Article 1
Logistics and Logistics Management under E-commerce
Abstract: In recent years, as a new business model, e-commerce has brought an unprecedented industrial change to mankind, and the result of this change is to bring mankind into the information society. However, in the development of e-commerce, people find that logistics, as the support of online business activities of tangible goods, not only becomes an obstacle to online business activities of tangible goods, but also a key factor for the smooth progress of online business activities of tangible goods. Therefore, logistics has become an urgent problem in the development of e-commerce.
Keywords: e-commerce logistics management
1. Modern logistics is a necessary condition for the development of e-commerce.
1. 1 Modern logistics technology has created conditions for the rapid promotion of e-commerce.
E-commerce is a commercial transaction between participants through electronic means. Usually, every successful e-commerce transaction involves four aspects: the transfer of commodity ownership, the payment of money, the acquisition and application of relevant information and the transfer of the commodity itself, namely, business flow, capital flow, information flow and logistics. Among them, business flow is the essence, logistics is the foundation, information flow is the bridge, and capital flow is the purpose. Every day, there are millions of business transactions all over the world. Behind every business transaction, there is logistics and information flow, which trading partners need to transmit, track, sort, receive, store, extract and package products. In the highly developed information-based e-commerce era, the cooperation between logistics and information flow becomes more and more important, and more and more modern logistics technologies will be applied to supply chain management.
Logistics technology refers to all the professional technologies related to the activities of logistics elements, including various operation methods and management skills, such as distribution processing technology, article packaging technology, article identification technology, article real-time tracking technology and so on. Logistics technology also includes logistics planning, logistics evaluation, logistics design and logistics strategy. With the popularization of computer network technology, many modern technologies are integrated into logistics technology, such as GIS, GPS, EDI, bar code and so on. The successful experience and normative integration of logistics industry in adopting some modern information technologies paved the way for the popularization of e-commerce.
1.2 logistics distribution system is the supporting system of e-commerce.
Modern logistics distribution can provide various services for e-commerce users. According to the characteristics of e-commerce, the whole logistics distribution system is managed in a unified way. Logistics distribution enterprises carry out goods sorting and distribution operations in the logistics base according to the requirements of users' online ordering, and distribute the goods with numbers to the consignee according to the optimal distribution route selected by the computer. Advanced distribution methods are of great significance for logistics enterprises to improve service quality, reduce logistics costs and optimize social inventory allocation, thus improving economic and social benefits. As an effective way of logistics organization, modern distribution represents the development direction of modern marketing and is a revolution to traditional logistics.
1.3 logistics distribution system improves the efficiency of social and economic implementation.
Logistics distribution enterprises adopt networked computer technology, modern hardware equipment, software systems and advanced management methods to sort, allocate, arrange, divide and distribute goods in strict accordance with users' ordering requirements, and deliver them to all kinds of users regularly, regularly and quantitatively to meet their needs for goods. Logistics distribution has become a pioneer of innovation in the circulation field with a brand-new look, representing the main direction of modern marketing. Compared with the traditional logistics mode, the new logistics distribution is easier to realize informationization, automation, modernization, socialization, intelligence and simplification, so that goods can flow smoothly and make the best use of them. It can not only reduce the inventory of production enterprises, speed up capital turnover, improve logistics efficiency and reduce logistics costs, but also meet social needs and promote healthy economic development.
2. E-commerce requirements for logistics and distribution
2. 1 Improve the degree of informatization
The informatization of logistics distribution is manifested in the database and coding of logistics information collection, computerization of electronic combination of logistics information processing, standardization and real-time transmission of information, and digitalization of logistics information storage. Therefore, advanced management strategies such as bar code technology, database technology, electronic ordering system, electronic data exchange, radio frequency technology, management information system and enterprise resource planning should be vigorously promoted and applied in China's logistics and distribution enterprises.
2.2 Improve the function of logistics management system and improve the quality of after-sales service.
In view of the phenomenon of long delivery time and delayed delivery of goods in online shopping, as an e-commerce company, in order to better serve customers, information exchange and feedback between customers and suppliers should be strengthened. This can not only save the cost of order processing for users, but also save users' time, gradually improve people's trust in online shopping, and make e-commerce develop healthily and stably.
2.3 Reduce the price of distribution services
In the process of developing e-commerce in China, it has been difficult to achieve large-scale online shopping, and the cost of logistics and distribution is high, especially for retail online transactions. It is very expensive to deliver the goods to every customer. Efforts should be made to reduce costs and solve the contradiction between e-commerce companies and logistics distribution companies in the price of distribution services.
2.4 Improve legal policies
In view of various problems existing in e-commerce logistics distribution, relevant departments should actively study the characteristics of e-commerce, quickly formulate targeted laws, regulations and policies, standardize e-commerce activities, and increase the trust of enterprises and consumers in e-commerce.
2.5 active anti-war third-party logistics enterprises
"Third-party logistics" generally has certain advantages in logistics management experience, talents, technology and ideas. It can be used as an authorized agent for all logistics activities of the supply and demand sides in e-commerce transactions. At the same time, the third-party logistics has abundant funds and logistics management software based on modern information network technology, which can make full use of modern logistics technology to ensure that customers can inspect goods anytime and anywhere and get supporting services. Both parties involved in e-commerce transactions can entrust logistics to professional logistics enterprises and concentrate their efforts.
2.6 Establish a national logistics public information platform and develop the fourth party logistics.
The fourth party logistics can provide comprehensive supply chain solutions, integrate social logistics resources, and improve the comprehensive synergy of the logistics industry in China.
3. Factors that should be considered when e-commerce enterprises choose logistics mode.
When making logistics decisions, e-commerce enterprises should consider the following main factors comprehensively according to their own needs and resource conditions, carefully choose logistics modes, and improve market competitiveness.
3. 1 the influence of logistics on the success of enterprises and the management ability of enterprises on logistics
Logistics is very important to the success of enterprises, and the ability of enterprises to handle logistics is relatively low, so they adopt third-party logistics; The importance of logistics to the success of enterprises is low, and the ability of peer enterprises to deal with logistics is also low, so outsourcing logistics services are adopted; Logistics requires a high degree of success for enterprises, and enterprises have a high ability to handle logistics, so they adopt self-operated logistics.
3.2 Enterprise's Requirements for Logistics Control
The more competitive the industry, the more enterprises should strengthen the control of supply and distribution channels. At this time, enterprises should support their own logistics. Generally speaking, the OEM or the final product manufacturer has strong control over the channel or supply chain process, and often chooses self-operated logistics, that is, as a leading enterprise to organize the whole process of logistics activities and formulate logistics service standards.
3.3 Logistics characteristics of enterprise products themselves
For the return of bulk industrial raw materials or the distribution of fresh products, relatively fixed professional logistics service providers and short-channel logistics should be used; For the distribution in the global market, regional professional logistics companies should be used to provide support; For enterprises with single product line or OEM supporting products, they should support their own logistics under the unified leadership of leading enterprises; For highly technical logistics services, such as port logistics services, enterprises should adopt the principal-agent model for non-standard equipment manufacturers. Self-operated logistics is profitable, but it should still be handed over to professional logistics services.
3.4 Enterprise Scale and Strength
Generally speaking, large and medium-sized enterprises have the ability to establish their own logistics systems, formulate appropriate logistics demand plans and ensure the quality of logistics services because of their strong strength. In addition, we can also use the remaining logistics network resources to expand our foreign business. However, limited by personnel, funds and management resources, it is difficult for small enterprises to improve the efficiency of logistics management. At this point, in order to use resources for the main core business, enterprises should hand over logistics management to third-party professional logistics organizations.
3.5 Total cost of logistics system
When choosing logistics mode, we must find out the total cost of different logistics system modes. Its calculation cost is: total cost of logistics system = total transportation cost+inventory maintenance cost+batch cost+total fixed storage cost+total variable storage cost+order processing and information cost+customer service cost.
There is an antinomy between these costs: if the number of warehouses decreases, the storage cost will be reduced, but the transportation distance and times will increase, which will lead to an increase in transportation cost. If the increase of transportation cost exceeds the decrease of storage cost, the total logistics cost will increase. Therefore, when choosing and designing a logistics system, we should demonstrate the total cost of the logistics system and finally choose the logistics system with the lowest cost.
3.6 Customer Service Capability of Third Party Logistics
Although it is important to consider the cost when choosing the logistics mode, the ability of third-party logistics to provide services for enterprises and their customers is very important to choose logistics services. In other words, the ability and reliability of third-party logistics to meet the timely demand for raw materials of enterprises should be the primary consideration.
4. Summary
With the development of e-commerce, the concept of logistics has been given a new meaning. In the material circulation under the planned economy system, the realization of business flow is the main thing, and logistics is often dismembered into several discrete and independent links, which is not paid attention to. Some departments, such as transportation departments, are not very clear about Chengdu's logistics industry and agriculture. It seems that logistics is only a matter for the material supply department, and the material supply department thinks so, so they build warehouses and engage in distribution ... The actual logistics industry is a comprehensive service industry, and its comprehensive service capabilities are as follows: service capabilities in all aspects of logistics; The integration ability of various logistics resources; The operational ability of integrated logistics agents; In terms of service concept, supply chain management ability should not only attach importance to business flow service, but also attach importance to logistics service, not only to all aspects of service, but also to comprehensive service.
the second
Analysis on the Problems and Countermeasures in China's E-commerce Logistics Distribution
I. Introduction
In recent years, among many e-commerce enterprises, few can really make a profit through online sales. One of the important reasons is the problem of logistics distribution, which is characterized by long time, high cost and low efficiency. At present, logistics distribution has become an important bottleneck restricting the rapid development of e-commerce in China. Without an efficient, reasonable and smooth logistics system, it is difficult to give full play to the advantages of e-commerce.
In order to give full play to the advantages of e-commerce, this paper analyzes the influence of e-commerce on the development of logistics distribution, and then points out the factors that restrict the development of e-commerce logistics distribution in China, and puts forward the strategies to solve the problems of e-commerce logistics distribution. I hope these strategies can make e-commerce and logistics and distribution develop harmoniously.
Second, the impact of e-commerce on the development of logistics distribution
E-commerce has fundamentally changed the social economy and promoted social development and economic growth. Similarly, e-commerce has also had a great impact on the development of logistics distribution.
1 has brought profound revolution to the traditional concept of logistics distribution. Traditional logistics distribution enterprises need to buy large warehouses, while virtual enterprises with networked e-commerce systems connect warehouses of different consignors scattered all over the country through network systems, making them "virtual warehouses" with unified management and deployment, and expanding service radius and cargo distribution space. The speed, scale, efficiency and rational allocation of resources of such enterprises are unmatched by traditional logistics distribution, and the corresponding logistics concept must be brand-new.
The real-time control of logistics distribution by network replaces the traditional logistics distribution management program. The use of advanced systems will bring new management methods to enterprises. The traditional logistics distribution process consists of multiple business processes, which are greatly influenced by human factors and time. The application of network can realize real-time monitoring and real-time decision-making in the whole process.
The duration of logistics distribution under the network environment will be greatly shortened, which puts forward higher requirements for logistics distribution speed. In the traditional logistics distribution management, due to the limitation of information exchange, it takes a long time to complete a distribution process, but this time will become shorter and shorter with the intervention of the network system, and any information and resources related to distribution will be transmitted to the relevant links within a few seconds through network management.
The intervention of network system simplifies the process of logistics distribution. Network-supported group technology can be used more incisively and vividly in the network environment, the logistics distribution cycle will be shortened, and its organizational model will also change; Computer system management can make the whole logistics distribution management process simple and easy; Business promotion on the internet can make users' shopping and trading process more efficient and cheaper; It can improve the competitiveness of logistics distribution enterprises.
Third, China e-commerce logistics distribution problems analysis.
With the popularization and application of e-commerce, logistics distribution has become a bottleneck restricting the development of e-commerce in China. The main problems of logistics distribution in e-commerce are insufficient understanding of the importance of logistics distribution, high cost and low efficiency of logistics distribution service, imperfect and irregular service system and lack of professional talents.
1 Lack of correct and sufficient understanding of logistics and distribution. E-commerce in China is still in the primary stage of development, and its function is mainly limited to information exchange. The interdependence and mutual promotion between e-commerce and logistics have not been widely recognized by the society. Therefore, while people attach importance to e-commerce, they don't pay much attention to the logistics distribution system oriented to e-commerce, which leads to the backwardness of the logistics distribution system and can't be well combined with e-commerce, which limits the advantages of e-commerce in speed, efficiency and convenience.
2 logistics distribution efficiency is low, and the standardization of logistics equipment is low. At present, most logistics distribution enterprises in China are developed on the basis of traditional enterprise mechanism, and the content of logistics services still stays at the level of warehousing and transportation, and few logistics distribution enterprises can provide comprehensive services. At the same time, the modernization level of transportation and warehousing is low, the construction and development of logistics distribution center is relatively slow, and the professional operation level is not high, which leads to the low efficiency of logistics distribution.
3 Lack of effective logistics distribution network and imperfect distribution channels. At present, the commodity distribution channels of e-commerce enterprises mainly include:
First, establish your own distribution network, set up a distribution team, and complete the distribution business independently. However, the investment in establishing social distribution network is quite huge. If each company manages its entire distribution network, it is not only difficult, but also has no scale effect, which may not be worth the loss.
Second, e-commerce companies sign distribution agreements with other distribution companies and hand them over to others to complete the distribution business. This form will lead to the disconnection between the distribution operation system and the e-commerce platform, resulting in the phenomenon of untimely delivery, wrong delivery to customers, forgotten delivery or inability to deliver goods, which will make both merchants and customers dissatisfied.
Third, take the form of online shopping and offline payment to pick up the goods at the nearest store. This form increases the cost of the store, and can not achieve "door-to-door delivery", thus reducing the service quality and essential connotation of e-commerce, so it can not be popularized.
Four, to promote the development of China's e-commerce logistics and distribution countermeasures
In view of the main problems existing in the logistics distribution system under e-commerce in China, whether the logistics distribution system under e-commerce can be established and improved will directly affect the further promotion and application of e-commerce in China. Considering the reality of our country, the following countermeasures can be taken when constructing e-commerce logistics distribution system.
1 Formulate relevant laws and regulations and actively play the role of the state in promoting the development of logistics.
The state should support and help the construction of e-commerce logistics distribution system from policies and funds.
First of all, * * * should establish a unified management organization or an authoritative organization and coordination organization from clear management personnel, which will undertake the organization and coordination function.
Secondly, * * * should formulate a standardized logistics industry development policy, establish the overall goal of logistics industry development, take * * * as the leading factor, guide enterprises to increase investment in logistics industry, formulate a unified logistics development plan, pay attention to the construction and scientific layout of logistics infrastructure, and change the current unreasonable layout of logistics industry.
2. Strengthen the construction of software and hardware to realize the modernization of logistics distribution system.
Modern logistics distribution system can effectively reduce circulation links and time, reduce circulation costs, and thus promote the development of e-commerce. To establish a modern logistics distribution system, we should start with hardware and software, and focus on the following three points: mechanization, automation and modernization of distribution means in logistics enterprises; Modernization, standardization and institutionalization of logistics distribution management. Logistics distribution informatization.
3 the establishment of logistics standardization system
With the development of e-commerce in the global scope, the logistics industry will inevitably develop across national boundaries, and international logistics is the development direction of the logistics industry. To develop international logistics, we must realize the integration of domestic logistics and international logistics standards, including the standardization of logistics terms, logistics bar codes and logistics devices. Therefore, politics
Relevant government departments and industry organizations should pay more attention to logistics standardization.
4 vigorously cultivate high-level e-commerce logistics and distribution talents
The level of logistics management in China is backward. To develop e-commerce logistics, it is necessary to increase investment in warehousing, distribution centers, logistics centers, wholesale centers, container transfer stations, bulk cement and other logistics facilities, and introduce advanced logistics management. E-commerce logistics involves many sciences such as trade economy, management, transportation, packaging, information science, sociology, engineering technology, computer technology, etc., and also puts forward higher requirements for logistics practitioners. People's quality and management level have an important influence on the development of logistics industry. We should vigorously strengthen the development of logistics technology and the cultivation of talents.
5. Build e-commerce logistics distribution network system.
To carry out efficient e-commerce logistics distribution activities can not be separated from the support of efficient distribution network, and the efficiency of logistics network restricts the efficiency of logistics system. In the process of promoting e-commerce logistics distribution, we need to plan three networks: physical distribution network, virtual distribution network and customer marketing network. Only by "three networks in one" can we truly and effectively play the characteristics of e-commerce logistics distribution.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
There are also some problems in the development of e-commerce logistics distribution in China, such as lack of correct and sufficient understanding of logistics distribution, low efficiency of logistics distribution, low standardization of logistics equipment and imperfect distribution channels. Based on the actual situation of our country, this paper puts forward to formulate relevant laws and regulations to actively play the role of the state in promoting the development of logistics; Strengthen the construction of hardware and software to realize the modernization of logistics distribution system; Establish logistics standardization system; Vigorously cultivate high-level e-commerce logistics distribution talents and build e-commerce logistics distribution network system and other strategies.