Problems needing attention in field practice of zoology

Abstract: Field practice of zoology is an important part of zoology teaching in biology department of normal universities. Specimen collection is a very important link in zoology field practice. I have taken students as interns for many years and summarized several problems that should be paid attention to in practice teaching.

Keywords: zoology field practice specimen collection

Zoology field practice is one of the important links in zoology teaching, and it is a key step to master the basic theories and methods of zoology and combine zoology theory with practice. In the field practice of zoology, specimen collection is an important part of the practice content. Specimen collection helps students to identify and classify wild animal species, and can enhance the teaching effect of botany, zoology and ecology and other related courses. At the same time, the process of specimen collection can also enable students to develop good habits of patience and meticulousness, enhance their awareness of ecological protection and improve their comprehensive quality.

Specimen collection is a complicated and meticulous action [1]. Every detail of specimen collection will have problems, which will affect the identification and classification of animals, thus greatly reducing the teaching effect of field practice. Next, based on my experience in leading students to do field practice in zoology in recent years, I will talk about several problems that should be paid attention to in specimen collection in zoology practice.

1 sample collection should be comprehensive.

There are many kinds of animals, and different animals are distributed in different environments. In other words, the collection of specimens should be comprehensive, not only crawling on the surface, flying in the air, but also collecting in soil and water. In the actual collection, students tend to pay attention to the big and ignore the small, prefer the bright and hate the dark, pay attention to adults and ignore larvae, pay attention to flying and forget to hide, pay attention to land and ignore water. The samples collected at the same time should be intact, otherwise there is no need to save them. For example, the classification of insects is based on tentacles, mouthparts, feet, wings and deformed types. If the collected insects have broken antennae, mouthparts, wings and feet, the classification basis will be lost, and the collected so-called specimens will lose their preservation value if they lack classification basis or have incomplete basis.

2 Prepare appropriate acquisition tools.

In order to collect comprehensive and complete specimens, corresponding collection tools are needed. For example, if you want to collect aquatic animals, you must have fishing nets and plankton nets; If you want to collect insects in the grass, you have to sweep the net; If you want to collect centipedes, scorpions and so on. There should be hoes and tweezers under the stone; If you want to catch flying insects, you need insect nets. For special animals, special collection tools are needed. For example, COLEOPTERA insects generally have the habit of feign death. Most COLEOPTERA insects eat leaves of plants, such as trees. We can spread the umbrella with hooks in advance, hang it upside down on the branches with hooks, and shake the trunk vigorously, so that bugs will fall into the umbrella and be collected. For poisonous animals, the collected poisonous animals can be put into poisonous bottles (which can be made of potassium cyanide, peach kernel, ether, etc. ) poisoning or anesthesia, and then processing and preservation.

3 collection should be patient and meticulous

Before collecting, we should make a careful collection plan. After arriving at the collection point, in order to fully observe and identify the local animals, try not to be found by animals. Move lightly, speak softly, try to keep quiet, and wear colors close to the environment. Each acquisition team and each member should cooperate with each other. Don't start collecting samples immediately after you find them. Observe and record their habitats and habits first, then take photos, fill in the collection record card, and then collect.

4 the collection should be recorded.

In the field practice of zoology, the students are very enthusiastic, and they can collect many animal specimens in one day, which is quite fruitful. But it is easy to ignore the record of animal specimen collection. The collection of animal specimens needs to be recorded in time, including the collection place, collection time, name of the collector and the surrounding environment, such as temperature, humidity, altitude, latitude and longitude, etc. Otherwise, even if the collected individual animal specimens are complete, there is not much preservation significance, because others don't know where the specimens were collected, when they appeared, and so on.

Pay attention to the protection of animal resources and ecological environment when collecting specimens.

Animals are renewable resources and should be protected reasonably when collecting resources. In the field practice of zoology, it is not necessary to collect and kill too many specimens, as long as the species can be identified. At the same time, for some special animals, we should adopt a new non-destructive collection method instead of the traditional one [2]. For example, for vertebrates, animals protected by the state are not allowed to be killed, even if they are not protected by the state, such as birds, they are not allowed to be killed at will, so we should adopt a non-destructive collection method, that is, we can observe them through telescopes and record their living environment and posture with cameras. The best way to record their chirping with a tape recorder is to record their shape, posture, chirping, courtship, hatching, feeding and their surrounding living environment with a camera. This way is more conducive to the protection of animal resources.

6. The concept of collecting specimens should be renewed.

Specimen collection is an important part of zoology field practice. However, in the past, there was a big problem in specimen collection, that is, attaching importance to collection and ignoring research, attaching importance to entity collection and ignoring the collection of images and other materials. In this way, the specimens collected by students are either permanently soaked in the specimen jar or simply thrown away after reading, which causes great waste and destruction to wild resources; At the same time, because students focus on how to collect specimens, the observation and research on specimens are often ignored.

Therefore, in addition to the collection and classification of specimens, it is also necessary to emphasize that students have a deeper understanding of the relationship between animals and the environment in practice, so the work to be done is not to collect more specimens, but to observe and study them more comprehensively. At the same time, we should also use more modern equipment and acquisition technology. For example, the image data collected by cameras and video cameras are more colorful, intuitive and vivid than the traditional physical data, and are more conducive to the subsequent media teaching; In addition, blood, hair and DNA samples can be collected without harming animals, and the animal samples can be analyzed and studied by means of genetics and molecular biology.

7 Pay attention to personal safety when collecting.

The environment of zoology field practice is all in the wild. The wild environment is complex, including poisonous snakes, centipedes and scorpions. Lurking in the grass, there are all kinds of bees on the tree. You should put on protective clothing before collecting animals. You should tie your trouser legs in socks and cuff him. In addition to the necessary practice tools, it is best to bring a stick with a fork to prevent being bitten by a snake, as well as snake medicine and other detoxification drugs. At the same time, always pay attention to your feet and take safety precautions when collecting.

Generally speaking, specimen collection is an important part of field practice teaching of zoology. In practice, only careful arrangement, careful planning, correct treatment, cautious action and patient waiting can the task of specimen collection be completed well.

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