The Pig Eight Rings in Journey to the West not only has the ability and magical power of God, but also has the characteristics of gluttony and lethargy of pigs. Some people's hard-working, honest and straightforward qualities and selfish, lewd and lazy habits embody the perfect combination of God, pig and man in him. The main features of the image of Pig Bajie are as follows:
Greed, but "greed" is not picky. The pig is greedy, so to speak, he is hungry for food. In the eighteenth time in the book, Gao Taigong said that he "eats more intestines: he has to eat three or five buckets of rice for a meal; In the morning snacks, you need a hundred biscuits to win, and you are vegetarian when you are happy. " In the twenty-fourth chapter of the book, he wrote about his greedy face after swallowing ginseng fruit, but he still wanted to eat it, not knowing what it tasted like; In the forty-seventh chapter of the book, because of eating too much, Chen Jiazhuang's servant called it "polished brick throat is really slippery"; Back to the fifty-fourth session, at the banquet in the East Pavilion of Guoguang Road Temple in Xiliang, Bajie cooked all kinds of "mala Tang" (P758-759). The most attractive words for Bajie are "Zhai" and "Mi". Queen Xiliang taught her to take three Jin of imperial rice, and Bajie heard the word "rice". I have no food. After a while, I added soup and rice, but I ate nothing. The wine inspector came and he drank without hesitation. "I was cheated by a white monster with a delicious temper; The Tang Priest called him an animal who ate in the trough and had an itchy stomach. Even more often, the Monkey King tricked him into helping him with his work by enticing him to eat delicious food. He was teased and teased. It can be said that Pig Bajie only eats to fill his stomach and doesn't care about delicious food.
Sleepy, but "greedy". Bajie is sleepy. For example, in Chapter 28 of the book, on the way to the black pine forest to fast, he thought, "If I go back and tell the old monk that there is no place to fast, he won't believe that I have walked so many ways ... let it be, just sleep in this grass branch." (P382) I don't think about anxiety masters at all. Let it be in chapter 32 of the book.
Greedy for money, but "greed" does not take it away. Pig Bajie loves money and things, and steals cotton vests when no one is around. When he saw the wealth, he was very happy. He wanted to receive the gold and platinum he got. The thirty-eighth time, the Monkey King tricked Pig Bajie into salvaging the king's body in the well in the middle of the night, and Bajie really worked hard to get down to the Crystal Palace of the Dragon King. (P528) Back to the 76th session, the Monkey King took a pig with a fake hook. Bajie finally confessed to the private house with 40 cents and 60 cents hidden in his left ear. (P 1056) In the 94th time, King Tianzhu kept Tang Priest as his son-in-law, and gave three disciples ten ingots of gold and twenty ingots of platinum, which Bajie accepted. (P 1288) Pig wants such wealth because he is an ordinary worker.
Piglets are greedy, but not lewd. Whenever she sees a beautiful young woman, even if she is a monster, she will keep shouting about the female bodhisattva in her mouth and thinking about the female bodhisattva, so she is considered exhausted. In 18, Tian Pengyuan Shuai was expelled from heaven because she was drunk and "lust is like heaven, thunder is like thunder". Unable to move. Although Gao Cuilan was captured, she didn't catch her. On the 23rd, Pig Bajie lusted after the wealth and beauty of the four Notre Dames, but suffered a big loss and made a big mistake. When she saw Bai's beauty, she was moved to run away with epilepsy like a pig. After seeing the queen of the girl country, "I can't help but drool and my heart hits the deer." For a while, her bones were weak and numb like a pig. " Unconsciously, everything is gone. "The wind is coming, stay and marry the queen. The 72nd time, in the spring of Zhuo Wei, it just turned into a catfish, and for a period of time (P999), it didn't have sex with Spider Spirit. On the contrary, when playing spider essence, it is more ruthless than the Monkey King. For the 95th time, in full view. I am playing with you. " (P 1297) These behaviors can be said to be unchangeable at best, but they have not reached the level of "lewdness", which can be called "lewdness without lewdness". Even the Tathagata Buddha commented that they were "pornographic" after their achievements.
Fighting is brave, but easy to shake. Pig and Pig fought bravely and never gave in to the devil. As long as he can, he will try his best to kill the enemy unequivocally, and a nine-toothed rake of 5,048 Jin makes him extremely brave. As long as the genie is no match for him, he always fights with the Monkey King. Many times, for example, he killed Tiger Pioneer with a rake in the Yellow Wind Tunnel, Liushahe hit Sha Wujing, Huoyun hit Hong Haier in the cave, and scorpion in the Pipa Cave. When Luo Zhuang, the camel, caught the boa constrictor, this idiot helped the Monkey King desperately. It is commendable that although he was captured by monsters many times, he never surrendered and gave in. He is always cursing, yelling at monsters and struggling desperately. However, Zhu Bajie wavered when he encountered difficulties and backed out. When he was about to embark on a journey to learn from the scriptures, Pig Bajie "walked up to his mother-in-law, aunt, second aunt, uncle and all his relatives:" You are still alive. I'm afraid we won't get the scriptures, so we can go back to the customs and have fun with your son-in-law. "On the way to learn the scriptures, I encountered a little setback, especially when the Tang Priest was caught by a monster. Pig Bajie always clamored for the luggage to be disbanded and clamored to go back to Gao Laozhuang to be his son-in-law. Chapter seventy-five is about the three demon kings in the cave of lion camel ridge, which contains the so-called treasure of yin and yang jars, which will turn into pus when they enter. Pig was in a hurry and said to Sha Wujing, "Bring the luggage and I'll share it with you. Friar Sand asked, "Brother, what's the difference?" ? Pig said, "When we are separated, everyone has a fire: you go to Liusha River to eat people. "I went to Gao Zhuang zi to see my muddy home. I sold my white horse and bought a life buoy from Master. "
Selfish, but can take care of the overall situation. Many times, Zhu Bajie always thinks about himself first to avoid injury and disaster. For example, in the twentieth time, "Brother, you haven't heard of' avoiding color like avoiding enemies, avoiding wind like avoiding arrows'! If we hide, we won't lose anyone. " (P273) 2 1, "I know! I know! You should go! The old pig learns the tortoise method, and if it has to be retracted, it will be retracted. " ([P290] 4th1time, "Brother! You were told by that demon. You really haven't kept up with the times. The ancients said,' He who knows the current situation is called Jie Jun.' Demons won't kiss you. You must recognize your relatives. "Even if I bet you that I would let out such a ruthless fire, I wouldn't leave, but I still want to fight with him!" Show a selfish mentality. But at the critical moment, he can take care of the overall situation and take responsibility bravely. He did all the heavy and dirty work on the way to learn from the scriptures. Like picking luggage, carrying corpses, burying heads and picking rare persimmons, the Monkey King didn't want to do all the heavy and dirty work, but Pig Bajie did. He can stand up at the critical moment when there are many monsters. If Pig Bajie doesn't go to war,
Simple and honest, straightforward, coarse and fine. Pig Bajie almost never hides his desires. He has a carefree innocence free from all bondage. Although he was often teased and reprimanded by the Monkey King, he was resentful but not hateful, sad but not painful, and still listened to his words, ignored them and enjoyed himself. Although he is simple-minded most of the time, he can sometimes be rough and detailed to win skillfully. It can be said that there is a trace of wisdom in stupidity. For example, in Chapter 41 of the book, Bajie massaged and rubbed the Monkey King, and the Monkey King was unconscious. In chapter 48, the horseshoe is wrapped in straw to prevent it from slipping on the river ice. In Chapter 31, Pig used his quick wits to persuade the Monkey King to leave Huaguoshan to save the Tang Priest, which showed his wisdom even more.
Lazy and slippery, he can work hard. Although Zhu Bajie is lazy, he can bear hardships and stand hard work. In Gaolaozhuang, Zhu Bajie "swept the floor, dug ditches, moved bricks and tiles, built soil against the wall, plowed and raked the ground, planted wheat and rice seedlings, and started a family business". Another example is "plowing and raking for the old father-in-law, without ox-ploughing tools;" Harvesting Tian He without a knife and a staff "shows his great strength and efforts. Pig Bajie did a lot of dirty work on the way to get the scriptures, picking "four vines, eight ropes long, and three or four layers of felt to prevent rain." The plaque is still sad and slippery, with nails nailed at both ends. Copper inlaid iron nine-ring staff beat, silk vines wrapped around a cloak. " Sixty-four times in the book, he was full of energy, held his head high, raked up the 800-mile thorn ridge with a rake, and humorously added two sentences to the stone tablet: "From now on, the eight quit can be broken, and the Buddhist paradise road is flat." In the sixty-seventh chapter of the book, he became a big pig who braved the stench and arched persimmon street for 800 miles with his mouth.
Second, the comic image of Zhu Bajie
Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher, said in Poetics: "Comedy is an imitation of a bad person. However,' bad' does not mean all evils, but ugliness, one of which is funny. Funny things are some kind of mistakes or ugliness that won't cause pain or harm. " The image of Pig Bajie is inconsistent in appearance, inside and outside, absurd and full of contradictions. This comic color is mainly reflected in.
The first is the name of Pig Bajie. The so-called Pig Bajie refers to the eight commandments that Buddhists must abide by. To be precise, it should be called Zhai Yi the Pig. Pig Bajie means: no killing, no stealing, no adultery, no nonsense, no drinking, no sesame oil, no singing and dancing, no big bed. Pig Bajie has the habit of greed, greed, greed and laziness. Although called a pig,
Second, the appearance of Pig Bajie. Pig eight quit looks like a pig. In the eighth chapter of the book, he wrote that he "has a dirty lotus hanging from his mouth, ears like cattail fans, teeth as sharp as steel files, and his mouth as open as a brazier." Pig Bajie is ugly, with a long mouth, big ears, mane at the back of his head and rough body, and looks like a pig. He has the ability to walk around and change. Fat and bloated posture, coupled with pig Bajie's gluttony, lethargy and laziness, are all concentrated on pig Bajie, who eats exaggeratedly and sleeps regardless of the venue, so that this "plain" and "rammed" feature constantly creates a comic artistic conception. Greedy, sleepy and clumsy all conform to the habits of pigs.
Third, Pig's weapon. Although Pig Bajie's nine-toothed rake is a treasure, the Monkey King said that it is a gardener who grows vegetables, and Friar Sand also said, "Look at your rusty rake, you still have to hoe the ground to grow vegetables." Many monsters laughed at Pig Bajie's rake along the way. It is ok to hoe the ground with a rake, but it is full of banter and adds a lot of comedy as a weapon.
The fourth is the change of Zhu Bajie. There are thirty-six changes in Zhu Bajie, but we can't do it at will. Can only be replaced by something heavy. For example, it can only change mountains, trees, stones, mounds, elephants, pigs, buffaloes and camels. Chapter 47 of the book "I turned my head completely, just like a girl's face, but my stomach was fat and I didn't like Lang Heng".
Fifth, Zhu Bajie's words and deeds. Pig is ugly and thinks he is beautiful. He is stupid, incompetent, intelligent, simple, honest and narrow-minded. He has a strong comic color. He secretly saved his money when it was so difficult to get the scriptures. On the way to learn from the scriptures, Zhu Bajie kept making mistakes and constantly correcting his own mistakes, often taking the consequences. He was afraid that the Monkey King would take the lead and help him out, but he hid in the grass to sleep. He has a frank and lovely side. He made up a lie about a stone in Pingdingshan, thinking that it was watertight, but Wukong caught him red-handed. Pig Bajie took the initiative to carry Wukong to the bottom, but he was teased. Among the three apprentices, Tang Yan was more tolerant of Pig Bajie, but after Tang Yan was captured, Pig Bajie repeatedly clamored for separation, regardless of the master's life safety. the Monkey King said, "One day counts." The rhetoric of "lifelong fatherhood" is in sharp contrast. Obviously looks like a pig, but Pig Bajie often says, "Who in the world can see that men are ugly?" "Ugliness is ugliness, but if you look at it, you will be handsome after a while." "Talent is handsome, but useless. I have several slogans from my own ugliness: although my body is ugly, diligence has its merits. " "We are ugly from the beginning." In the forty-fourth chapter of the book, Zhu Bajie threw Sanqing into the toilet, praying that he would become an indignant god. It has become a concept of positive results and status, arguing that the Tathagata Group is unfairly distributed. This kind of teasing can't help but make people feel happy and then laugh out loud. Pig Bajie called his brother in front of Wukong, but as soon as he left the Monkey King, he called him Ma Wen, which shows children's hobbies and psychological characteristics. No longer hateful, but lovely. Literature is the writing of Zhu Bajie, which is closer to his ideology and personality characteristics. Only Pig Bajie can speak the characteristic language with comedy color. In order to achieve his goal, Pig Bajie shouted out the classic words "It is better to bury a monk alive than to have a full stomach", "Kill people according to the official law, starve to death according to the Buddhist law", "Eat a meal without a corpse and no fat in his stomach", and even said humorously that "dried fish can be used as a pillow with a cat". He even laughed at Wukong and said, "My brother didn't study. There is a sentence "Shangguan Ouyang" behind "Hundred Family Names". He showed his insight, especially when Hong Haier set it on fire on the 41st time. Pig Bajie said nervously, "Cook the old pig, add spices and let it work for him!" The language is humorous and personalized, and the comedy effect on the stage is created with gag language.
Sixth, Zhu Bajie's ideal and the reality he faced. Pig Bajie's ideal is to live a life style of "men plow and women weave music fields" for ordinary people. Fundamentally speaking, Zhu Bajie's meditation is a kind of helplessness in life, and he prefers to live a farm life in Gaolaozhuang. Because Pig Bajie has a strong "son-in-law complex", he has always wanted to live a stable life as a small producer. After joining the Buddhist team, he became a monk as a pig with strong desire. Fire and water are incompatible. Pig Bajie basically has no religious belief, because he is a layman, who only pursues the present and the present enjoyment of life and does not believe in the future. Pig eight quit to eat a lot, but not as good as the Monkey King's vegetarian skills, often go hungry. The color heart still exists, but without the handsome appearance of Tang Priest, the dream of being adopted by the son-in-law all ended in disillusionment; Being lazy and slippery was scolded and discriminated by his master and disciples, so Pig Bajie, who suffered a lot, often complained that he would break up and return to Gaolaozhuang. The contradiction between ideal and reality not only caused a lot of comedies, but also magnified the absurdity of Pig Bajie, which made people laugh. Finally, he was named as the messenger of the net altar by the Tathagata, which indicated that Zhu Bajie, who was full of contradictory personality, finally defeated himself in a comedy way and completed the perfection of human nature, divinity and beast.
Third, the image significance of Pig Bajie
The image of Zhu Bajie is of great significance to the times. In The Journey to the West, Zhu Bajie is not used to or even hates the long-term travel life. He is helpless in protecting monks from learning Buddhist scriptures. Therefore, in case of disaster on the way to the west, he is always the first to retreat and break up, clamoring to go back to Gao Laozhuang as a son-in-law and farm for a living. This feeling of returning to the land, caring for home and longing for a settled life is also a typical farmer's consciousness and psychology attached to the land for a long time. Pig Bajie is a typical embodiment of working people from rural areas. He has a stubborn and conservative psychology of guarding the formation of the land, which is in opposition to God, Taoism and Buddhism, and shows the life aspirations of ordinary working people. Pig Bajie is greedy for money, lustful and selfish, which also shows the precipitation of lust and good goods in Ming Dynasty, reflecting the consciousness characteristics of small producers and ordinary citizens at that time, and has the ideological characteristics of that era. Because, with the development of commodity economy in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the new class of citizens in China grew further and began to play an important role in society. However, because the declining feudal economy in China is still very strong, the whole society is still dominated by the natural economy. Therefore, there are still two factors, progressive and conservative, in the new citizen class of Ming Dynasty. The image of Pig Bajie is universal among the citizens in Ming Dynasty, and it is an "artistic image full of human desires". It is the representative of the peasant class in China's traditional social life and has the characteristics of citizens.
The image of Zhu Bajie has contemporary significance. Pig Bajie acts spontaneously and has a flamboyant personality. His natural nature is rooted in that he is a representative everyman. An ordinary, conscientious, reluctant, and always back down; An object that can be easily ridiculed and teased by people from top to bottom, an image from the people with the advantages and disadvantages of human nature, therefore, it has the contemporary significance of catering to popular culture. For example, some folk allegorical sayings: pig-backed daughter-in-law is thankless; Pig eight quit to rake-one hand; Pig eight quit to pick out his ears-there are goods in it; Pig Bajie molested Chang 'e-he didn't weigh himself. There are also several film and television works about Pig Bajie, such as Pig Bajie in Spring. The reason why Zhu Bajie is so popular in contemporary mass culture is mainly related to his affinity and the spiritual needs of people today. Therefore, in contemporary society, the image of Zhu Bajie has universal significance.