm of music has the same measurement, but the sound of luck is not so neat, and the usual skills also have advantages and disadvantages. Although they are fathers and brothers, they cannot teach their sons and brothers.
The article is related to the great achievements of governing the country, and it is a great cause that can be passed down to future generations and will last forever. People's age and life span are limited by time, and honor and joy can only be combined in the end. Both of them end in a certain period of time, which can't be circulated forever like articles, and there is no shortage. Therefore, ancient authors, who devote themselves to writing and express their thoughts and opinions in articles and books, do not need to borrow the words of historians or rely on the power of senior officials, and their fame can naturally be passed down to future generations. As a result, Zhou Wenwang was jailed and interpreted the Book of Changes, and Zhou Gongdan had an insightful bar mitzvah. King Wen didn't stop his career because of poverty, and Duke Zhou didn't change his ambition because of his great insight. Therefore, the ancients looked down on a foot of jasper and valued an inch of time because they were afraid of the passage of time. Most people don't want to work hard, the poor are afraid of cold and hunger, and the rich are addicted to ease and happiness, so they only know how to manage what is in front of them and give up achievements that can last for thousands of years. The sun and the moon move in the sky, but the human body looks old day by day underground, and suddenly dies of old age like everything else. This is a sad thing for people with lofty ideals!
Kong Rong and others have all passed away, and only Xu Gan wrote On China, which became a family statement.
To annotate ...
Yi Fu, a writer in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was born in Maoling (now northeast of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province). When Emperor Zhang Zhao of the Han Dynasty wrote a history for Lantai, he worshipped a doctor and arranged the books of this dynasty with Ban Gu and others, and died young. There are 28 existing poems and poems. Ban Gu: A native of Anling (now east of Xianyang County, Shaanxi Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Lang, secretary of canon studies. Author of Hanshu, etc.
In the ranking of brothers, the first is Bo, and the second is Zhong.
I: It means the same thing.
Xiao Zhi: Look down on him (Yi Fu).
Chao: Ban Gu's younger brother Ban Chao was sent to the Western Regions.
Zhu: Writing articles. Genus: repeatedly. History of Lantai: an official who sorted out books of dynasties and dealt with books played in Han Dynasty.
Have to write: have to write an article.
Xian: Very few people. Get ready: master it all.
Italian: As the saying goes. Li: Same as "Li".
Enjoy: when.
Lu: Qufu County, Shandong Province today. Kong Rong was a native of Lu in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Guangling: Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province today. Chen Lin: Kong Zhang worked for He Jin and Yuan Shao, and later returned to Cao Cao. At that time, many military documents were drafted by Chen Lin, including the Collection of Chen Jishi.
Yang Shan: Lunan today. RoyceWong: Zhong Xuan is from Levin, Yang Shan.
Beihai: Changle County, Shandong Province today. Xu Gan: Word length. Cao Cao was appointed commander of the air force for offering wine, and his five senses became literary. Zhong Lun has two volumes.
Liu Chen: In today's Kaifeng City, Henan Province.
Character Yu studied under Cai Yong, then returned to Cao Cao, and served as the air force commander, responsible for pouring wine and managing the archives. At that time, most military books were written by him and Chen Lin. Ruan's Yuan Yuji has a volume.
Runan: It's in the southeast of runan county. Angelababy: De Lian, Cao Cao was demoted as the prime minister, the son of a concubine in the plain, and later as literature with five senses. There is a volume of British and German series.
Dongping: In the east of Dongping County, Shandong Province. Serina Liu: Word is business, and Cao Cao is prime minister. There is a volume of Liu Gonggan Collection.
Qizi: These seven people. The name of "Jian 'an Seven Sons" began to be seen here.
Legacy: omission. Error: rely on.
Salty: Both. Cheng: Galloping and running. Lu: A good horse. Qi: illness.
It is also difficult to convince the other side with this: it is also difficult to convince the other side with the talent of Qizi. L: Very good.
Trial: appraisal. Degree: measure. Ray: Sick. Gentleman: Cao Pi refers to himself.
Qi Qi: Generally speaking, this means that the customs of ancient Qi were mild. Here, Xu Gan's article is more soothing.
The first expedition, climbing the building and other articles are RoyceWong's fu; Mysterious apes, leaks, etc. Is this a poem written by Xu Gan?
Zhang and Cai: Zhang Heng and Cai Yong. Zhang Heng: A writer and scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cai Yong: A writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty, uncle Zi. There is "Cai Zhonglang Collection".
RoyceWong and Xu Gan did not write as well as Fu in other styles.
Chen: commensurate with ...
Zhang Biao's secretary: Zhang, a book for the emperor from the courtiers. Table, since the Han and Wei Dynasties, courtiers to the emperor's confession.
Clerk: General official documents and practical writing.
Jun: With "Jun", the talent is outstanding.
Harmonious but not strong: the momentum of the article is relaxed but not magnificent.
Strong but not dense: the article is magnificent but not dense.
These words mean: Kong Rong is extraordinary in temperament and brilliant, but he is not good at writing theoretical articles. His articles are more eloquent than reasoning, and are often mixed with humorous words.
Body qi: temperament.
Yang: Zi Ziyun was a famous scholar and poet in the late Western Han Dynasty.
Ban: Ban Gu.
Zhou: A couple of the same generation.
Distinctive: "far" and "near" here refer to time and place, but mainly time. Return to reality: tend to be false and turn your back on reality.
Dark (an): dim. This refers to being sheltered.
Ben: Rootstock.
End: branch tip.
The mourning ceremony should be elegant: the mourning procedure should be elegant and solemn.
Book theory should be reasonable: letters and argumentative papers should be organized.
The inscription is still true: the inscription recording merit and the obituary recording the life of the deceased should respect the truth. Poetry and fu should be beautiful: poetry and fu should be gorgeous.
Theme: theme, type.
All-rounder: all-rounder
The clarity of qi has a body, which can't be forced: the clarity of literary qi should be stylish, active and can't be forced.
Text: respectively. To: incur.
Curvature: music score. Two people: the same. Inspection: regulations.
Bleeding: Luck works.
Element: Quality refers to people's talent and nature.
Guo Jing: Governing the country.
Lerong: Glory and joy. Stop at the body: limit yourself.
Both: refers to the end of life and the end of glory. Duration: a certain period of time.
In calligraphy: engaged in articles and works. Calligraphy: pen and ink, articles.
See (xian) means to show your mind. Books: chapters, books.
Flying: refers to dignitaries.
Xibo: Zhou Wenwang. "Yin satrap called" Bo "as the" Bo "of Yongzhou, so it was called" Xibo "(see The Book of Songs Nan Zhou Zhao Nanpu). Historically, he was imprisoned and divined for the interpretation of Yi image.
Zhou Dan: That is, your younger brother, Uncle Cheng Wang. When he became king, he was very young and was regent by Zhou Gongdan. Pacify the chaos of Guan, Cai and Huo, change the official system and create etiquette.
Excellence: Excellence.
Don't be vague: don't write articles because you are poor.
Vaguely: poverty.
Don't think about leisure: don't divert your attention from wealth and happiness (don't write articles). Plus: transfer.
Bi: the floorboard of jade.
Fear of the past: I am deeply afraid that time will pass.
Strength: hard work.
Fear: fear.
Indulge: to indulge in pleasure.
Flow: indulgence.
Migration: change. Move with everything: of death. Here you are. Great pain: the greatest sadness.
Death: Death.
"On": that is, "On China".
Cheng Yi's statement: It is well known all over the world that it is unique. Cao Pi said in the book of quality with Wu: "Wei Chang is a gentleman who is indifferent to quality and has the ambition to accumulate goodness. He wrote more than 20 articles about China, which are elegant and elegant, and remain immortal. This son is immortal. "
Creation background
Judging from the relationship between literary creation and literary theory, the appearance of Dian Lun Zawen is not only a summary of literary creation, but also an inevitable need for theoretical guidance after the prosperous period of Jian 'an. It inherits and develops the theory that literature has social functions and discovers the contradiction between literature and Confucian classics. Affirmed the independent status of literature.
Ideologically speaking, it broke through the traditional Confucian literary concept, inherited the fine tradition of "feeling sad and happy, starting from things" in Han Yuefu folk songs, and emphasized the lyrical characteristics of literature.
Make an appreciative comment
During the Jian 'an period, because Cao Cao recruited talented people, scholars gathered in summer night (now Linzhang County, Hebei Province) to form a literary group. At that time, Cao Cao's military and political affairs were busy, and Cao Zhi was relatively young. However, Cao Pi and these literati are "connected as soon as they come out" (Cao Pi's Wu Zhi Shu), studying poetry together and getting along closely. Therefore, he became the central figure in His Love. With the prosperity of literature and the continuous accumulation and exchange of creative experience, the research of literary theory has a foundation, and Cao Pi's literary thought has gradually matured; At the same time, writers are in urgent need of theoretical guidance, so Dian Lun Wen, the first monograph in the history of China's literary criticism, came into being.
At the beginning, this commentary pointed out a long-standing habit of literati: "Scholars despise each other and have been natural since ancient times." Then give an example: compared with Ban Gu, Yi Fu's literary talent is not much behind, and it is "equal", but Ban Gu looks down on Yi Fu and laughs at Yi Fu's endless articles, and can't control the words well. When the author quoted this example, he made his point and implied criticism in his narrative. Then, the article analyzes the reasons why "scholars despise each other" and points out that everyone is good at seeing his own strengths, but there is not only one genre of articles, and it is rare for people to write all kinds of articles well, so "each has his own strengths and his own shortcomings." The one-sidedness of the problem has caused "scholars despise each other". After analyzing the reason why "scholars despise each other", the article quotes a proverb to illustrate the problem. "In China, it said,' The bad broom at home is a golden daughter.' I can't see myself. "The author points out that this is the disadvantage of not seeing your own shortcomings. This is the first paragraph of the article. In this passage, we criticize "scholars despise each other". First, we say that those scholars are good at seeing their own strengths, and then they can't see their own shortcomings. They discussed the two sides of a problem in a staggered way and made it clear in just a few words. However, why did Cao Pi first criticize the habit of "belittling scholars"? Because of this habit, it hinders mutual research and complements each other, which is not conducive to the prosperity of literature. In Cao Pi's view, the article is "a great cause of statecraft and an immortal event". Therefore, this habit of "scholars despise each other", which hinders the prosperity of literature, has been criticized from the beginning.
At the beginning of the second paragraph, seven sons of Jian 'an were quoted. Cao Pi believes that these "seven scholars" have nothing left to learn, that is, they learn everything, and they can innovate because their writing does not follow others. He also said that they all think they are good horses that travel thousands of miles every day. It is really commendable that they can rely on their talents, gallop side by side and admire each other under such circumstances. This is boasting that the "seven sons" have no bad habit of "scholars despise each other". The last paragraph of the article criticizes the habit of "scholars despise each other", and this paragraph goes on to praise the mutual admiration of the "seven sons" The purpose of criticism and praise is to cultivate a good literary atmosphere, so that scholars can better respect each other, learn from each other, promote the development of literature, serve "Confucian classics" and achieve "immortality." As for the author himself, he thinks that he can judge himself and others, that is, he can see himself clearly and judge others, so that he can avoid the habit of "scholars despise each other" and write this paper calmly. From the comparison between this paragraph and the previous paragraph, we can see that the author wants to change the habit of "belittling scholars" and "dealing with a man as he deals with you" and replace it with an attitude of "dealing with a man as he deals with you" to evaluate the writer fairly. "Wang Canshan's words are full of dry gas, but he is also a horse." The author points out that RoyceWong is good at writing Ci and Fu, and Xu Gan's Ci and Fu can still be compared with RoyceWong's, although they are mostly soothing. Then, taking RoyceWong's four poems "The First Expedition", "Climbing the Building", "Huai Fu" and "Zheng Si" and Xu Gan's four poems "Xuan Ape", "Mi Lou", "Fan Yuan" and "Ju Fu" as examples, it shows that even the works of famous poets Zhang Heng and Cai Yong cannot be surpassed. This is a high evaluation. However, the author immediately pointed out: "However, in other articles, it cannot be called." RoyceWong and Xu Gan can't write articles of other genres like Ci Fu. Comments on RoyceWong and Xu Gan here show their strengths as well as their weaknesses. As for Chen Lin and Ruan Yu, the author points out that their memorials, aphorisms and letters are the best. What about other articles? The author didn't say it, but it goes without saying. Here, we can also see their advantages and disadvantages. But it is very clever in rhetoric to write out strengths, weaknesses, reality and emptiness, words and meaning. "Angelababy is not strong. Liu Zhen is strong but not dense. " Judging from the style of their articles, Angelababy and Liu Zhen used four words to summarize their characteristics, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The language is extremely concise. "Kong Rong is tall and has something extraordinary; However, you can't hold a theory, you can't talk about it, so it's even ridiculous. As for Kong Rong, the author says that his temperament and talent are wonderful, and he has some advantages over others. But he is not good at writing theoretical articles, rhetoric is better than reason, and often mixed with some ridiculous words. The criticism of parody here has a historical background. The most obvious thing is that after Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao in Jian 'an for nine years, Cao Pi married Yuan Shao's daughter-in-law Zhen Shi. Kong Rong wrote to Cao Cao, saying, "The prince of Wu cut Zhou, and da ji sealed the Duke of Zhou", mocking Cao Cao. However, after pointing out Kong Rong's shortcomings, the author went on to say that as for Kong Rong's well-written articles, he could rival Yang Xiong and Ban Gu, and still insisted on treating a writer comprehensively. At this point, the third paragraph of the paper ends. In this commentary, Cao Pi tried to treat the "Seven Sons" with a comprehensive view and a fair attitude. Judging from the existing "seven sons" articles, Cao Pi's comments are more in line with reality. However, due to the limitation of historical conditions or some personal reasons, Cao Pi's evaluation of the "seven sons" is inevitably biased. For example, the evaluation of Kong Rong is inevitably mixed with some prejudices. According to historical records, Kong Rong befriended Cao Cao at first, but later "seeing Cao Xiong cheating gradually, the number is incomparable". (Biography of Kong Rong in the Later Han Dynasty) For Cao Pi who regards the article as "the great cause of founding the country", Kong Rong's political attitude will certainly arouse his dissatisfaction. Plus, in order to marry Zhen Shiyin, Kong Rong mocked Cao Cao, and Xelloss was of course embarrassed. Therefore, Kong Rong's comments, though comprehensive, are inevitably biased. As Mr. Guo Shaoyu said in the History of China's Literary Criticism: "As for Kong Rong, it is inevitable to call him' unable to hold arguments and make trouble without reason'." In this passage, Cao Pi raised the issue of literary style for the first time and came into contact with the relationship between article style and people (that is, the relationship with the writer's temperament), which Cao Pi had never talked about before and had a great influence on the development of literary theory later.
At the beginning of the fourth paragraph, the article inherits the meaning of the first paragraph, and points out two wrong attitudes of literary critics: "An ordinary man is noble, loyal to his voice, and suffering from his own opinions is called a sage." Then, from a distance, taking the meaning of "the prose is not unified, and less preparation is good", it is further discussed: "the prose is the same but different at the end." Gaiyiya, Shulun Yi Li, Ming Yi Shangshi, Li Yu. These four subjects are different, so what you can do is partial subjects; Only by passing can you prepare yourself. " The author explains that the article has the same origin and different tributaries, that is to say, it has both the characteristics of * * * and the particularity of different styles. Therefore, the stylistic theory of four subjects and eight aims is put forward, which holds that recitation should be elegant, book theory should be organized, inscriptions should respect truth, and poems should be gorgeous. These four subjects are different. The writer's strengths are only partial to some aspects. Only people with various talents can master all styles. Of course, "generalists" are rare, so it is wrong to "think of yourself as a saint". Cao Pi's classification of style is not the first, but he has taken a big step forward on the basis of his predecessors and divided the style more carefully. Although his exposition of the characteristics and requirements of each body is not entirely appropriate and thorough, it is undoubtedly a great contribution and milestone to the development of stylistics in China. Before Cao Pi, people's understanding of articles focused on books; Cao Pi's concept of always combining promoted the stylistic study of later generations. Huan Fan's Ci-Hua on Earth, Lu Ji's Wen Fu, Zhi Yu's Li Sao, Li Chong's Hanlin and Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long are all further developments of this stylistic theory. This paragraph not only takes care of the above, but also expounds the fresh views on style. The brushwork is not sticky or swaying.
Styles have their own characteristics, and writers are usually only good at one aspect. So why are they only good at this and not that? Cao Pi put forward his own views in the fifth paragraph of the article. "Wen is given priority to with gas. Turbidity of qi has a body, but it cannot be caused by force. "Xelloss believes that the article, mainly lies in the writer's talent. There is a difference between handsome and superior masculinity and dignified and gloomy femininity, which cannot be achieved by force. He went on to give an example: for example, music, although the tune is the same and the rhythm is the same, is inconsistent with luck, and people's quality is skillful and clumsy. Even if fathers and brothers have such talents, they can't pass them on to their children. Cao Pi put forward the proposition that "style is human" more than 700 years ago, which is commendable. However, he overemphasized the talent of temperament, character and style, and even said "impossible to be strong" and fell into the quagmire of "innate determinism". Nevertheless, Cao Pi's stylistic theory inspired many people to study it later, which greatly promoted the development of literary criticism.
In the last paragraph, the author first solemnly pointed out: "Building the great cause of the country is an immortal event." This emphasizes the value of literature in practical spirit. In Cao Pi's time, literature originally included works such as philosophy and history, and we called it literature by "articles". The great turmoil at the end of the Han Dynasty greatly destroyed the feudal order and greatly weakened the ruling power of Confucianism. Thus, literature got rid of the rule of Confucian classics and gained an independent position. Cao Pi abandoned the view that predecessors despised literature and pointed out that literature can serve "Confucian classics" and well-written literature can be "immortal". This understanding of the independent status and important role of literature is of epoch-making significance in the history of China literature. As Luo Genze said in the History of China's Literary Criticism, "Cao Pi was the first person to put forward literary value." However, Cao Pi's emphasis on the social function of literature is still a bit excessive. Then, Cao Pi further elaborated his own point of view, pointing out that at the end of a person's life, glory is limited to his own body, and both of them have a certain time limit, so it is better to spread the article forever. It can be seen that the value of the article is really an "immortal event". He encouraged the literati to say, "It was the ancient author who entrusted himself to calligraphy, and his opinions were based on articles. He didn't forge a good historical text, nor did he rely on the momentum of flying, but his fame is autobiographical. " In other words, ancient writers engaged in writing and expressed their views in articles, and their fame naturally spread to later generations without relying on good historical rhetoric or the power of powerful people. These words have effectively promoted the development of literature. It is of great significance to engage in literary writing. Do all literati work hard at writing? Cao Pi said: Xibo was imprisoned, but Yi Bu, and made a ceremony for the week because of his fame. He didn't stop writing because of poverty, nor did he change his original intention because of happiness. Therefore, the ancients despised rulers and valued inches, fearing the passage of time. However, most people refuse to work hard. They are afraid of cold and hunger when they are poor, and indulge in pleasure when they are rich. So he only cared about the immediate matter and lost the immortal achievement of the Millennium-making an issue. By comparing these two writing attitudes, the author shows his warm praise for the former and his strong dissatisfaction with the latter. Later, the author wrote with deep feelings: "The sun and the moon passed away from the top, and the form declined to the bottom. Suddenly, they are far away from everything, which is a great pain for people with lofty ideals! " Cao Pi is simply shouting loudly, urging scholars to work hard. Finally, Kong Rong and others died, and only Xu Gan's On China can become a family letter, which shows the importance of writing hard while you are still alive. The pen carries feelings, which makes people feel that what they say makes sense, and it is also more influenced by emotions.
Throughout the whole paper, several important issues about literary criticism in China's literary history, such as the value of literature, the writer's personality and work style, writing style, literary critical attitude and so on, are all involved. Although Cao Pi's views on these issues are not entirely appropriate, and the discussion on these issues is only "shallow", it has played a fundamental role in the history of literary criticism and has a far-reaching impact on later generations.
Wen Xin Diao Long Cai Lu commented on Wei Wencai, saying: "Yuefu is clear and pleasant, and the canon is noble." It is very accurate to use the word "distinguishing points" to summarize the content and language characteristics of this article.
Brief introduction of the author
Cao Pi (winter of 187—June 29th, 226), Emperor Gao of Cao Wei, a famous politician and writer in the Three Kingdoms period, was the first emperor of Cao Wei, who reigned from 220 to 226 AD. During his reign, he settled the border dispute. Repel Xianbei, make friends with Xiongnu, Bianyi, Qiang and other foreign nationalities, and restore the establishment of the Han Dynasty in the western regions. Apart from military and political affairs, Cao Pi was a good writer since childhood and made achievements in poetry, prose and literature. He is especially good at five-character poems. He, his father Cao Cao and his brother Cao Zhi are also called "Three Caos", and there are two volumes of Wei Wendi Collection. In addition, Cao Pi also wrote Dian Lun, in which the paper is the first systematic literary criticism monograph in the history of China literature. After his death, the temple name was Gaozu (the ancestor of Zijian), and he was named Wendi and buried in Shouyangling.