Confucius thinks that Yan Hui, Zigong and Luz all have their own advantages, and in a sense, these advantages are beyond his Confucius' reach (Qiu Fu Ru Ye), but they are not perfect because they are not good at observing the center and have a proper sense of proportion. He has the advantages of others, but he can also be innocent and feel inferior. Therefore, although he is not as good as others in specific aspects, he has comprehensive advantages.

The article Huai Nan Zi Ren Jian records that people may ask Confucius, "What kind of person is Yan Hui?" He said, "Benevolent people are also. Qiu Fu dairy industry. " "What kind of person is Zi Gong?" He said, "You can argue with others. Qiu Fu dairy industry. " "What kind of person is Luz?"

Yue: "The brave are also. Qiu Fu dairy industry. " The guest said, "All three are virtuous, and they are the victims. Why? " Confucius said, "Qiu is patient, slow to argue, and brave and timid. With the strength of the third son, it is easy to get rid of Qiu, too. "

Extended data:

It's from Huainanzi written by Liu An, the king of Huainan.

Huainanzi, also known as Huainan Lie Hong, is a philosophical work written by Liu An, the king of Huainan in the Western Han Dynasty (179- 122) and his disciples. The content used to be divided into internal and external articles, but now there are only 2 1 internal articles. This book is mainly based on Taoism, which combines Confucianism, Legalism, Yin-Yang and Five Elements, so it is generally considered as a miscellaneous work. The book preserves many historical materials of natural sciences and myths and fables, and also records many anecdotes between Qin and Han dynasties, which are rich in content.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Huainanzi Ren Jianxun

2. Confucius's teaching of classical Chinese translation Confucius often teaches students to match words with deeds and not to talk eloquently. One day, he said to Confucius, "Mr. Wang's way of benevolence and righteousness is really great!" Should these truths I have heard be implemented immediately? " Confucius said, "You have your father and brothers, and they all need your care. How can you hear these truths and carry them out? "

Confucius worried that Lutz would die before filial piety to his adoptive father and brother. After a while, You Ran also asked, "Sir! Should the principle of benevolence and righteousness I heard from you be implemented immediately? " Confucius said, "Do what you say." Gong Xihua, who stood by, was puzzled and couldn't help asking Confucius, "Sir! Lutz asked if he should smell it before acting. Mr. Wang said that with his father and brother here, why not act immediately? Ran asked if you want to smell it before you act. Teacher Ran said you should smell it before you act. I don't understand, please ask sir? " Confucius said, "Ran is a coward. We should inspire his courage.

Lutz is brave and fearless, so we should neutralize his violence. "You Ran's cowardice is also recorded in The Analects. You Ran used to work under the powerful minister Ji Shi, who was a tyrannical man. As a disciple of Confucius, You Ran knew it was wrong to do so. Not only did he dare not convince his boss Ji, but he obeyed Ji's wishes and "amassed benefits" for him. I was very angry. Confucius called You Ran "not my disciple"! And mobilize students to "drum and attack"! If You Ran could listen to the teachings of Confucius and stick to the principle of benevolence and righteousness, he would not do anything to help others.

3. Classical Chinese translation of Confucius' disciples "expressing their opinions" I. Translation

Yan Hui and Luz were accompanied by Confucius.

Confucius said, "Why don't you talk about the aspirations of each of you?"

Lutz said: "I would like to use my horses and chariots and my fur coat with my friends. Even if they are broken, I will not regret it."

Yan Yuan said, "Do you want to brag about your own benefits and not publicize your merits?"

Lutz said, "We want to hear your wishes."

Confucius said, "Let the elderly live comfortably, let friends trust me, and let young people turn to me."

Second, the original text

Yan Yuan, Shi. Confucius said, "Why do you say it?" Lutz said, "May horses, horses, clothes, clothes and friends feel sorry for us." Yan Yuan said: "I hope that there is no good cut, and I will get it for nothing." Lutz said, "I want to hear about Zizi's ambition." Confucius said, "Old people are safe, friends believe, and young people are pregnant."

Third, the source

The Analects of Confucius

Extended data

First, the creative background

The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucianism and a collection of recorded essays, which mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples in the form of quotations and dialogues, and embodies Confucius' political, aesthetic, moral and utilitarian values. The Analects of Confucius covers politics, education, literature, philosophy and ways of living.

As early as the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, when Confucius set up an altar to give lectures, its main contents were initially established; After the death of Confucius, his disciples and re-disciples passed on his remarks from generation to generation, and gradually recorded the words and deeds of these oral quotations, so it was called "On"; The Analects of Confucius mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, so it is called "language".

Second, the appreciation of works

The Analects of Confucius are mostly quotations, but they are all rich in meaning, and some sentences and chapters are vivid.

The center of the description in The Analects of Confucius is Confucius, "Confucius' elegant demeanor overflows with aphorisms" (Wen Xin Diao Zheng Longsheng); There are not only static descriptions of his manners, but also vivid descriptions of his personality and temperament. In addition, centering on Confucius, The Analects of Confucius also successfully created some images of Confucius disciples.

Three. Brief introduction of the author

Confucius (55 BC/kloc-0 BC/-479 BC), that is, Lu (now Nishan Town, Qufu City, Jining City, Shandong Province), was a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. His thoughts had a far-reaching impact on China and the world.

Confucius led some disciples around the world for fourteen years and revised the Six Classics in his later years. Confucius initiated the atmosphere of private lectures. According to legend, he has 3000 disciples and 72 disciples of the wise. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their descendants recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled the Confucian classic The Analects. What he did was recorded in Historical Records Confucius Family.

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Baidu encyclopedia-Analects of Confucius industrial field

4. Classical Chinese translation of Confucius' speech 1. Classical Chinese expression:

People may ask Confucius, "What kind of person is Yan Hui?" Yue: "Benevolent people are also like this."

"What kind of person is Zi Gong?" Yue: "You can argue with others, that's all."

"What kind of person is Luz?" Yue: "So are the brave."

The soldier said, "All three are virtuous and serve your master. What is it? " Confucius said, "Qiu is patient, slow to argue, and brave and timid. With the ability of the third son, Qiu Yi is one, and Qiu Fu is also. "

2. The expression of vernacular:

Someone asked Confucius, "What kind of person is Yan Hui?"

Confucius said, "Yan Hui is a benevolent man, and I am not as good as him."

The man asked again, "What kind of person is Zi Gong?"

Zi Gong replied: "Zi Gong is an eloquent man, and I am not as good as him."

The man then asked, "What kind of person is Luz?"

Confucius replied, "Luz is a brave man, and I am not as good as him."

Someone asked strangely, "All three of them are better than you, but they worship you as a teacher and obey your orders." . Why is this? "

Confucius replied: "I am kind and cruel, eloquent but not abrupt, brave and afraid." I won't trade the strengths of my three apprentices for my knowledge or methods of observing and handling problems. "

5. Translation of classical Chinese and Confucius' commandments: translation

The character of a person with both ability and political integrity is cultivated by inner peace and concentration, and by frugal style. If you don't look down on worldly fame and fortune, you can't be clear about your ambitions. Without physical and mental peace, you can't realize your lofty ideals. You must concentrate on your studies, and you must study hard to increase your talents. If you don't study hard, you can't increase your intelligence. If you don't know your ambition, you can't achieve anything in your study. If you pursue excessive enjoyment and laziness, you can't cultivate your temperament if you are frivolous and irritable. As time goes on, your will will wear away as time goes on. In the end, you will be as useless to society as a dead branch. What's the use of sighing in your own small world?

Thought of the article: The Ten Commandments is a masterpiece of self-cultivation, which is short and long, and concise. Its main purpose is to encourage his son to study hard, be firm-willed, cultivate his self-cultivation from quietness and avoid absurdity and rashness.

6. Wei Biansan Classical Chinese and Translation Confucius' name is Kong Qiu, and his ancestral home is Lu Yi (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong). His father is a junior military attache. When Confucius was three years old, his father died, so his mother had to take him to live in Qufu and bring him up. It is said that he loved to learn manners since he was a child. If you have nothing to do, just put a small pot or something and learn how adults worship their ancestors.

Confucius studied hard when he was young. He worshipped the Duke of the ritual and music system in the early Zhou Dynasty and was particularly familiar with ancient etiquette. At that time, he was proficient in the "six arts" that a scholar should learn, namely etiquette, music, archery, driving, writing and calculation.

He is conscientious and responsible in his work. At first, I was a clerk in charge of the warehouse, and there was no shortage of materials; Later, when he became a small official in charge of animal husbandry, cattle and sheep multiplied a lot. Before he was 30, his reputation gradually improved.

In 500 BC, Qi Jinggong of Qi wanted to win over the neighboring countries of Lu and the governors of the Central Plains, so he wrote to Lu and asked him to meet him in the valley near Qilu. At that time, the governor had to have a minister as an assistant at the meeting, which was called "Li Xiang". Duke Ding of Lu decided to let Confucius, the scout of Lu State, take charge of this matter.

After Confucius arrived in Qi State, he talked with Qi Jinggong about his political views. Qi Jinggong was very polite to him and wanted to keep Confucius. However, Yan Ying, the prime minister, thought Confucius' thought was unrealistic, so Qi Jinggong didn't use him.

However, Li Yan, the doctor of the State of Qi, thought that it was not good for the State of Qi for Confucius to stay in Lu as an official, and suggested sending a group of female musicians. Eighty singers were selected for Lu. Lu accepted this class of female music, eating, drinking and having fun every day, regardless of state affairs. Confucius was disappointed in this matter. Confucius' students said: "Lu Jun is not doing his business, let's go!" " "

After that, Confucius left Shandong and traveled around the world with a group of students. He has been to Wei, Cao, Song, Zheng, Chen, Cai and Chu. He traveled around the world for 78 years, hoping to find an opportunity to implement his political proposition of restoring the ritual and music system at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty.

But at that time, big countries were busy with the war for hegemony, small countries were in danger of being annexed, and the whole society was changing. The monarchs of these countries did not adopt the political ideas advocated by Confucius.

Extended data:

Idioms and their stories

Books in the Spring and Autumn Period mainly used bamboo as bamboo slips to write, ranging from a few crosses to more than eight or nine characters. A book needs a lot of bamboo slips, which are connected in sequence with strong ropes and the like, and then a book is the last one, which is very convenient to read.

Usually, those woven with silk thread are called "silk weaving", those woven with hemp rope are called "rope weaving" and those woven with cooked cowhide rope are called "Wei weaving", among which the cooked cowhide rope is the strongest. A book as heavy as Zhouyi is of course made up of many bamboo slips woven together with cooked cowhide ropes.

Confucius spent a lot of energy reading the Book of Changes again and again, adding a lot of notes. I don't know how many times he opened it. It is generally believed that Confucius could read and write in this way, and the cowhide belt of serial bamboo slips was worn off several times and had to be replaced with new ones for repeated use. This is a metaphor for studying hard.

Even after reading this, Confucius said, "If I live a few more years, I can fully grasp the literary quality of Zhouyi."