Coloured glaze is an ancient China material, which has been used for 2466 years. Since ancient times, it has been used exclusively by the royal family, and it has extremely strict grade requirements for users, so it is rare among the people.
Coloured glaze is known as the first of the five famous vessels in China (gold, silver, jade, colored glaze, ceramics and bronze) and one of the seven treasures of Buddhism. By the Ming dynasty, it was basically lost, only recorded in legends and novels of ghosts and gods. Friar Sand in The Journey to the West was expelled from heaven for breaking a glass lamp.
However, even in the Ming Dynasty, very incomplete craftsmanship was still protected by the hierarchy. At that time, the glass was very opaque, so it was called medicinal jade. "Ming system" contains: the accessories awarded by the emperor to the champion are medicinal jade, which can only be matched with more than four products.
Give birth to a daughter at home, and an official gives birth to a beautiful woman. A passage in Historical Records is related to the origin of coloured glaze. Tao Zhugong is the legendary god of wealth, and the earliest cornucopia of the legendary god of wealth is also made of colored glass, so colored glass is considered as the token of the god of wealth, which is more direct and effective than topaz commonly used by people.
Characteristics of coloured glaze
1, the production process is lengthy: from conception, design, carving, firing, finishing and polishing to the completion of the work, it takes 47 delicate and complicated manual processes to complete.
2. Hand-made: workers must master superb technology to operate. Each process has its own uncertain changing factors, which need repeated experiments in the process, and the colors of the works are the same, which makes it extremely difficult to make.
3. One model and one product: one model can only burn one work, and cannot be used twice. Large and complex works even need to be fired many times to complete. Low success rate makes work more valuable.
4. High-temperature sintering: the selected raw materials are melted into crystal glass of various colors at a high temperature above 65438 0400℃, and after repeated cleaning, they are put into a mold according to the proportion of materials used in the work, and strict heating and cooling curves are set. The furnace temperature must be controlled within 65,438 0,000℃ 5℃. The firing process lasts more than 15 days, so that the crystal raw materials are accurate to every detail. Only in this way can the works be exquisite, three-dimensional, true, smooth and clear.
5. The colors in the glass are all sintered by various metal oxides at high temperature, and there will be no aging phenomena such as fading and oxidation.
6. Bubbles in glass: Glass works should have artistic vitality, and the bubbles in the works are more imaginative and aura. Bubble is the smell of glass, which is a knowledge in the field of glass art.
Glass in the eyes of Buddhists
Coloured glaze is one of the "seven treasures" of Buddhism and the first of the "five famous vessels in China". Made of colored artificial crystal, the process is complex and requires dozens of processes, mainly by hand. Because of its technical characteristics of "from fire to water", Buddhism believes that glass is the embodiment of thousands of years of practice. In all the classics, "the shape and spirit are like colored glass" is regarded as the highest realm of Buddhist practice.
Coloured glaze is a spiritual thing in Buddhism to eliminate diseases and ward off evil spirits. There are three kinds of blessings when placing or wearing colored glasses:
1) Get rid of diseases: People who practice believe that coloured glaze is the embodiment of the pharmacist Buddha, which can get rid of diseases and exorcise evil spirits, and make people get a healthy fortune.
2) Toughness: Due to the difficulty of firing, Buddhism believes that colored glass can make people feel the difficulty of refining truth and gain the strength of toughness.
3) Inspiration: colorful and varied, giving people artistic beauty and imagination, and giving people inspiration and wisdom.
Dewaxing casting of glass;
1. Creative design: draw creative ideas into graphic design drawings.
2. Prototyping: Make a physical prototype according to drawings and sculptures. In order to master the perfect proportion, beautiful lines and detailed patterns, every knife and stroke must be extremely precise and delicate.
3. Making a silica gel mold: evenly coat silica gel layer by layer on the surface of the prototype, wait for 2-4 hours (even 10-24 hours for large-size works) for the silica gel mold to solidify and fix it with gypsum.
4. Casting wax mold: preparing wax slurry, pouring hot-melt wax into a silica gel concave mold, and naturally cooling.
5. Take out the wax mold: take out the cooled wax mold from the silica gel gypsum mold. Among them, hollowing, chamfering and other details are easy to be destroyed in the process of wax removal, which must rely on care, patience and hands-on skills.
6. Trim the wax pattern: Because the wax pattern is easy to shrink and deform due to cooling, and the trace of the mold line left when the mold is removed, it can be carefully trimmed and perfected with tools.
7. Gypsum mold making: prepare the correct proportion of refractory gypsum, cast and embed it outside the modified wax mold to form a wax-containing gypsum mold.
8. Steam dewaxing: putting the whole wax-containing gypsum mold into a dewaxing machine for steam heating dewaxing, and obtaining the refractory gypsum female die after dewaxing.
9. Selection of raw materials: In order to accurately control the proportion of various colors and the aesthetic feeling of flowing, it is necessary to carefully select glass raw materials with specific colors and sizes, and arrange the distribution position of color blocks according to the shape and design.
10. Sintering in the furnace: after cleaning and dedusting the mold, put the whole gypsum mold and the prepared glass frit into the furnace and slowly heat it to about 850 degrees, so that the hot-melt crystal glass softens like maltose and slowly flows into the gypsum mold for molding.
1 1. Gypsum mold: The slow cooling time is different due to different shapes. After slow cooling, it is taken out of the furnace, and the gypsum mold is carefully removed with a knife to obtain a rough blank of the glass work.
12. Cutting: The rough glass blank after demoulding needs to be cut to remove the excess glass at the grouting port.
13. Rough grinding and fine grinding: Because the cutting surface is uneven, it is necessary to use rough grinding and fine grinding abrasives to repair and fine grind the casting mouth of crystal glass. At this time, special attention should be paid to adjusting the work to the best level.
14. Cold finishing: For the delicate part of the work, it must be carefully carved and trimmed with tools such as diamond pens to make the surface of the work more uniform and detailed, which requires extremely skilled manual work and long-term investment.
15. signature package: sign and sign the number after the work is finally confirmed.
The meaning of colored glass color.
"Pharmacist Liu Rulai is willing to make contributions": "I hope that when I come to Bodhi, my body will be like glass, clear inside and outside, clean and flawless." In a sense, coloured glaze is a symbol of personality, spirit and realm. Ming Che's colored glasses have placed people's good wishes.
Green glass-keeping peace represents peace, life and happiness; It is conducive to establishing good relations with others, enhancing courage and dissolving others' deliberate rejection. It has powerful purifying function, relieving toothache and throat and trachea problems. Suitable for people who travel frequently and like to travel.
Purple glass-can strengthen yang and improve IQ and EQ. Represents nobility, elegance and progress; It is conducive to improving your current state and enhancing your self-confidence. It can inhibit people's desire and protect cardiovascular system. It can help the success of love and career, and can be used as a promise or celebration.
Transparent (white) stained glass-boundless Buddha's nature, suitable for protecting the body and nursing homes to strengthen vitality and maintain an optimistic attitude, representing purity, freshness and lightness; Exorcising evil spirits can eliminate the negative effects of the whole environment, reduce the harm to the body and maintain a happy attitude. Protect yourself from all diseases; Protecting the house is impeccable. It is the source of happiness and can bring happiness to life.
Blue glass-Kejufu can bring luck, representing freshness, tranquility and comfort; It can relieve stress, calm down, improve your popularity and make more friends. It has a powerful therapeutic effect on bones and muscles, kidneys and headaches. Suitable for all those who need luck.
Amber glass-it is a symbol of power and wealth to promote wealth, representing light, gentleness and innovation; It can help people project authoritative energy, strengthen people's decisiveness, and play a huge role in the rapid development of the cause and the improvement of the nervous system. Suitable for people who are struggling and eager to succeed.
Purple blue-mainly in-depth communication, get along smoothly,
Purple and white-peace+good mood White is a symbol of purity. With purple, it shows Ming Che inside and outside, which is elegant and slightly refined. Is the representative of charm, faint fragrance permeates people's hearts, but also has a memory effect, indicating priceless feelings and unforgettable love.
Purple and green-changing fortune, strengthening cooperation means that the combination of green and purple in life has the function of gathering happiness, and the vibration of mutual energy has a strong cohesive effect, which can improve a person's fate to a certain extent.
Amber and blue-the color of career urging money is soft and powerful, representing perseverance and belief, and improving the ability of reflection. Represents a successful career and unlimited wealth.
Amber and white-official fortune has the noble temperament of a king, which can eliminate fatigue, control emotions, stimulate people's memory and concentrate wealth.