"New socialist countryside" refers to the social state of rural society based on economic development and marked by all-round social progress in a certain period under the socialist system. Mainly includes the following aspects:
The first is to develop the economy and increase income. This is the first prerequisite for building a new socialist countryside. It is necessary to improve agricultural production efficiency through industrialization means such as high yield, high efficiency, high quality characteristics and scale operation.
The second is to build villages and towns and improve the environment. Including house renovation, garbage disposal, safe water use, road improvement, village greening and so on.
The third is to expand public welfare and promote harmony. It is necessary to run compulsory education well so that all school-age children can go to school and receive basic education; Carry out the new rural cooperative medical system, so that farmers can enjoy basic public health services; It is necessary to strengthen the social security of rural old-age care and poor households; It is necessary to coordinate urban and rural employment and provide convenience for farmers to enter the city.
The fourth is to cultivate farmers and improve their quality. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization and advocate healthy and civilized social customs; Develop rural cultural facilities and enrich farmers' spiritual and cultural life; It is necessary to strengthen the construction of village-level autonomous organizations and guide farmers to actively and orderly participate in rural construction.
Specifically, the so-called "new countryside" includes five aspects, namely, new houses, new facilities, new environment, new farmers and new fashions. These five are indispensable, and together they constitute the category of socialist "new countryside". In other words, it is necessary to build houses with different ethnic and regional customs according to local conditions, and the housing construction should meet the requirements of "saving society"; Improve infrastructure construction, with roads, water and electricity, broadcasting, communications, telecommunications and other supporting facilities, so that modern rural areas can enjoy information civilization; Good ecological environment and beautiful living environment. In particular, the ability to deal with environmental sanitation should reflect the characteristics of the new era; Make farmers have the quality of modernization and become "four farmers" with ideals, culture, morality and discipline; It is necessary to change customs, advocate a scientific, civilized and rule-based outlook on life, and strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization in rural areas.
The Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward the goal of building a new socialist countryside with "developed production, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean village appearance and democratic management", which fully reflected the requirements of rural economic, political, cultural and social development under the new situation. Realizing the requirements put forward in these five sentences is the process of realizing the coordinated and all-round development of all aspects in rural areas.
-"Production development" is the material basis of the new countryside. The primary task of building a new countryside is to develop production. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, agriculture should increase the popularization and application of science and technology and realize the transformation of growth mode. In the process of adjusting the rural economic structure, on the one hand, we should coordinate the proportion of grain and other crops to ensure food security in China; On the other hand, coordinate the relationship between agriculture and non-agricultural industries. Under the condition of market economy, farmers from one household are in a weak position in market competition because of scattered production and life and invalid information. Specialized cooperative economic organizations have great advantages in leading farmers to become rich. We should encourage the development of various new economic organizations and improve agriculture.
The degree of organization of the people.
-"Well-off life is the core goal of new rural construction. To achieve the goal of a well-off society, we must do everything possible to open up various channels to increase income and increase farmers' income.
-"Civilization of rural customs" to improve the overall quality of farmers. Rural customs civilization is essentially a problem of spiritual civilization construction in rural areas, including culture, customs, legal system, social security and many other aspects. Judging from our previous situation, the rural economy has developed rapidly in recent years, but the cultural life is monotonous and some bad cultures have risen. Rural cultural construction does not adapt to the coordinated development of economy and society, nor to the spiritual and cultural needs of farmers. The main problems are backward cultural infrastructure, insufficient utilization of existing resources, unsatisfactory cultural system and inadequate mechanism. Therefore, how to make the broad masses of farmers live a colorful spiritual and cultural life is an important task in the construction of new countryside.
-"Clean villages" improve farmers' living conditions. The most important requirement of "clean villages" in new rural construction is to provide better production, living and ecological conditions for rural areas.
-"management democracy", perfecting the rural grass-roots democratic self-government system is the key to realize rural management democracy.
Don't treat new rural construction as new rural construction, only pay attention to superficial things such as whether rural houses are uniform and whether roads are wide. We must never turn the construction of a new socialist countryside into a new round of large-scale demolition and construction in rural areas, and we must never unilaterally pursue "village cleanliness" or certain growth. We can't confuse the construction of new socialist countryside with urban construction. Rural areas have rural characteristics. In some places, rural construction according to the requirements of small towns is not conducive to improving rural production and life. Therefore, to build a new socialist countryside, we must focus on solving practical problems that restrict farmers' production and life, and we must grasp five "persistence" principles: First, we must persist in developing the economy and enriching farmers; Second, adhere to government guidance, with farmers as the main body; The third is to persist in highlighting key points and promoting them as a whole; Fourth, adhere to step by step to achieve practical results; Fifth, persist in resource conservation and sustainable development.
Second, the significance of building a new socialist countryside
Great changes have taken place in rural areas of China since the reform and opening up. The agricultural economy has developed rapidly, farmers' income has increased steadily, and significant progress has been made in rural party building and spiritual civilization construction. But compared with the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, there is still a big gap. Vigorously developing the construction of new socialist countryside is a new platform for doing well the work of agriculture, countryside and farmers, a new way to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers, and a new carrier to promote the greater, faster and better development of rural economy. First of all, building a new socialist countryside is an objective requirement for building a well-off society in an all-round way. Rural areas are the main areas for building a well-off society in an all-round way. Without rural stability and overall progress, there will be no stability and overall progress of the whole society; Without the well-off of farmers, there will be no well-off of the people of the whole country. To achieve the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the key lies in the countryside, with emphasis on the countryside and difficulties in the countryside. Building a new socialist countryside conforms to the law of economic and social development and is an objective requirement for accelerating the construction of a well-off society in an all-round way. Secondly, building a new socialist countryside is an important measure to implement Scientific Outlook on Development. Promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside, adhering to the principles of "people-oriented" and "coordinated development between urban and rural areas", taking all urban and rural residents as the basis, allowing farmers who account for the majority of the population to participate in the development process and enjoy the fruits of development, and realizing coordinated development between urban and rural areas, urbanization and industrialization, and economic and social development will surely lay a solid foundation for building a harmonious society, which is a major measure to implement Scientific Outlook on Development. Thirdly, building a new socialist countryside is a vivid practice of "Theory of Three Represents". Promoting the construction of new socialist countryside, developing agricultural economy, improving rural environment, improving farmers' quality, enriching farmers' material and cultural life, and letting farmers enjoy the fruits of economic and social development fully reflect the development requirements of our party's advanced productive forces, represent the direction of advanced culture, and realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people, which is a distinctive feature of implementing Theory of Three Represents.
Three, adhere to the people-oriented, implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, and comprehensively promote the construction of a new socialist countryside.
1, we should vigorously promote the strategic adjustment of rural industrial structure, cultivate leading industries, and strive to increase farmers' income.
First of all, select the breakthrough point of structural adjustment and comprehensively optimize and upgrade the agricultural and rural industrial structure. In accordance with the requirements of the laws of market economy, following the principles of broadening ideas, broadening channels, diversified business, highlighting characteristics, invigorating the economy and improving efficiency, and in accordance with the direction of improving quality and efficiency and optimizing transformation, make full use of two kinds of resources and two markets inside and outside the region, optimize resource allocation through regional layout adjustment, give full play to resource advantages, and form advantageous production areas and industrial belts as soon as possible; Through the adjustment of product structure, accelerate the development of agricultural products from output-oriented to quality-oriented, characteristic-oriented, high added value and high return rate; By adjusting the rural industrial structure, we will accelerate the development of agricultural products processing industry and service industry, accelerate the transfer of rural surplus labor to non-agricultural industries and cities and towns, make extensive and rational use of agricultural resources, and promote the rationalization of agricultural internal structure and a virtuous circle of industrialization.
Secondly, actively develop the secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, especially the agricultural product processing industry of township enterprises. Accelerating the development of agricultural products processing industry and striving to increase the added value of agricultural products are major strategic issues for adjusting the rural industrial structure, and also great advantages and potentials for agricultural development. In the future, we should develop agriculture with the concept of developing industry, actively develop private enterprises and non-public economy, adapt to the different needs of the market and improve the quality and grade of products according to the principle of multi-level and diversification. We should not only face the urban market, but also pay attention to meeting the requirements of farmers; It is necessary to develop both large-scale processing industries and small enterprises with local flavor and characteristic products, so that the agricultural product processing industry can truly become one of the leading industries to promote the construction of a new socialist countryside.
Third, give play to regional comparative advantages and promote the regionalization and large-scale development of advantageous agricultural products. Vigorously develop characteristic agriculture and ecological agriculture, enlarge and strengthen superior agricultural products, concentrate on cultivating famous brands, enhance the market competitiveness of agricultural products, and promote the leap-forward development of agriculture and rural economy.
2. Actively promote urbanization, accelerate the multi-channel transfer of rural surplus labor force, and expand the space for farmers' employment and income increase.
Years of practice have proved that it is difficult for farmers to get rich by tying a large number of rural surplus labor to the land. To build a new socialist countryside, we must reduce farmers and promote urbanization in order to prosper the countryside. Therefore, we must break the dual pattern of urban-rural division as soon as possible, accelerate the pace of urbanization, make more rural labor force transfer to non-agricultural industries, township enterprises, small towns and cities, gradually reduce farmers, increase farmers' employment opportunities, improve rural per capita resources, and realize the benign interaction between industry and agriculture and urban-rural development. First, speed up the process of urbanization, focus on county towns and central towns with potential for development, improve the residential service, public service and community service functions of small towns, enhance the ability of small towns to absorb labor employment, correctly guide township enterprises to gather in towns, and attach importance to the function of small towns to promote economic development; Second, focus on rural service industries such as agricultural products processing, storage and transportation, vigorously develop secondary and tertiary industries, and realize farmers' local transfer; Third, organize farmers to work and do business in cities, and establish and improve a system of laws and regulations to protect farmers' interests, such as preventing wage arrears, improving the working environment, ensuring the health and safety of farmers and workers, and abolishing all discriminatory and restrictive policies. In the long run, we should do our best to do a good job in rural education. On the one hand, we should vigorously strengthen rural basic education, so that more children of farmers can pass the college entrance examination as soon as possible to achieve high-level transfer; Second, through vocational education, more qualified skilled workers urgently needed by the society will be trained to create favorable conditions for the secondary transfer of rural labor force.
3. Increase investment and services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, improve rural infrastructure construction and improve rural production and living conditions. It is required to further consolidate the achievements of rural tax and fee reform. We will continue to increase investment in agriculture, actively guide social funds to invest in farmland water conservancy capital construction, focus on strengthening the reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs, the renovation of irrigation areas and the construction of rural drinking water safety, strengthen the comprehensive management of small watersheds, and develop water resources in a reasonable and orderly manner according to law. Vigorously implement the radio and television "village-to-village" and "village-to-village telephone" projects. Do a good job in rural infrastructure, promote project construction in the whole village, promote industrialization poverty alleviation and development with characteristic breeding and leading enterprises as the main body, and improve the basic production and living conditions of people in poor villages. Comprehensively integrate the training resources of agriculture, science and technology, education and other departments, improve training capacity, increase services, and promote the transfer of rural surplus labor.
4 to speed up the construction of rural communication and information facilities, improve the circulation system of agricultural products market, and strive to open up the agricultural products market.
Accelerate the construction of rural communication and information facilities, especially the Internet, collect information on modern agricultural science and technology, supply and demand trends and price changes in domestic and foreign agricultural products markets through the Internet, establish a corresponding forecasting system, and release relevant information to farmers on a regular basis, so that farmers' agricultural production can be closely linked with domestic and foreign markets, and agricultural products production can better meet the consumption needs of domestic and foreign markets. Encourage leading enterprises and distributors to expand their business network and sales space. Implement the strategy of "being driven by capable people", strengthen the construction of farmers' brokers, cultivate various professional cooperative organizations and industry associations, and improve the degree of farmers' organization. Strengthen the awareness of quality and safety of agricultural products, effectively strengthen animal epidemic prevention, rectify and standardize the agricultural resources market, and ensure agricultural production and agricultural product safety.
5. Coordinated development, taking the road of energy conservation, environmental protection and sustainable development.
To build a new socialist countryside, we must put sustainable development in a very prominent position and adhere to the basic national policies of family planning, environmental protection and resource protection. It is necessary to do a good job in returning farmland to forests, increase the comprehensive development of forestry, promote the industrialization of ecological construction, and make industrial development ecological. Adhere to the strategy of sustainable development, correctly handle the relationship between economic development and population, resources and environment, and promote the coordination and harmony between man and nature. Adhere to the basic national policy of family planning, further reduce the fertility level and improve the quality of the population. Strengthen the planning, management, protection and rational utilization of resources, adhere to both rational development and conservation, and enhance the ability of resources to ensure sustainable economic and social development.
6. Strengthen the construction of rural social security system.
First, establish basic laws and regulations such as rural medical insurance, rural endowment insurance and rural minimum living security as soon as possible. This is the key to the establishment of rural social security system. Its function is to stabilize rural social economy, promote rural economic growth, alleviate various social contradictions in rural areas, make rural social security work in an orderly manner according to law, and provide rural population with medical insurance, old-age insurance and minimum living security. The second is to raise rural pooling funds and pension funds through multiple channels. Effectively improve the living conditions of rural residents and make urban and rural areas develop more harmoniously. Third, effective supervision, management and use of rural pooling funds and pension funds.
7. Expand grassroots democracy and promote the construction of democracy and legal system in rural areas.
First, strengthen the leadership of the party and promote the construction of democracy and legal system at the grassroots level in rural areas. Second, pay close attention to rural legal education, constantly improve farmers' legal quality and cultivate farmers' awareness of democracy and legal system. Make full use of backbone training, news media, legal workers and other forms and ways to widely publicize, improve farmers' legal quality, and enhance their ability to act according to law and participate in village management and supervision. The third is to implement villagers' autonomy and standardize the system of establishing rules and regulations. In accordance with the principle of "establishing rules and regulations according to law, governing villages by system, democratic management and democratic supervision", let the masses educate themselves and let cadres self-discipline. Taking the democratic decision-making system of village affairs as a breakthrough, we can solve the hot and difficult problems in rural areas, so as to improve the enthusiasm and initiative of farmers to participate in village affairs management, fully exercise the democratic rights endowed by laws and regulations, and formulate practical and operable work norms. Fourth, strengthen comprehensive management and maintain rural social and economic stability. It is necessary to intensify the investigation and crackdown on cases of violation of law and discipline in rural areas. We should pay close attention to * * * management, create * * * construction, mobilize all social forces to actively participate, do a good job in comprehensive rural management, and maintain rural social and economic stability. Fifth, give play to the role of villagers' autonomous organizations and strengthen the functions of villagers' self-management and self-service. Combine phased centralized rectification with daily management, establish and improve village rules and regulations, carry out all kinds of positive mass appraisal activities, encourage the advanced to spur the backward, and push the new rural construction onto the track of institutionalization and standardization.
8, strengthen training and education, improve the comprehensive quality of farmers.
The core of "three rural issues" is to improve the quality of farmers. It is necessary to further increase investment in rural education and train farmers in various ways. First, provide farmers with vocational skills training for the market, so that they can master new technologies, understand new information and enhance their ability to get rich and develop; The second is legal knowledge training. By learning legal knowledge, we can truly learn, understand, abide by and use the law, and safeguard our legitimate rights and interests from infringement.