The enterprise shall choose the above depreciation method according to the expected realization mode of the economic benefits contained in the fixed assets, and once the depreciation method is determined, it shall not be changed at will.
When an enterprise updates its fixed assets, it shall transfer the book value of the updated fixed assets to the construction in progress, and determine the original price of the updated fixed assets on this basis. Fixed assets stopped in the process of renewal and transformation are not depreciated because they have been transferred to projects under construction. After the renovation project is converted into fixed assets, depreciation shall be accrued according to the newly determined depreciation method and the service life of fixed assets. Take the exam.
Fixed assets that an enterprise has stopped building due to major repairs shall be depreciated according to the amount, and the depreciation shall be included in the relevant costs.
(1) Life-average method
(2) workload method
(3) Double Declining Balance Method (Master)
Double declining balance method is a kind of accelerated depreciation method, which is a method of calculating depreciation by multiplying the net book value of fixed assets by the straight-line depreciation rate at the beginning of each accounting period. The residual value of fixed assets is usually not considered when calculating the depreciation rate. Its calculation formula is:
Annual depreciation rate (double straight-line depreciation rate) =2/ estimated service life × 100%.
Annual depreciation = net book value of fixed assets at the beginning × double straight-line depreciation rate
In practical work, enterprises generally adopt simplified method to convert fixed assets into straight-line method two years before the expected service life expires.
Example 1 An enterprise uses the double declining balance method to accrue depreciation of mechanical equipment. The original value of a piece of equipment in this enterprise is160,000 yuan, the estimated net salvage value rate is 3%, and the estimated service life is 5 years.
The annual depreciation shall be calculated as follows:
Double straight-line depreciation rate =(2÷5)× 100%=40%
Estimated net salvage value = 160000× 3% = 4 800.
The first 1 year depreciation = 160 000×40%=64 000.
Depreciation in the second year = (160000-64000) × 40% = 38400.
Depreciation in the third year = (160000-64000-38400) × 40% = 23040.
4th year depreciation = (160 000-64 000-38 400-23 040-4 800) ÷ 2 =14 880.
5th year depreciation = (160000-64000-38400-23040-4800) ÷ 2 =14880.
(4) Sum of Years Method (Master)
The sum of years method is a depreciation method to calculate the depreciation of fixed assets in each year with the original value of fixed assets MINUS the estimated net salvage value as the base and the decreasing fraction as the depreciation rate.
Annual depreciation amount = (original value of fixed assets-estimated net salvage value) × annual depreciation rate
[Example 2] An enterprise purchases a set of equipment, the original value is 122 500 yuan, the estimated net salvage rate is 4%, and the estimated service life is 6 years. Depreciation is accrued by the sum of years method.
Estimated net salvage value = 122500×4% = 4900 yuan.
Depreciation accrual base =122500—4900 =117600 (yuan)
The first 1 year depreciation =117600× 6/21= 33600.
Depreciation in the second year =117600× 5/21= 28000.
Depreciation in the third year =117600× 4/21= 22400.
Depreciation in the 4th year =117600× 3/21=16800.
Depreciation in the 5th year =117600× 2/21=1/200.
6th year depreciation =117600×1/21= 5 600.
An enterprise shall, at least at the end of each year, review the service life, estimated net salvage value and depreciation method of fixed assets. If the expected service life is different from the original one, the service life of fixed assets should be adjusted. If the estimated net salvage value is different from the original estimated value, the estimated net salvage value should be adjusted.
If the expected realization mode of economic benefits related to fixed assets changes significantly, the depreciation method of fixed assets should be changed. Changes in the service life, estimated net salvage value and depreciation method of fixed assets shall be regarded as accounting estimates.
Example (multiple choice questions) (2007 test questions) Company D leases a set of equipment by means of financial leasing (the leased assets of the company account for 22% of the total assets of the enterprise), and the lease contract stipulates that the ownership of the equipment will be owned by Company D upon the expiration of the lease. On the lease start date, the original book value of the equipment was 3.48 million yuan, the present value and fair value of the minimum lease payment was 310.9 million yuan, the transportation and miscellaneous expenses were 85,000 yuan, the installation and debugging fee was143,000 yuan, and the business personnel's travel expenses incurred during the signing of the lease contract were10.2 million yuan. The lease period of this equipment is 6 years, the service life of similar equipment is 8 years, and the estimated net salvage value is 40,000 yuan. If Company D uses the life average method to accrue depreciation for this equipment, the amount of depreciation that should be accrued every year is () ten thousand yuan.
A.42.225
B.42.375
C.43.000
D.56.500
Q&ANo。 1 1 100303: This question is asked.
Answer b
The recorded value of fixed assets = 365,438+09+8.5+65,438+04.3+65,438+0.2 = 3.43 (ten thousand yuan), and the annual depreciation should be accrued = (343-4)/8 = 42.375 (ten thousand yuan).
Think about fixed assets that are not purchased all the year round. How to calculate depreciation?
Assuming that the original value of fixed assets is 5 million yuan, the depreciation period is 5 years, and the net salvage value is 200,000 yuan, the fixed assets were purchased on April 1 day in 2007, and the depreciation is accrued by double declining balance method. Q: What was the depreciation in 2007 and 2008?
A depreciation in 2007 = 500× 2/5× 8/ 12.
Depreciation in 2008 = 500× 2/5× 4/12+(500-200) × 2/5× 8/12.