1, APA format (American Psychological Association)
APA is a format indicating reference sources, which is mainly used for academic standards such as social sciences, and many domestic journals also adopt APA format. APA format is characterized by using the author's surname and publication year as citation marks, such as (Smith, 2020), and listing a complete list of references at the end of the article, arranged alphabetically by the author's surname.
Information in the bibliography (such as author, title, publishing house, etc.). ) there is a fixed order and punctuation. APA format also stipulates the format of the paper in terms of layout, title, abstract, tables, charts and so on.
2.MLA format (Modern Language Association)
MLA is a format for expressing reference sources, which is mainly used in humanities (such as language, literature, art, etc. ). The MLA format is characterized by using the author's surname and the page number of the cited part as the citation marks in the article, such as (Smith 12), and listing a complete list of references at the end of the article, arranged alphabetically by the author's surname.
Information in the bibliography (such as author, title, publishing house, etc.). ) there is a fixed order and punctuation. MLA format also stipulates the format of the paper's layout, title, abstract, table, chart and so on.
3. Chicago format (CMS format)
Chicago format, also known as Chicago format or CMS format, is a format for expressing reference sources, which is mainly used in humanities (such as history, philosophy, religion, etc. There are two citation methods in Chicago format: annotation method and author date method. The marking method is to use superscript numbers as reference marks in the text, such as Smith1("1"should be superscript), and list footnotes or endnotes at the bottom of each page.
The author's date method takes the author's surname and publication year as citation marks, such as (Smith, 2020), and lists a complete list of references at the end of the article, arranged alphabetically by the author's surname. Either way, the Chicago format stipulates the order and punctuation of all kinds of information (such as author, title, publishing house, etc. ) in the reference information.
4.IEEE format (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers).
IEEE is a format for representing reference sources, which is mainly used in the fields of electrical engineering and computer science. The characteristic of IEEE format is that Arabic numerals are used as citation marks in the text, such as [1], and a complete list of references is listed at the end of the text, numbered according to the citation order. Information in the bibliography (such as author, title, publishing house, etc.). ) there is a fixed order and punctuation.