What are the "lights" on porcelain? First, the thief light, or new light, fire, floating light, is a dazzling light on the surface of porcelain, just like just coming out of the kiln. Porcelain with this kind of light is generally considered as a recent new product. But practice has proved that not every piece of porcelain with this so-called thief light is a recent new product. For example, some old porcelain that has never been used or unsealed is still as bright as new once it is opened. Ming Yongle blue-and-white chicken heart bowls collected by Nanjing Museum and Tianjin Museum belong to this kind of old porcelain. Therefore, the new is not necessarily not old, and porcelain should be treated dialectically, and it cannot be across the board.
Baoguang, a moist and fresh luster from the inside out, is as rich as jade. This shiny old porcelain has excellent porcelain quality and excellent fetal glaze. It can stand the test of oxide invasion and artificial wear, and it remains the same even after hundreds of years, and it is still dazzling and radiant. For example, the Daming Xuande blue and white beans purchased by Mr. Qiao Deguang, the cultural relics headquarters of Sichuan Province, belong to this kind of porcelain.
Third, there is no light. Although it is dim and can't reflect obvious light, it should also belong to a kind of light. This kind of dull porcelain is usually regarded as old porcelain with a long history. The change from the original light to the present light is probably the result of long-term chemical action in the air and long-term use by people. But just as the new is not necessarily old, and the old is not necessarily new, some new porcelains, through manual processing, can also remove the fire on their surfaces and become dull, but their essence is new porcelains.
Fourth, glass light, similar to the light reflected by ghee and jade, is different from the above-mentioned treasure light. It has a glass texture, high brightness, and tends to emit light outward, but less from the inside. Most of this glassy porcelain is very old, and it is not easy to lose its luster. Some of them are still bright even after being buried in the soil for thousands of years. This kind of porcelain is especially popular in Geyao products in Song Dynasty and Inselaton products in Jingdezhen.
5. Clam light, a rare and peculiar beauty light, is produced on painted porcelain and lead-containing porcelain, but it is insulated from blue and white. Unfortunately, what light is clam light? There is no conclusion yet. Meretrix meretrix is a mollusk about 3 cm long, born in shallow sea, with an oval shell surrounded by ochre and purple. Therefore, the author thinks that mussel light should not be separated from the color of mussel itself, but should be light ochre or purple, or a mixture of the two. Some people regard clam light as reddish light, which can be classified as irrelevant. Some people think that it is a colorless flash, which is caused by the film produced on the surface of porcelain. We can use "electro-optical water" and coating methods to forge "clam light".
Not every colored porcelain has oyster light, and not all colored porcelain with oyster light is genuine. How many years will it take for the clam light to form, and the problem that the clam light has color and colorless needs further discussion before a recognized understanding can be reached.
It must be noted that the above five glosses cannot appear on a piece of porcelain at the same time. Generally, it has a luster, except that the surface has a clam luster. Collectors should see more, learn more and compare more in practice, practice the excellent skills of correctly understanding and identifying the luster of porcelain, and improve the level of identifying the authenticity of porcelain.
The collection of ancient ceramics can be divided into comprehensive category, thematic category, thematic category, scientific and technological category, thematic category and thematic category. The most comprehensive; Special topics can be collected by kiln mouth or broken belt; The theme is based on flowers, birds and landscapes painted on ancient ceramics. The sea election in the off-site area of Beijing Hanhai has begun; 187; 155 1 .18.40. Manager Chen, a collection of character types; The process is collected according to tire decoration and glaze decoration. Tire decoration includes decals, printing, drawing and plastic piles. Glaze decoration can be divided into monochrome porcelain (stippling and painting) and colored porcelain (multicolored, bucket colored and pastel colored). Blue-and-white and colored porcelain after the Yuan Dynasty are colored porcelain. For example, Tao Sian mentioned earlier specializes in collecting three generations of figure jars in the Qing Dynasty. The three dynasties of Qing dynasty are quite special, and the theme is the jar of figures. The advantage of this collection is that it is very specialized, so it is generally difficult to encounter fakes, and the collection time will be longer, so you will have experience. I suggest beginners learn the single trick.
Everyone has his own experience about skills. My own experience can be summed up in five words: "looking, smelling, asking, cutting and landing".
"Hope" What is hope? Just wanted to see. Many collectors don't go to see it now. As long as people push it, they accept it. If he thinks it is right, he disdains going to museums and never reads related books. I suggest collectors visit two aspects: first, visit major museums, state-owned museums, private museums and industry museums, whether they are national, provincial, municipal or county-level (district-level); The second is reading, which involves many books on art investment. One is books in the category, and the other is valuable books and papers, such as Taiwan Province's Forbidden City Monthly and Cultural Relics and Archaeology Monthly. I recommend four books to beginners (see attachment) in order to solve the problem of collectors' world outlook.
I think reading is the most important thing. If you don't read, you won't understand some knowledge at all How to collect without knowledge? Collection is an elegant cultural activity. A collector told me that he has spent millions of dollars in his collection for so many years and has never been to the museum once. As a result, he took it to our museum for identification, and every box was fake. If you are counterfeiting, it is a cultural stain. By looking at it, we can solve the problem of world outlook.
"Smell" means listening and solving methodological problems. Those who listen to the sound (noise) are deaf, and those who have real talent and practical learning should listen. Know what to listen to and what not to listen to.
"Asking" means asking for advice. People who collect ancient ceramics are not born with this or that skill. If you have any questions, you should prescribe the right medicine and consult teachers and insiders. For example, Dan Changbao is an expert in the identification of blue-and-white porcelain and colored porcelain, but he is not necessarily the top expert in Yueyao and Longyao porcelain, while experts in Zhejiang are stronger in this respect. Top experts only know a few kinds, so they should seek truth from facts.
"Cutting" means practicing. Collecting ancient ceramics must not be an armchair strategist. I went to help people identify, and the other party read me a book first, which was exactly the same as the book. He doesn't know that the color difference of this book is different when it is printed. Therefore, I think people who collect ancient ceramics must have practice, read more about museums, big collectors and standardized auction houses. Collectors should communicate with each other more, and don't hide it privately or furtively. This is to solve the problem of collectors' ability to practice scientific judgment.
"Land" refers to the local area. We should start with local cultural relics and artworks that we are familiar with and can learn from. This is a summary of my extensive contact with and investigation of collectors in the society in recent years. Local things are often well collected, but outside the local area, many of them are fake. For example, in Kunming, the local collector took out Longquan porcelain, and there were so many fakes that he put it there as the real thing. This is because there is no Longquan kiln in Kunming, and they can't learn anything in the museum. This variety is easy to collect in Zhejiang, because all the major museums in the province have Yueyao. Of course, be careful when accepting this kind of thing.
In the final analysis, appreciation of porcelain depends on eyesight, which is the embodiment of brain power. This is what people often say: the eyes are the windows to the soul. No matter what you do, if you have no bottom in your heart, your eyes will be at a loss. The same is true of appreciating porcelain. If we don't have a complete, clear and accurate concept of a certain type of porcelain in a certain era and a certain kiln mouth in advance, it will be difficult to make a correct judgment when we encounter this kind of porcelain. I often hear people boast that the sea election of Beijing Hanhai remote auction has begun; 187; 155 1 .18.40. Manager Chen. He played with porcelain for several years and decades, and used tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of pieces of porcelain. In fact, no matter how long you play and how many things you have seen, as long as you study unconsciously and systematically, you will only be "two knives" in the end, and you will not be a real master. This is because the identification of a piece of porcelain needs to involve many matters, each of which has different knowledge contents of different ages, different kiln mouths and different types. If we only use porcelain to accumulate experience bit by bit, instead of observing, contacting and comparing a lot, systematically, carefully and repeatedly, it is not only too slow, but also impossible to form systematic and comprehensive knowledge. It is impossible for us to "practice stalls" or run museums. It is even more unrealistic for us to do systematic research because there are a lot of porcelain at home. It is the most convenient, economical and realistic to acquire knowledge by reading books and systematically observing and analyzing a large number of drawing boards.