202003 16
In the circle of friends, I saw someone send a few photos, which read "Mingshui Seventeen Spans the Bridge", and it was still a little tasty. I wanted to know more, so I went to Baidu. It's really good, but I see an obvious deficiency, that is, the bridge section is not bright, but it is very clear. It was built in Qianlong period and then expanded in Daoguang period.
Actually, I didn't mean to correct my mistake, but I really know more.
Jianshui, located in southern Xinjiang, is a county under the jurisdiction of Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. It is located on the north bank of Honghe and inhabited by ethnic minorities.
On a large scale, Jianshui is located in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and on a small scale, it is located in the southern margin of East Yunnan Plateau, so the average altitude here is around1300m. Like other plateau cities, Jianshui is located in a mountainous depression. On Google Maps, there is a mountain range in the east and two mountain ranges in the west. Three mountain systems form a T-shape, and Jianshui is at this intersection.
The east-west direction crosses Jianshui, which is the G323 of Jishi Expressway and ends in Jianshui from north to south. It is Tongjian Expressway, and the traffic here is still convenient.
There are familiar places around Jianshui. Whoever you are, just take out one and you'll be famous. For smokers, Honghe and Yuxi are near Jianshui. For tea drinkers, Pu 'er is not far away, let alone for tourists, such as the Stone Forest in Kunming and the terraced fields in Yuanyang.
It is said that the 17-hole bridge built by water is not as good as Beijing's in terms of organizational system and scale, but it is rare in terms of its unique characteristics.
The seventeen-span bridge under water, also called Shuanglong Bridge, is not a single building, nor is it the original form, but a compromise result after changes. It is said on the Internet that Shuanglong Bridge was named after the collapse of Chonghe River and Luhe River. There is no detailed search for further information about the two rivers. In a sense, Shuanglong Bridge should be located on the Luhe River.
In the early years, Lujiang may be very slender, and you can use a small bamboo bridge or a wooden bridge. However, due to the increase of water volume or flash floods in Lujiang, people began to build bridges with stones, that is, stone bridges. It is also because the Lujiang River is not wide, and the original stone bridge has only three holes. The bridge was built during the Qianlong period.
Now there are many three-hole stone bridges on the Lujiang River, which should be consistent with the previous state of Shuanglong Bridge. This point is described in detail in "New Horizon of Dawn" and "Lujiang Ancient Bridge in Jianshui, Yunnan". At the same time, it can be seen that the construction of stone bridges is the local norm.
If everything remains the same, there may not be a later Shuanglong Bridge, but the change happened in the early years of Daoguang. At that time, the water surface near Shuanglong Bridge suddenly widened 100 meters due to the diversion of mountain torrents and collapsed rivers into Lujiang River, making the original three-hole stone bridge a decoration and unusable. To this end, local residents can only build another 14-span bridge, which will be integrated with the original three-span stone bridge and become what it is today.
If the information is true, can it be judged that Luanchong River and Lujiang River are two independent rivers, at least the confluence point is not Jianshui, but the flash flood in the early years of Daoguang, which makes the two rivers that were originally diverted meet prematurely?
On the current map, you can still see a little bit of the original appearance.
Obviously, the east-west direction is Lujiang, and the area flowing through it is between two mountains, between Gaoying and Baijiaying. It should be a river collapse and a tributary.
Looking at Shuanglong Bridge on Google Maps now, you can vaguely see some old shadows.
It can be seen that the existing Shuanglong Bridge is more of a landscape than a necessary existence. At the same time, it can also be imagined that the area between the west side of a water area crossed by Shuanglong Bridge and the intersection with the Kuikou River is the original channel where the Kuikou River enters the Lujiang River. However, due to the reduction of river breaks and the narrowing of rivers, this area is occupied by people. After all, there is not much land in this place. Now the water where Shuanglong Bridge is located is not so much a river as a lake, and the Shuanglong Bridge across the water has become one of the scenic spots.
The aerial view of Shuanglong Bridge shows that the wider part of the upper part is the original three-hole stone bridge, and the island-like land under the bridge should be the south bank of the original river, that is to say, between here and the upper land, it is the location of the original river. From there down, the narrow part, all the way to the present south bank, is the newly-built part, and the two parts together constitute the present Shuanglong Bridge, that is, the 17-hole bridge.
The specific details of Shuanglong Bridge will not be described, but you can see the attached drawings.
In Jianshui, there are many landscapes and cultural relics. Jianshui Chaoyang Tower, namely Dongcheng Gate Tower, was built before Tiananmen Square in Ming Dynasty, and its form can be compared with Tiananmen Square. There is also the Confucian Temple in Jianshui, which I want to see. Unfortunately, I can only read it on the map. According to some data, Jianshui pottery is also very famous, and we don't know much about it. We can only mention it and take it with us.
That's all about Jianshui and Shuanglong Bridge.
Appendix: Excerpts from the Research on Jianshui Tourism Image
Jianshui County is located in the south-central part of Yunnan Province, on the north bank of the middle reaches of the Red River and on the southern edge of the eastern Yunnan Plateau, with an area of 3789KM. Belonging to Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, 1.994 and 1 month were approved by the State Council as national historical and cultural cities and national key scenic spots. Jianshui has a history of 1200 years. Because the city is built by water, it is called Jianshui. Ming (1368- 1644) and Qing (1644-191) are the first cities in Lin 'an, so they are also called Lin 'an.
As early as the Han and Tang Dynasties, Jianshui has become a major traffic artery in southern Yunnan, and communication with "Antong Tianzhu Road" is another passage of the Southern Silk Road. At present, Jianshui plays an important role in the main road from Kunming to the south and southeast of Yunnan.
Jianshui county has a complex geological structure with typical geological characteristics in Yunnan, and the main structural system is Yunnan gable structure. Jianshui County is located in the southern margin of the eastern Yunnan Plateau, at the junction of two terrain areas. The topography of the county is complex, with high topography in the south and low topography in the north, and various landforms, mainly the plateau karst landform, and the karst landform in the county is strongly developed. There are hills, basins, middle and low mountains, river valleys and so on. The highest point of the county is in Wulaofeng in the south, with an altitude of 25 15 meters; The lowest point is Atuzhai in red river valley, with an altitude of only 230 meters and a relative height difference of 2,285 meters. These three-dimensional landscapes have brought new ideas for the development of Jianshui tourism.
The rivers in Jianshui County are palm-leafed, and there are 26 main rivers with a flow of 363.8 kilometers, belonging to Nanpanjiang River system and Honghe River system. Nanpanjiang River flows through the county seat for 36 kilometers, and its first-class tributaries include Hujiang River, Qujiang River, Daqing River and Chake River. Among them, Hujiang River flows into Jianshui Bazi, Miandianchong Cave and Yanzi Cave, which are famous scenic spots, and becomes an underground river twice, with a flow of about 3km, showing typical karst characteristics and constructing the water landscape of Jianshui Cave tourism. The Red River flows through the southern edge of Jianshui County and becomes the boundary river between Jianshui and Yuanyang. Jianshui is located in the low latitude zone, and the Tropic of Cancer runs through southern Xinjiang. The sun has a large height angle all year round, long illumination time, long frost-free period and good heat conditions. There is no winter in summer, and autumn is connected with spring. These climatic characteristics provide good conditions for year-round tourism.
The natural vegetation in Jianshui is mainly coniferous forest (Pinus yunnanensis), evergreen shrub and evergreen broad-leaved forest. Due to the influence of topography, the distribution of vegetation is vertical zonality, which also creates good conditions for the survival of various organisms, especially the growth and reproduction of birds and animals. The forest coverage rate of the county is about 33. 1%, and the economic trees are mainly walnuts, rape, persimmons, dates, chestnuts, palm trees and various fruit trees, which provides a good foundation for the development of Jianshui green eco-tourism.
Jianshui has a long history. Huili City was built in the Tang and Yuan Dynasties (806-820 AD), and Lin 'an House was located in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a history of 1200 years. Jianshui has been the political, military and cultural transportation center in southern Yunnan since the Yuan Dynasty. 1994 is also listed as a national historical and cultural city and a national key scenic spot.
① Chaoyang Tower, the East Gate Tower of Jianshui, is located in the center of the county seat and is a symbol of Jianshui County. Chaoyang Tower was built in the 22nd year of Ming Hongwu (1389), more than 600 years ago. It is one of the main symbols of the long history of building water in southern Yunnan and the symbol of the ancient town on the border of the motherland. During the Tang and Yuan Dynasties, Nanzhao regime built Huili City here, which was a earthen city. In the twenty years of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, after the Ming army pacified Yunnan, it set up and built forests, and expanded the land into brick cities on the basis of the original earth cities. There are four gates in the city, namely Ying Hui at the east gate, Fuan at the south gate, Qingyuan Gate at the west gate and Yongzhen Gate at the north gate. In the late Ming Dynasty, the northwest, south and north floors were destroyed by war, leaving only the East Building.
(2) Jianshui Confucian Temple, built in full accordance with the style of Qufu Confucius Temple, adopts a palace style with symmetrical north-south axis, and symmetrically arranges multiple single buildings on the east and west sides. There are 37 original main buildings, including one pool, two halls, two halls, three pavilions, four doors, five pavilions, five temples and eight squares. Now, except Xingtan, Sheji, Respect Pavilion, Wenxing Pavilion, Jingyi Pavilion and Zhaiting Pavilion, the other 3 1 buildings are well preserved. The whole building is magnificent and rigorous in structure, which gives people a sense of solemnity and adds extremely rich traditional cultural connotation to Jianshui, a famous historical and cultural city in China.
(3) Jia Zhu Garden, a new street built in Jianshui Ancient City, has a group of large-scale houses in Qing Dynasty, which is a Jia Zhu garden with the reputation of "Grand View Garden in South Yunnan". Jia Zhu Garden is the home and ancestral hall of the rich gentry Zhu in the late Qing Dynasty. It was built in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, which took about 30 years before and after, and was finally completed in Xuantong period. The building covers an area of more than 20,000 square meters, including a building area of more than 5,000 square meters. The main building is "four vertical and three horizontal" layout, which is a typical side-by-side combined residential complex in Jianshui.
① Swallow Cave is near the road from Chicken Street to Jianshui. In front of the cave, the ancient trees are towering, the ground is covered with shade, the stone buds are clustered, and the stone bones are phosphorus. "I don't know where the door is in the mountains, and the white clouds at the mouth of the cave breathe out." This is the description of the scenery of the cave by the ancients, and it still retains the style of the past. Go along the newly-built cement stone steps, turn around along the path with forest prefix, and you can reach the entrance of Yanzi Cave. The hole is like a hall, transparent on all sides, spacious and bright. Inscriptions such as "chinese odyssey", "Unique Scenery" and "Ancient Han Chun" are engraved on the cave wall. Among them, the word "locked in the cave for three days" is quite interesting. In the long years of millions of years, the dissolution of groundwater and rainwater has caused strange changes in limestone here. This cave is not only winding and deep, but also magical and beautiful. And there is a hole in the hole, and there is a day outside; Standing in three different places in the cave, you can see three different shapes of the sky. Yanzi Cave is famous for its wonders of ancient caves, Chun Yan, stalactite hanging tablets and bird's nest picking skills.
② The Cave Scenic Area is located in the blind valley at the foot of the mountain about eight kilometers east of the county seat, which is the outlet of Jianshui Dam and covers an area of about ten square kilometers. There are huge limestone caves, Tianzhu Tower with profound connotation, natural floor drain sinkholes and Dongshan Ancient Temple built in Qing Dynasty, which are treasures of natural and human resources.
Cave is a karst cave group, which developed in Ming Dynasty. Known as the "first cave in southwest China" in history, it is also the core area of the whole scenic spot. It is divided into front, middle and back holes, which run through Shan Ye. The former cave is called Yunshui Cave, where Lujiang flows into the cave and becomes an undercurrent. The mouth of the cave is engraved with Mohist Rock inscribed by local celebrities in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The stalactites in the cave are of strange shapes and various shapes. On one side of the cliff canyon at the mouth of the cave, Jianshui people commemorate the ruins of Shaobao Temple where E Ertai, a great official of the Qing Dynasty, managed the Lujiang River. The cave in the middle is called Yunjin Cave, which is about 1.5 km away from the previous cave. Under a cliff in the mountain stream, there are countless cliff carvings at the entrance. Its great momentum has made Xu Xiake admire for decades. He once walked in it, leaving behind an ancient travelogue of the cave. It is a famous tourist attraction and the first choice for scientific research and exploration.
The music and dance of the Han people offering sacrifices to Confucius and the music of the Cave Sutra, the "encouragement" and "long street banquet" of the Hani people, the knives of the Hani people, the lanterns and cigarette box dances of the Yi people, the Miao people's stepping on Huashan Mountain, and the lifestyle and customs of the Dai people are all colorful, showing the rich ethnic customs of Jianshui.
References:
A New Vision of Dawn: Lujiang Ancient Bridge in Jianshui, Yunnan
Gao Wei, research on Jianshui tourism image, graduate thesis.