First, the main psychological characteristics of juvenile delinquency
materialism
In the past three years, crimes committed for money accounted for 58% of the total number of juvenile crimes, ranking first. Investigation shows that robbery is the main type of juvenile delinquency today. According to the statistics of Shandong Juvenile Correctional Institution, crimes against property accounted for 75.53% of the crimes in the same period. Robbery accounts for more than 50% of juvenile crimes in Wuhan. The proportion of violent robbery crimes in Xi ranks first. In the past three years, robbery accounted for 55%, theft accounted for 28.5%, and other cases accounted for 16.5%. According to the statistics of the People's Procuratorate of Longmatan District in Luzhou City in recent three years, among the numerous juvenile crimes, financial crimes such as theft and robbery account for 50.7% of the total juvenile crimes, ranking first.
(2) barbarism and cruelty
The number of juvenile delinquency in China is increasing year by year, showing a vicious development trend. In order to achieve the purpose of crime and realize the desire of crime, some teenagers are not only cruel in criminal means, but also reckless. Among them, intentional injury is the most common, which often leads to serious injury, disability and even death of the victim.
(3) collectivity
Teenagers often close themselves in front of their parents, and prefer to be with partners of similar age and similar interests to form groups, so that the organizational form of juvenile delinquency has the characteristics of gangs. Although young and strong, young criminals have physical advantages, but due to lack of experience in committing crimes, their thoughts are not mature enough and their abilities are poor. Gangs can encourage each other to commit crimes, which can alleviate their fear and loneliness to some extent. Therefore, gang crime has become the main form of juvenile delinquency, which is extremely harmful to society.
be on an impulse
The psychological impulse of juvenile delinquency is often manifested in the suddenness of the case. Compared with adults, juvenile offenders tend to have simple motives, unclear purposes and strong randomness, and sometimes even show strange abnormal psychology that normal people can't understand. Because teenagers in this period have fast physical growth, high metabolic rate of physiological energy, strong physiological influence of sex, and their activity energy exceeds cognitive level. However, they are not fully mature psychologically and physically, lack the ability to judge and distinguish complex things, and are easy to commit unexpected criminal acts.
Imitation and suggestibility
The age of juvenile offenders is mostly between 14 and 18. From the perspective of physical development, great changes have taken place in the physiology and psychology of teenagers in this age group, with strong imitation ability and curiosity, but weak ability to distinguish right from wrong. Under the influence of impulse and curiosity, it is easy to imitate some scenes and plots in movies, TV and online games, and some recent criminal tricks in novels or real society.
(6) Playfulness
Novel and exciting games are very attractive to teenagers and can be their motivation. Many teenagers, because of their low moral level and poor spiritual life, lack interest in proper study, work and entertainment activities or can't participate for a long time, and feel spiritual emptiness and boredom. In pursuit of excitement, they often commit crimes without regard for morality and law. These teenagers lack the adjustment and control of their own banter psychology, and take pleasure in violating others to satisfy their low-level spiritual desires.
Second, the main causes of juvenile criminal psychology
Why do teenagers have the above-mentioned criminal psychology? What are the causes of juvenile criminal psychology? Let's discuss the main causes of juvenile criminal psychology in China.
(A) the family impact
1, parents' words and deeds. Parents are children's first teachers, and their words and deeds have an intuitive and important influence on teenagers. The kindness and integrity of parents will lay the foundation for children to form a good personality. On the other hand, parents' treacherous, rude and cruel personality will make children learn and follow suit and embark on the road of breaking the law and committing crimes.
2. Family disharmony can easily lead children to commit crimes. The crime rate of children from divorced families is 4.2 times that of healthy families. After the parents divorced,13 children felt depressed and lacked goals and ambitions within five years. The parents of these children often think that the children with conduct disorder are morally corrupt, so they let themselves go, making their psychology and behavior more and more unable to adapt to the social environment, thus resulting in behaviors that endanger others and society. 3. Improper education. The typical performance of improper education is that parents overindulge their children, or treat them with simple and rude methods such as beating and cursing, corporal punishment in disguised form. Some parents only pay attention to their children's intellectual factors, but ignore their moral education. Some parents stick to the creed of "success with sticks" and make unrealistic demands on their children, which leads them to feel that the contrast between ideal and reality is too great, so they run away from home and wander outside, which is easy to be dragged down by criminals in society with rhetoric.
4. Give up education. Giving up education is a worse education than doting and beating and scolding. Parents are busy with work, making money in business, dancing and gambling, or they have bad feelings and divorce, so they have no time to take care of their children, which leads to the abnormal mentality of teenagers, such as being withdrawn, introverted, unsociable and hating the opposite sex, and thus embark on the road of crime.
(2) Social impact
Corruption and unhealthy atmosphere in society have caused great corrosion and influence on teenagers.
1, the influence of bad culture. At present, books, newspapers, audio-visual products in the cultural market are full of violent murders, feudal superstitions, obscenity and pornography that are harmful to people's physical and mental health. At the same time, TV media at all levels have introduced a large number of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan film and television works, many of which exaggerate violent murder and obscenity. These polluted social and cultural living environments have had a very bad influence on young people who are not deeply involved in the world.
2. The influence of money worship and hedonism. At present, our country is in the primary stage of socialism. The blind expansion of high consumption consciousness, the desire to pursue material money and the decadent idea of seeking pleasure have seriously eroded the physical and mental health of teenagers. Some teenagers can't stand the temptation of all kinds of material pleasures, and under the influence of some external factors, they may embark on the road of crime. At present, the widening economic income gap has caused the psychological imbalance of teenagers, induced their desire for money and material things, and made some teenagers commit crimes crazily in order to obtain ill-gotten gains.
(C) the impact of school education
At present, some schools do not give enough ideological and legal education to young students, and many young students lack correct ideals and beliefs. The education system is flawed.
1, legal moral education lags behind. Due to the lack of legal knowledge, young students don't know what is illegal and what is a crime, and there is no standard to distinguish right from wrong in their minds, which is another important reason for juvenile delinquency. In the final analysis, the main reason is that schools do not pay enough attention to legal education and become a mere formality.
2. The teaching method is simple and lacks diversity. In recent years, the number of students addicted to Internet cafes has gradually increased. These students hate learning. They think learning is boring and not as exciting as online games. This is mainly because the education in most schools is often confined to classroom teaching, and the teaching method is single, and a single indoctrination method is often adopted, lacking vivid and intuitive education, which makes education fail to achieve good results.
3. Dislocation of school education. Teachers should have a respectful, caring, trusting and equal attitude towards students. Today, when quality education is strongly advocated, some schools and teachers still insist on academic performance as the only criterion to measure students' quality, and there is serious inequality in emotional input. This infringes on the right to education of teenagers and activates the criminal behavior of individual teenagers.
Thirdly, preventive measures should be taken to prevent the generation of juvenile criminal psychology.
Facing the new characteristics of juvenile delinquency in recent years, families, schools and society should take active actions to prevent the occurrence and spread of juvenile delinquency by implementing the "four projects".
(a) Implementation of the "Family Cell" project
Family is the cell of society. To curb juvenile delinquency, we must first start from the family. So what should families do to prevent juvenile delinquency?
1, parents should observe their children's words and deeds and talk to them more. Under normal circumstances, juvenile delinquency is a precursor, so parents should observe it carefully and guide it in time. If parents can find and give correct guidance in time, crime will be eliminated in the bud. At the same time, parents should communicate more with their children and communicate with them calmly to create a harmonious and democratic family atmosphere.
2, strict education, don't cover up justifying a fault. If a person's children make mistakes, if they still cover up, it will certainly encourage their arrogance and eventually push their children into the abyss of crime. Therefore, parents should overcome their vanity, tell their teachers and neighbors about their children's bad words and deeds, strive for their help and cooperation, form a supervision circle around their children, urge and guide them from all aspects, and make their children turn over a new leaf and grow up healthily.
3. Educate children with healthy thoughts and behaviors. Parents should guide minors to carry out activities beneficial to their physical and mental health, and prevent and stop minors from smoking, drinking, wandering, gambling, taking drugs and prostitution. Parents' words and deeds are children's role models, and parents' criminal history will have an extremely negative impact on children's words and deeds, thus inducing children to go astray in crime. 4. Adhere to the combination of prohibitive warning and positive education. Prohibitive warnings can curb criminal behavior. Teenagers, especially minors, are in a critical period of life development, with immature minds and strong plasticity. Therefore, when dealing with juvenile delinquency, we must focus on prevention and education, rather than simply beating, cursing and punishing to solve the problem.
We should correctly understand and treat parents' divorce. Teenagers long for maternal love and fatherly love. When parents divorce, they must guide their children, educate them to correctly treat the objective facts of their parents' divorce, and help them to be self-respecting, self-loving, self-reliant and self-reliant. At the same time, divorced parents should give their children more love, avoid family shadows hanging over their children, and ensure the healthy growth of their children after their parents divorce.
(B) the implementation of campus "seedling" project
Schools should strengthen legal education on the basis of strengthening political, ideological and moral education, so that young people can receive a good education in a stable living and learning environment.
1, school education should combine teaching and educating people. Schools should not only teach students knowledge, but more importantly, teach students how to behave. Teachers should first improve their own quality, set an example in students' moral quality education, and help students establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values. Schools should strengthen moral education and put it in the same important position as cultural education.
2. Give "poor students" more respect and care. Discrimination against poor students is not only an educational problem, but also a social problem. Strictly speaking, there are no poor students in the world. But education has become a slave to scores, and the whole society is fighting for scores. This is the chief culprit of poor students. It is necessary to dilute the scores and be kind to every educational object. Only in this way can we eliminate the hierarchical concept among students, reduce juvenile delinquency, and fill in the mud pond of "poor students", which is also the greatest understanding of "poor students"
3. Vigorously carry out psychological counseling. The survey shows that 79% of teenagers have psychological barriers. Schools should strengthen psychological counseling for teenagers and set up institutions such as "Youth Legal Education Center" and "Psychological Counseling Room" to provide psychological counseling for students, so that students' psychological problems can be found and treated in time.
4. Enhance students' legal awareness. Schools should offer legal courses, strengthen legal training and education for young students, and help young students understand and distinguish what is illegal, what is legal, what is prohibited by laws and regulations, and what is allowed or even encouraged by laws and regulations. According to the age and characteristics of teenagers, typical cases are summarized and refined from daily life, so that they can educate themselves and learn to distinguish right from wrong.
5. Improve the surrounding environment of the campus. The surrounding environment of campus is often an important factor to induce juvenile delinquency. In order to further improve the surrounding environment of the school, the relevant departments should strictly manage the business premises such as Internet cafes and video game rooms. Local public security organs can set up public security duty rooms or alarm points near schools, strengthen public security patrols around the campus, crack down on the black forces around the campus, and provide a safe and stable learning environment for young people.
6. Strengthen the protection of teenagers. Teachers should respect students' personal dignity, and may not carry out corporal punishment, disguised corporal punishment or other insulting acts. Schools should not expel students at will, but should educate, care for and help them correct their mistakes, and should not push them to society irresponsibly.
7. Appropriate sex education for teenagers. According to the survey, the rate of juvenile sexual crimes has increased in recent years. Teenagers are always curious about sex and eager to know about it. China is a traditional ancient civilization. People are ashamed to talk about sex. There is almost no sex education in our school education. In today's reform and opening up, schools should vigorously carry out sex education among teenagers, uncover the mystery of sex for teenagers, guide them out of the quagmire, and thus stay away from crime.
(C) the implementation of social "shelter forest" project
1, strengthen leadership and clarify the key groups for preventing juvenile delinquency. Party committees and governments at all levels should earnestly strengthen their leadership in the prevention of juvenile delinquency, coordinate and give full play to the roles of political, legal, educational, youth league and other departments, and implement the prevention of juvenile delinquency. According to the distribution characteristics of juvenile offenders, we focus on five groups: primary and secondary school students, idle teenagers, migrant workers, street children and criminals.
2. Eliminate the pollution of "psychotropic drugs" and purify the social environment in which teenagers grow up. First, intensify efforts to purify the cultural market. The second is to intensify the punishment of corruption and optimize the social atmosphere. At the same time, it is necessary to unblock the combination, strengthen the construction of cultural products and educational activities for young people, give full play to the educational functions of cultural, scientific and technological sports facilities, enrich children's lives with colorful and beautiful things, and provide good social and cultural conditions for the healthy growth of young people. 3. Focus on the community and do a good job in the construction of grass-roots institutions, teams, positions and carriers. Grassroots units are the basis for preventing juvenile delinquency. Through the construction of working hardware and software, we will solve the problem of "someone is responsible, someone is doing it, there is a place to do it, and there is something to do" in grassroots prevention work, and improve the ability of grassroots prevention and control of juvenile delinquency.
4. Explore the establishment of a long-term mechanism to prevent juvenile delinquency. Focusing on special rectification actions is only a short-term behavior. We must establish and improve the leadership mechanism, early warning and monitoring mechanism, coordination and linkage mechanism, supervision mechanism, incentive and restraint mechanism and guarantee mechanism to improve the systematic, scientific, regular and standardized level of juvenile crime prevention.
5. Strengthen and improve the way of rural vocational and technical education, and broaden the employment channels for rural teenagers. In recent years, the number of crimes committed by rural teenagers in cities is on the rise. Mainly because these teenagers have no skills or jobs, they wander the streets of the city all day, and in order to survive, they will commit some illegal acts such as theft, robbery and fraud. Therefore, the government should strengthen the education of rural teenagers and reduce and prevent juvenile delinquency.
6. Adhere to the combination of social protection and self-protection. First of all, we should strengthen the judicial protection of teenagers. Public security organs, people's procuratorates and people's courts should take care of the physical and mental characteristics of minors when handling juvenile criminal cases, and may set up special institutions or designate special personnel to handle them according to needs. Secondly, efforts should be made to improve the self-protection awareness of young people, teach them to use legal weapons to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, and consciously resist the temptation and infringement of various bad behaviors and illegal and criminal acts.
7. Strengthen legal education. It is necessary to seriously explore and study new methods and new ideas to carry out legal publicity and education among teenagers, implement legal publicity and education, and make the majority of teenagers self-discipline according to law and fight against illegal acts according to law. Relevant departments should go deep into schools and rural areas and carry out legal publicity and education activities that are entertaining and entertaining.
8. Provide social help for teenagers. Workers, youth, women and other units work closely with their schools or village (neighborhood) committees and families to help with education, and at the same time do a good job in the education of backward and minor criminals. Establish social prevention mechanism and rescue education network to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of young people.
Implement the "prodigal son returns" project.
It is not good to correct mistakes. Therefore, while studying juvenile delinquency, we must take care of "flowers", and we should not abandon juvenile delinquents like pinching a flower damaged by pests and diseases. We should help and care for the young people who have lost their feet, treat them with a development and change perspective, and don't "kill them with one stick", and don't let the young people who have lost confidence in life and repeat the same mistakes. Adhere to the principles of education, probation and salvation, and adhere to the principles of combining education with trial, combining punishment with education, giving priority to education and supplementing punishment. Through legal publicity and education, let them realize the illegality and social harm of their actions and improve their legal awareness. It is more meaningful to implement the project of "the prodigal son will never change his money" than to simply punish him.
Judicial organs and law enforcement organs should adopt different methods from adults and establish corresponding education systems to save juvenile offenders. The judicial organs should publicize widely, conscientiously implement the policy of "education, probation and salvation" and the principle of "combining education with trial, punishment with punishment, giving priority to education, supplemented by punishment", and adopt different methods from adults in the investigation, prosecution, trial and reform of juvenile offenders, focusing on education and salvation, so as to achieve the purpose of treating diseases and saving lives. Law enforcement departments should establish a system of follow-up visits and inspections, a system of assistance and education, and identify special personnel to help and educate juveniles sentenced to punishment, and conduct regular inspections to help them return to a healthy life.
In short, at present, in the prevention of juvenile delinquency, it is necessary to form a "trinity" of family, school and society, and take various effective measures to further purify the social atmosphere and create a healthy social environment through the joint efforts of the whole society, so as to guide the young people's thoughts to a positive track and make them gain something in employment.