Keywords: decoration materials; Formaldehyde; Volatile organic compound
Investigation on indoor air pollution in decoration materials market
Yu, Deng, et al.
Department of Health, School of Public Health, University of South China (Henan 42 100 1, China)
Objective To understand the indoor air pollution in decoration materials market and put forward corresponding prevention measures. Methods The concentrations of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds in indoor air of 30 shopping malls were investigated. Results The concentrations of formaldehyde and VOCs in shopping malls with different decoration materials were higher than those in outdoor air (P < 0.05), and the highest values were 70 times and 20 times respectively. The over-standard rate of formaldehyde and VOCs in unventilated condition is higher than that in ventilated condition (P < 0.05), especially formaldehyde. The over-standard rate of the area below 50m2 is higher than that above 50m2 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Indoor air in decoration materials market is seriously polluted by formaldehyde and VOCs, and the pollution degree is related to the types of decoration materials, the area of shopping malls and ventilation.
Keywords: decorative materials; Formaldehyde; Volatile organic compound
Formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by indoor decoration materials have become the pollution sources of indoor air that cannot be ignored [1, 2]. In order to understand the air pollution in the sales places, the indoor air quality of 30 decoration materials sales stores was tested. The results are reported as follows.
1 objects and methods
1 1 Subjects randomly selected 30 decoration materials stores by simple random sampling method, and tested the indoor air quality of 30 stores. The detection items are formaldehyde, VOCs (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc. ). Among them, 20 wood-based panels, 6 paints, carpets, paper-avoiding, plastic veneers and floor tiles were tested, and the air outside the building materials store was selected as the control.
12 detection method is based on the monitoring specifications of public places, adopting the principles of cross layout and diagonal layout, and determining sampling points according to the area (x) of sales stores, x
13 instrument PPM400 formaldehyde meter (British ppm 400- technology company), American MultiRAE Plus(PGM50) five-in-one gas monitor (including VOC), dry and wet bulb thermometer, QDF-3 hot bulb anemometer, chlorine barometer, etc.
14 health questionnaire survey conducted a health questionnaire survey on sales employees. The questionnaire survey mainly includes employees' subjective feelings, such as pungent smell, glare and tears. Incidence of respiratory symptoms of employees, such as throat discomfort and respiratory dryness.
Two results
2 1 Indoor air quality of different types of decoration materials stores (Table 1) Formaldehyde and VOCs in indoor air of different types of decoration materials stores are higher than outdoor control in different degrees (P
Table 1 Indoor Air Pollution in Sales Stores with Different Decoration Materials (omitted)
Note: compared with outdoor, A P
22 Influence of ventilation on indoor air quality of plate workshop (Table 2) Doors and windows are judged to be ventilated after 2 hours of opening and not ventilated after 2 hours of closing. The indoor air formaldehyde in the plate shop seriously exceeded the standard, and the maximum value exceeded the standard by 69 times; The average value and over-standard rate of the two indexes in ventilated state are lower than those in unventilated state (P
Table 2 Air quality of plate workshop under different ventilation conditions (omitted)
Note: Compared with unventilated state, P < 005.
The influence of storefront size on the air quality of plate shops can be divided into three types according to the size of the area. The indoor air quality of shops with an area less than 25m2 exceeded the standard rate of formaldehyde and VOCs by 69.2% and 48.4% respectively, while the two indexes of shops with an area of 25-49m2 exceeded the standard rate by 665, 438+09% and 38.6% respectively, and there was no statistical difference between the two types of shops. And area >; The over-standard rates of formaldehyde and VOCs in 50m2 shopping malls were 34.3% and 65,438+065,438+03%, respectively, which were lower than those in shopping malls with an area less than 50m2 (P
24 Investigation on the health status of salespeople 67 salespeople in plate sales stores mostly have respiratory symptoms such as cough, sneezing, sore throat, dry respiratory tract, headache and fatigue, with an incidence rate of 94.03%; The incidence of memory loss, difficulty in concentration, dizziness, headache and fatigue was 43.28%.
3 discussion
Urea-formaldehyde resin with formaldehyde as the main component is used as an adhesive in various wood-based panels, new furniture, walls and floor decoration auxiliary equipment, which can continuously release formaldehyde to the environment [3,4]. VOCs mainly come from paints, waterborne coatings and various adhesives, diluents, wood-based panels, wallpapers, carpets and so on. [4]. This survey shows that the formaldehyde exceeding standard rate in wood-based panel workshop is higher than that in paint and coating workshop and other workshops, and the VOCs exceeding standard rate in paint and coating workshop is higher than that in wood-based panel workshop and other workshops, both higher than outdoor control. The highest formaldehyde value is 70 times that of outdoor control, and the highest VOCs value is 20 times that of outdoor control. The pungent smell can be smelled in the sales place. Most employees have symptoms such as cough, sneezing, sore throat, dry respiratory tract, and some people have symptoms such as memory loss, difficulty in concentration, dizziness, headache, fatigue, etc., indicating that the indoor air in the decoration materials sales place is seriously polluted by formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds, which has different degrees of impact on the health of workers. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen indoor air quality monitoring in building materials sales places to protect workers' health and improve indoor air quality. In order to thoroughly improve the indoor air quality of building materials sales places and ensure that indoor air is less polluted by decoration materials, relevant departments should strengthen supervision and monitoring of manufacturers, regularly publish test results, and severely investigate and deal with manufacturers and sellers who operate inferior decoration materials. Increase the research and development of green building materials [5, 6] and implement environmental protection standards for decorative materials. In addition, we should also strengthen occupational health education, raise the awareness of healthy sales and self-protection of salespeople, consciously buy products that meet health requirements, strengthen the ventilation of stores, minimize the density of materials, and prevent the high concentration of harmful substances from gathering. The results of this survey show that the formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds in the ventilated state are lower than those in the unventilated state, and the formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds in the sales shops with an area of less than 50m2 are higher than those in the sales shops with an area of more than 50m2, which shows that strengthening the ventilation of the store, increasing the area of the sales shops, reducing the density of materials placed and improving the air quality in the sales places.
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