The writing format of argumentative writing is an important link in argumentative writing. When discussing arguments, it is manifested in the arrangement of arguments and arguments. The arrangement is good or bad, which is directly related to whether the central argument of the article can be prominent and convincing. Proper arrangement, not only smooth thinking, clear hierarchy, but also full of logical persuasion effect; On the contrary, it is not only dull and unclear, but also lacks logical persuasion. It can be seen that in argumentative writing, how to arrange arguments and arguments with logical effects cannot be ignored.
The arrangement rules of articles in various styles are basically the same, but due to the different thinking forms of various styles, the arrangement also has its own characteristics. Argumentative writing is different from descriptive writing. Mainly arranged according to the logical connection of things. Argumentative essays are generally arranged in the order of asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems, which are manifested in three parts: preface, theory and conclusion. People often call it? Three-stage? . This? Three-stage? It's the basic type. Because the topics, arguments and arguments have a wide range of contents, not only the preface, theories and conclusions are varied, but also how each small part raises, analyzes and solves problems.
1, preface theory
Preface is the beginning of an argumentative paper, that is, to ask questions and clarify the central argument, so that readers can have a general understanding of the content of the article and attract attention. Common preface writing methods are as follows:
A directly state your own views and opinions and put forward the central argument. For example:
It is an important economic policy to introduce foreign advanced technology and equipment step by step and selectively, so that the introduction work can better serve the rapid development of the national economy.
B explain the background, the purpose and reason of writing. For example:
What is the criterion for testing truth? This is a problem that proletarian revolutionary instructors have long solved. But all these years, because? _? The destruction of the public opinion tools they control and a large number of distorted propaganda have made this issue confusing. In-depth criticism of the argumentative format? _? On this issue, we must eliminate its pernicious influence and set things right.
C prompt content, briefly introduce the full text. For example, the first paragraph of "On Correctly Handling Contradictions among the People":
This is a general topic about correctly handling contradictions among the people. For the convenience of narration, it is divided into twelve small topics. We should also talk about the contradiction between ourselves and the enemy here, but the focus is on the contradictions among the people.
Asking questions about things makes people think. For example:
Comrade Meng Xiancheng of WISCO has a positive opinion on the project of1.7m mill, which is worth reading and thinking carefully. Spent the money saved by the people of the whole country and introduced the most advanced rolling equipment and technology in the contemporary era. Why can't you get the economic effect you deserve? How to reduce or even eliminate such construction projects that are not worth the loss in the future?
E phenomena from daily life. For example;
There are two hens in the cage. One likes singing, the other likes being quiet. According to the phenomenon that hens can sing after laying eggs, the owner thinks that all eggs are laid by singing chickens, so he loves it very much and feeds it with cockroaches specially caught. But after a long time, the secret was revealed: the singing chicken laid few eggs, one a day if it didn't bark. As soon as the eggs landed, the singing chicken didn't sing and left the henhouse, and the singing chicken stood beside the eggs and shouted.
Therefore, I advocate that people should talk less and do more practical things.
G quotes classics, saying that the ancient way is today. For example, "Don't spank wrong" says that leading cadres should blame themselves for making mistakes and don't shirk their responsibilities. It started like this:
There is a story of Di Ku Zhang Li in Long Wen's Whip Shadow: In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Kudilian was a fool. There were often flies in his room, so he asked the doorman to stick him. Yue: What can I do for you? So let it in. ? Originally, the janitor was only responsible for looking after the house and couldn't control the flies, but Cuddy, a stupid janitor, let the flies in and beat the janitor because he was not loyal to his duties. This is the wrong ass.
The beginning of the above narrative part is just a few common types.
Preface is the first argumentative article, which plays an important role in the article. A good preface is concise and to the point, which can not only clearly ask questions, but also affect the whole body and be fascinating. Catch the reader.
2. This theory
This theory is the analysis part of argumentation and the key part of argument. Its task is to analyze problems and organize arguments to prove the correctness of arguments or refute fallacies.
There should be strict logic in the arrangement and demonstration level of this part. The connection between arguments, the order of discussion, and the reasoning at different levels of the article should be organized according to the inherent laws and persuasion effects of things. It is necessary to make the outline open and interlocking, and to make the ideas and materials organically and logically unified.
The arrangement of this theory generally has the following forms:
stand side by side
Parallel type is also called parallel type. Its arrangement is characterized by discussing several major issues involved in the central argument respectively. The relationship between several levels is parallel, and they show the argument of the article from different angles. For example, Zhang Youyu's On Perfecting the Socialist Legal System focuses on perfecting the socialist legal system and correctly applying it to ensure it? Four modernizations? The smooth progress of this argument. He talked about three aspects: the relationship between socialist democracy and socialist legal system; The important role of the current socialist legal system; Effectively ensuring the implementation of the law is the key to further improve the socialist legal system.
B propulsion type
Push type is also called progressive type. Its arrangement is characterized by the in-depth and gradual development of the relationship between all levels. For example, Zhou Enlai's Creating a Democratic Atmosphere solemnly discusses the issue of artistic democracy. At the beginning of the article, it is pointed out that there is a bad atmosphere now, that is, the democratic style is not enough. So, what is the article aimed at? A word? , don't let others say ills, suit the remedy to the case, clarify? All our opinions are open for discussion and discussion? The truth. Finally, focus on analyzing criticism? Five sons admitted to the department? Bad habits (framing, scratching braids, digging roots, wearing hats and hitting sticks) can only be eliminated? Five sons admitted to the department? Only a bad atmosphere and a democratic atmosphere can be established. The form of argument is like Tao Zhu's Great Ideal. From far to near, from ancient times to the present, it is our noblest and greatest ideal to expound and realize * * * productism step by step around the central argument.
The combination of propulsion and juxtaposition
Articles arranged in this way are generally longer. Such articles are usually arranged in other arrangements. For example, "Analysis of Social Strata in China" asks questions at the beginning, then analyzes each stratum, and finally draws a conclusion. The article goes deep step by step, spreads out layer by layer, and adopts push type. However, on the level of analyzing each class, the parallel formula is used to analyze the landlord comprador class, middle class, petty bourgeoisie, semi-proletariat and proletariat one by one. As far as the whole article is concerned, this is called push type, which includes coordinate type. The author used this combination form to perfectly express the content of the article and received good expression effect.
These are the three basic forms of argumentative writing. Form serves the content, and which part should be used in this paper depends on the needs of the content of the article, and can not be arranged at will.
3. Conclusion
The conclusion is the problem-solving part of the argumentative essay. The introduction raises questions, the theory analyzes the problems, and the conclusion gives the answers. The conclusion is the synthesis, generalization, summary and perfection of the full text.
Model essay format 1: focus on putting down the value, my love, wake up.
When the morning comes, wash your dim soul and frozen heart.
I like this little poem by grandma Bing Xin, which tells us that only when there is purity in the heart and no worldly troubles can we start a journey after another; Only by excluding the interference of fame and fortune can we do things with peace of mind and be pious. As the old swordsman said, we can all gain experience and technology through hard work, but it is very difficult to control ourselves from being moved by money and striving for fame and fortune. Because this is a game between ourselves and ourselves, mortals often lose.
I can't help thinking of the beautiful and gentle Ms. Jiang Yang, who is like an orchid. When she and her husband Qian Zhongshu came home, they were reading. Books are their spiritual pillar, they pay attention to their inner world, and they are the insights and explorations of life. Therefore, in the face of visiting visitors and senior officials, she always chooses to leave the door slightly open and say hello tightly. In the face of endless bonuses and honors, she always disapproves, donates all the bonuses to her, and resolutely eliminates so many interferences, which is why so many police poems, such as skillful hands, are sought after.
Mr. Jiang Yang is so, but how many people stop at glitz and fame, and can't get up like a mire?
A prolific painter can draw dozens of paintings a day, and they all sell at a good price. He lives a happy life. I paint to make money. ? So his original talent was buried, and finally he was not famous. Drop the value, Mr. Jiang Yang. If she thinks she is a millionaire all day, she can get a good price by writing something casually. Can she stand in such a high position? If that painter concentrates on painting and learning, how can he not be famous?
? If you don't think about valuable things, your hands won't tremble. ? The words of the old knife rang in my ear again. Focus, let go of value, and success will also appear. Nishikawa said:? I'm going to throw fame and fortune into the sea, put my dreams in my pocket and set off! ? Things are as complicated as the spring breeze in February, involving your mentality, winding into a thick cocoon, dizzy into a wet, why not let go!
In the dazzling world, light and dust, past snow and future rain, please put down your value and focus on your dreams.
Ah, the footsteps of time/will take you through the withered nightmare/please follow closely. backbone
Model essay 2: The sail points to the lighthouse. Life is like the sea, sometimes it growls and is unstoppable, and sometimes it converges violently and the waves are calm. People are like a boat on the sea of life, swaying like yellow leaves in the autumn wind, experiencing the confusion of life and the hesitation of death. Where should the course of life go?
History has given us rich materials, its heaviness and vividness, its boldness and willfulness, and its persistence and evolution have all given us enlightenment. People should have a proper orientation and reflect their own value from the standard of human nature, but there are obstacles and obstacles on the way to find it, which requires wisdom and maturity, and thoughts are like beacon lights, which make people rush to the ideal road without hesitation.
Great people inevitably stumble in the mud, which often makes great souls stubbornly lost, which is tantamount to peeling the skin of national meat. Qu yuan's maverick declared a break with the old times; What did Li Bai get for his naive and simple persistence? Take my shadow and let the three of us be together? Changes in life; Ji Kang's rare personality integrity ruined that ethereal and elegant; General Yue? Angry? Only to maintain the integrity of the national spirit.
I dare not think much, and I don't want to think much. History makes me very helpless. Such a great soul can't find a home, just because the thought is too profound and abrupt, which not only makes them applaud, but also makes them calm. But if you think about it carefully, a slight deviation in position will lead to permanent losses. Scholars should put aside the secular world and concentrate on studying the road, and military commanders should sharpen their heads and fight the battlefield. Politics does not belong to them, and their world is elegant and white.
How to find the right position and reflect the value is another problem that needs to be solved urgently. I always doubt that reality is not what I want, but I unconsciously show my value. Pascal said: Man is a thinking reed. ? Balzac had an epiphany on human beings under the boring quill pen, and Mao Zedong enjoyed the confidence of strategizing on the barren and harsh loess high slope. This is not a forced, mechanical response, but a creative instinct at the moment he chose this challenge. Since then, people have a quiet, calm, steady mood, free and easy feelings, and everything is called by human nature.
Recognizing the diversity of this society is to give yourself more opportunities, and the position can be tried at multiple levels. This attempt must be thought deeply. With thinking, you can do whatever you want on the channel of life, seek spiritual liberation and ideological independence, you will find the position you have repeatedly thought about, and you will have the value of building a society.
The sail is about to sail, and the lighthouse is ahead.
Model essay format 3: light the lights of thousands of households. A rich man who is enthusiastic about charity donated money to three poor families, but he got a completely different answer.
The family refused and thought it was charity. This is a warning.
The family hesitated and declared that it was a concern to pay back the money.
The family thought it was a good thing happily and gratefully.
In the face of others' goodwill and goodwill, we should respond with goodwill. In this process, love is transmitted and goodness is carried forward.
People who quit are wary and alert, which is really unacceptable. Just like when you were hungry and cold in the cold wind, suddenly someone brought a cage of hot steamed bread, but you scoffed, held your head high and left. How chilling! Compared with charity, it should be said that it is help and mutual assistance. There is no difference between the rich and the poor. What connects each other should be the warm ties of progress and the pursuit of public happiness. If you are on guard, you will build a cold high wall, which is impenetrable and impenetrable by love.
Worrying is anxiety and anxiety, not the best policy. Worried people turn the relaxed goodwill of others into an invisible burden on their shoulders. They understand that acceptance is rewarded, but they don't fully understand the connotation of this reward. They focus on the donations they receive, wondering whether they can afford this heavy debt in the future, but they don't know that if they integrate the goodwill they accept into their lives and spread it out, they will try their best to light up the hearts of those who need light more. This is the best reward. The so-called trouble is also trouble.
Good people are influenced by external things and come from the heart. Accept goodwill and understand the goodness of others; Learn to be grateful and light up your heart. In times of crisis, grasping the helping hand extended by others at the right time is not only acceptance, but also inner magnanimity and clarity. If you refuse like a quitter, you will still struggle on the line of food and clothing in the future. More importantly, if you don't know how to accept, you won't know how to give. How much love can an occluded heart hold? If you are as worried as an alarmist, then your future life should be overwhelmed by the double pressure of spirit and material, accepting and only thinking about repayment. I don't know if it will spread to a wider scope and whether love will wither in your hands.
Only good, no tasteless precautions, don't think unnecessary ideas, know how to accept, and should be willing to share. So-called? People are kind, although the blessing has not arrived, the disaster is far away? This sentence applies not only to the giver, but also to the receiver. Accept and be grateful, let the light pass, illuminate yourself, warm others, and light thousands of lights.