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(1) In the first picture of the material, the person who "stands on a tree to win the trust" and "the old-school official in the war of words" is Shang Yang, who presided over an important political reform in history. This reform was carried out in the State of Qin.
(2) The main contents of the reform include recognizing private ownership of land and allowing free transactions; Reward farming; Implement county system, etc.
(3) From Shang Yang's words, we should understand that we should keep pace with the times and advocate reform according to the actual situation. From Shang Yang, we can learn the spirit of innovation and fearless.
(4) Significance of Shang Yang's political reform: After the political reform, Qin became rich and powerful, and its national strength greatly increased, which laid a solid foundation for the subsequent annexation of six countries.
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Regarding Shang Yang's political reform, students should also master the following basic knowledge: the time is 356 BC, the monarch of Qin State is Qin Xiaogong, and the role of the content is to reward production and realize the prosperity of Qin State; Rewarding military achievements has greatly enhanced Qin Jun's combat effectiveness; Admitting private ownership of land and allowing free trading are conducive to the formation of feudal land ownership; The implementation of the county system has strengthened centralization. Shang Yang's political reform promoted the feudal process of Qin State, which was in line with the historical development trend.