Research on coal mine excavation engineering technology

With the rapid development of society and economy, a lot of energy is wasted in the pursuit of benefits. How to make full use of resources has become a hot research direction. As a big coal country, China conducts research on coal mining, summarizes and analyzes the existing mining technologies, and finds out the problems and shortcomings in various mining technologies and methods, so as to obtain efficient, high utilization rate, low energy consumption and environmental protection mining methods and apply them to actual mining.

Keywords: tunnel technology; Tunnel equipment; Driving efficiency

1. Coal mining status

China's coal industry mainly adopts underground mining. In 2005, 90.72% of the raw coal output of state-owned coal mining enterprises came from underground mining. The geographical conditions in China are mostly mountainous, which leads to the complex and diverse occurrence conditions of coal seams and uneven thickness of coal seams, ranging from tens of meters on the surface to tens of meters underground. In order to exploit coal resources, it is usually necessary to dig a large number of coal mine shafts. In 2005, the original state-owned key coal mines had a total driving footage of 7464.6km and a mining depth of more than 6300 km, accounting for 84.6% of the total; In that year, the footage of mechanized comprehensive mining in the former state-owned key coal mines was 193 1.4km, accounting for 25.87% of the total, and the cumulative excavation amount was less than one third of the total. Up to now, there are 1402 working faces in the former state-owned key coal mines. In order to ensure the normal production handover, * * * has a total of 3986 heading faces, including heading faces 1038, and the ratio of heading faces to mining faces is 3: 1. In order to promote the synchronous development of mining mechanization and meet the needs of more than 500 fully mechanized mining faces at present, with the continuous development of social science and technology, the coal mine tunneling engineering technology has also kept pace with the times, and the annual output of more than 1000 million tons has been put into trial use in China, greatly improving the mining efficiency and mining capacity of coal mines, making the coal mine tunneling engineering technology more and more efficient and low-consumption green mining technology.

2. Tunnel excavation methods and techniques

At present, there are three main ways to efficiently drive coal roadway in China: the first is a coal mine technology suitable for high efficiency and high yield, which is only used in a few mining areas and is still in the experimental stage; The second is to use continuous shearer and anchor drilling machine to support mining operations. This mining method is widely used in Shendong, Wan Li and Erdos mining areas in China. In the state of continuous mining of tunneling shearer, the coal mining method of multi-lane tunneling cross transposition construction is more widely used than the first one. The third type, comprehensive mechanized driving of coal roadway, is widely used in key coal mining faces in China, mainly through the cooperation of cantilever roadheader and single anchor drilling rig.

2. 1 High-efficiency and high-yield mine mining technology

In order to adapt to the rapid development of bolt support technology, so as to realize the rapid and efficient excavation of coal roadway, the rapid excavation equipment in major coal mining countries in the world is constantly developing and progressing. As a kind of equipment integrating tunneling and anchoring, the anchor drilling machine is suitable for high-efficiency and high-yield coal mine roadway to meet the requirements of high-efficiency tunneling. The research and development of this new model is based on cantilever drive and continuous shearer. In terms of technical principle, the integrated equipment of excavation and anchor adopted in high-efficiency and high-yield coal mine technology has made the excavation technology progress in a coordinated way, greatly reducing the working time of excavation and the use of excavation machinery in coal mine production, from the previous two machines of excavation and support to the same machine. At present, the mainstream anchor digging units are divided into two categories: the first category is the anchor digging machine of the cantilever roadheader airborne anchor machine; The second one is an anchor mining device based on continuous miner.

2.2 Application of Continuous Shearer

As a comprehensive mechanized coal mining equipment integrating coal dropping, coal loading and coal moving, the continuous miner is a kind of coal mining machine with large section width, which mainly adopts short-wall mining and adopts double-lane or multi-lane rapid excavation with rectangular cross section. Widely used abroad, it is the leader of modern high-yield and high-efficiency mining equipment. This kind of equipment was first introduced to China in 1979, and has developed from the initial single machine to the present complete set of equipment, which is mainly used for large-section coal roadway excavation and short-wall mining.

2.3 the use of cantilever roadheader

As the key equipment of comprehensive mechanized driving in coal roadway, cantilever roadheader's comprehensive performance is suitable for China's current national conditions and plays an important role in improving driving efficiency and driving size. This technology mainly combines cantilever roadheader, telescopic belt conveyor, loader, single anchor drilling rig, ventilation and dust removal equipment and power supply system, thus forming a comprehensive mechanized drive chain. At present, the annual output of this kind of equipment in China has exceeded 1000 sets, and more than 20 models have been developed and manufactured according to the field situation, which has formed the prototype of serialized products and generally met the domestic market demand.

3. Tunnel management technology

In the process of mining coal resources, advanced mining equipment certainly plays an important role, but it is also of great practical significance to adopt new management methods. Through advanced management technology, productivity can also be formed, and the safety and reliability of the project can be guaranteed on the premise of increasing output. Tunnel management technology with high efficiency and practical application value includes the following aspects:

3. 1 information management technology

As the most basic management data, information collection is particularly important for any management technology. The most fundamental purpose of coal resources development lies in economic benefits. There are many factors that affect the change of coal price, such as transportation cost, international and domestic market demand, political factors and new alternative energy sources. Therefore, it is particularly important to collect and update coal price data in time. According to the change of price, if it is found to be on the rise in advance, if the mining volume is increased, the profit will be greatly increased; In the same way, if we find that the price is falling, thus reducing the amount of coal mining, we can reduce the losses caused by the price collapse; If we can grasp the first-hand information about price changes, we will have a strategic advantage over other miners, and we can formulate corresponding measures in advance to reduce risks and increase profits as much as possible. In other aspects, the transportation cost will change according to the price of gasoline, road conditions and ships, and will eventually be added to the cost price of coal; World-wide competition and demand, import and export tax standards, relevant policies of various countries, etc. It will also affect the price fluctuation of coal import and export. The price of coal reflects the state of the world economy in some ways.

3.2 Safety management technology

The most important but easily overlooked problem in any engineering project is safety in production. Managers often pursue the maximization of interests, and miners often operate irregularly because of inertia, which eventually leads to the tragedy of shaft collapse and casualties, which not only damages the reputation of enterprises, but also greatly increases the unexpected expenditure cost of enterprises. Among the mine disasters that have occurred over the years, the most common and harmful accidents are mainly divided into two categories: mine flooding accidents and wellbore combustible gas explosion accidents. In view of the mine water seepage accident, on the one hand, from the equipment, through strengthening equipment management, regularly check the drainage system, and detect whether there are hidden dangers such as water leakage and blockage in the drainage pipe; Check whether the drainage pump is faulty, whether the drainage pump and emergency power supply are replaced, and whether the standby pump and emergency power supply can work normally. On the other hand, starting from the safety awareness of personnel, we should formulate sound safety rules and regulations and a complete system of safety rules and regulations, determine the annual safety target by improving the assessment mechanism of Ganquan, and implement the safety responsibility to individuals.

3.3 Personnel management technology

In any engineering project, the ultimate executor is the person himself, and the machinery, equipment and management technology only play an auxiliary role. In coal mining engineering, personnel are the most important. Personnel are not only miners in coal mines, but their comprehensive quality affects the output and quality of products of coal mining enterprises and represents one of the core competitiveness of the same industry. First of all, with the top-down management system, managers must set an example, and their quality affects the whole team. Strengthening the quality and ability of managers mainly includes the following aspects: (1) managers' understanding level of information technology; (2) the ability of managers to deal with emergencies and respond to emergencies; (3) the practical application level of new tools by managers; (4) The manager instills and urges safety measures; (5) Managers' understanding of personnel transfer is clear and reasonable; (6) the professional quality of managers and so on. Secondly, strengthen the basic quality of employees, such as strengthening the safety awareness of employees; Strengthen employees' self-inspection ability, as well as enhance employees' escape skills and self-help ability. In short, people-oriented, personnel management system is the basis and premise of all technology implementation.

4. Conclusion

With the rapid development of society, new energy sources are constantly being developed, but at present, coal resources still occupy an important part in China's main energy resources, and China, as a populous country, has a high demand for coal in energy consumption. Under the current social background, it is particularly important to choose efficient, low-cost, safe and reliable coal mining methods and efficient management methods and technologies for cost-effective coal resources.

References:

[1] Li Jianmin, Zhang Zhiyan, application of fast and efficient mechanized integrated production line in the construction of large-section rock roadway in Jing Quan [J] Coal Mine Electromechanical, 20 10(5)

[2] Chai Jing, Zhang Zheng and Gao Xihai. Driving Technology of Fully Mechanized Coal Roadway in Shizuishan No.2 Mine [J] Coal Science and Technology, 20 1 1(4)

[3] Application and development of Yang Chunhai's supporting equipment for rapid excavation of coal roadway [C]// Proceedings of the 2007 symposium of short-wall mechanized mining professional committee, 2009

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