The format of literature review is different from that of general research papers. This is because research papers focus on research methods and results, while literature review requires readers to introduce detailed information, trends, progress, prospects and comments on the above aspects. Therefore, the format of literature review is relatively diverse, but in general, it generally includes the following specific formats: summary topics; Author unit; Abstract; Keywords; Introduction; Text; Summarize; References.

(1) title

The topic is limited to 20 words (including subtitles). Can accurately reflect the main content of the article.

(2) Abstracts and keywords

The abstract is limited to 200 words. To be independent and self-sufficient, there should be no charts, long formulas, unknown symbols and abbreviations. You must give 3-5 keywords after the abstract, and use semicolon ";" Should be used in the middle. Separate.

(3) Introduction

The introduction part mainly explains the purpose of writing, introduces related concepts, definitions and the scope of review, and briefly explains the research status or debate focus of related topics, so that readers can have a preliminary outline of the problems to be described in the full text.

In the introduction (or introduction, introduction) part of the abstract, the following contents should be clearly written:

(1) First of all, explain the purpose of writing, and make clear the topics, problems and research fields of the review.

(2) Point out the general trend of published literature on review topics, and explain the definitions of related concepts.

(3) It is necessary to define the scope of the review, including the subject scope and time range involved in the special topic, and to specify the starting and ending years of the cited documents, as well as the standards for interpreting, analyzing, comparing and organizing the review order of the documents.

(4) Briefly explain the current situation of relevant issues or the focus of debate, and lead to the core theme of the written abstract, which is the most concerned and interested by readers and the main line of writing the abstract.

(4) Theme part

The theme part is the main body of the comment. There are many ways to write, and there is no fixed format. It can be summarized according to the time sequence of publication, different questions and different viewpoints. No matter which format is adopted, the collected documents should be summarized, sorted, analyzed and compared, and the historical background, present situation and development direction of the summary theme established in the introduction part and the comments on these issues should be made clear. In the theme part, we should pay special attention to the quotations and comments of representative, scientific and creative documents. The subject content can be flexibly arranged according to the review type.

The hierarchical title of the theme should be short and clear, limited to 15 words, without punctuation. The hierarchical division and numbering of the theme should use Arabic numerals (excluding the introduction), generally using two levels, the third level is marked with brackets (), and the middle is numbered.

The illustrations should be carefully selected and self-evident, and should not be repeated with the words and tables in the text. The order and names of the drawings should be displayed below the illustrations.

Tables should be carefully designed, simple in structure, easy to operate, self-evident, and the content should not be repeated with the text and illustrations. The table should be a three-line table, and auxiliary lines can be added appropriately, but diagonal lines and vertical lines cannot be used. The order and name of the form should be indicated at the top of the form.

(V) Summary part

The summary part, similar to the summary of the research paper, briefly summarizes the theme of the full text, echoes the preface, and points out the advantages and disadvantages or knowledge gaps of the main research methods in the existing research. If the author has research on the topic summarized, he'd better put forward his own opinions.

(6) References

Although references are placed at the end of the article, they are an important part of literature review. Because it not only shows the respect for the author of the cited literature and the basis of the cited literature, but also provides clues for readers to discuss related issues in depth. So take it seriously. The arrangement of references should be clear, easy to find and accurate.

References should be limited to the most important documents directly read by the author and published in official publications. No less than 30 articles are required.

First, the literature review and introduction

Including the scope of writing literature, the title of the text and the summary of the basic content;

Two. Literature review text

Including the history (seeking the development course of the research problem), present situation, basic content (seeking the progress of understanding), analysis of research methods (seeking the reference of research methods), solved problems and existing problems, focusing on and detailing the current influence and development trend, so that others can understand the starting point and breakthrough point of this research.

Three. The conclusion of literature review

Summarize my own research viewpoints, existing different opinions and problems to be solved.

Four. Appendix to literature review

List the references and explain the materials on which the literature review is based, so as to increase the credibility of the review and facilitate readers' further retrieval.

Format typesetting instructions:

1. The file summary is printed in word format (A4 paper).

2. The fourth title is centered

3. The author information No.5 is centered.

4. The line spacing of the fifth word is 1.5 times.

5. The fifth keyword is left aligned.

6. The line spacing of the fifth word in the text is 1.5 times.

7. The left-aligned line spacing of No.5 in the reference is 1.5 times.

8. Note that the left-aligned line spacing of the fifth word is 1.5 times.

9. The serial numbers of references are marked in the form of (1) and (2).

10. The serial numbers of comments appear in the form of upper right labels ① and ②, and are also marked in the form of ① and ② when they are entered in the references.

How to write the opening report of illustration graduation design? What are the requirements for your opening report?

How many words does the opening report need?

Have you finished the task book of the opening report?

Can you tell me the specific typesetting format requirements? I hope I can help you. Good luck.

The opening report mainly includes the following aspects:

(A) the name of the paper

The name of the paper is the name of the subject.

First, the name should be accurate and standardized. Accuracy means that the title of the paper should clearly explain what the problem is and what the research object is. The name of the paper must be consistent with the content of the study, neither too big nor too small, and you should accurately summarize your research objects and problems.

Second, the name should be concise, not too long. Whether it is a paper or a topic, the name should not be too long. Try not to use words if you can, generally no more than 20 words.

(2) The purpose and significance of the research.

The purpose and significance of research is why we should study and study its value. This can generally be based on the actual needs, pointing out that there is this problem in reality, which needs to be studied and solved, and what practical role this research has, and then writing the theoretical and academic value of the paper. These should be written more specifically and pertinently, and we should not shout slogans aimlessly. The main contents include: (1) the relevant background of the study (the proposal of the subject): that is, what is the basis and inspiration of this study. ⑵ By analyzing the local (school) education and teaching practice, point out why we should study this topic, the value of the research and the problems to be solved.

(3) The history and present situation of this thesis at home and abroad (literature review).

It should be standardized, and minor items can be omitted. Generally, it includes: mastering the breadth, depth and achievements of its research; Look for the problems that need further study, so as to determine the research platform (starting point), research characteristics or breakthrough point of this topic.

(D) The guiding ideology of the thesis research

The guiding ideology is what direction should be adhered to and what requirements should be met on a macro level. This direction or requirement can be philosophical and political theory, the government's educational development plan, and the guiding opinions for studying problems.

(E) the goal of writing a thesis

The goal of paper writing is the specific goal to be achieved at the end of the project, and what specific problems to be solved is the predetermined goal of this paper: the goal of writing this paper, the goal should be closely related to the project, and the words should be accurate, concise and clear.

Common problems are: not writing research objectives; The target deduction is not strict; The target word is inaccurate; The goal is set too high, and the predetermined goal has not been studied or can not be studied.

When determining the goal of thesis writing, on the one hand, we should consider the requirements of the subject itself, on the other hand, we should examine the actual working conditions and work level.

(6) The basic content of the paper.

The research content should be more specific and clear. And a goal may be achieved through several aspects of research, which are not necessarily one-to-one correspondence. When determining the research content, people often don't consider it very specifically. The research content of writing is particularly general and vague, and the purpose and significance of writing are taken as the research content.

The basic contents generally include: (1) the definition of the topic of the paper. Three points should be clarified as far as possible: research object, research problem and research method. ⑵ Definition of theories, nouns, terms and concepts related to this writing.

(7) Writing methods of papers

Specific writing methods can be selected from the following methods: observation, investigation, experiment, experience summary, case study, comparative study, literature and so on.

(eight) the steps of thesis writing

The steps of thesis writing are also the arrangement of the time and order of thesis writing. The steps of writing a thesis should fully consider the relationship and difficulty of the research content. Generally speaking, it starts with the basic problems and is carried out in stages. When each stage starts and ends, there must be rules. The main steps and time schedule of the study include: what stages are the whole study divided into; I hope I can help you with the start and end time of each stage.

How to write an opening report?

First of all, we should sort out the information collected in the preparatory work, including the name, content, theoretical basis, participants, organizational arrangements and division of labor, estimated time and funds, etc.

The first is the drafting of the title. The topic has been established in the preparatory work, so the topic of the opening report is not a problem. Just write down your research topic directly. For example, I once instructed a group of students to study the Lunjiao culture, such as "Lunjiao cake", Lunjiao woodworking machinery, and Lunjiao cultural relics. The proposed topic is "Research on Lunjiao Culture".

The second is the writing of content. The main contents of the opening report include the following parts:

First, the research background. The so-called discipline background mainly refers to why we should study this discipline, so some disciplines simply call this part "asking questions", which means why we should ask this question, or why we should ask this discipline. For example, the background of a project I directed, "Research on Lunjiao Culture", said that in the wave of reform and opening up, Lunjiao, as a corner of the Pearl River Delta, developed rapidly in economy, and at the same time, how did her culture develop, what achievements she made, what impact she had on residents, and what needs to be improved. Of course, there are many contents of background description, which can be social background or natural background. The key is what we have determined.

Second, the content of the study. The content of the subject research, as its name implies, is what our subject should study. For example, the subject "The New Eight Scenes of Foshan" directed by Mr. Huang Shu of our school, the research content is: "Focusing on the New Eight Scenes of Foshan, investigating the yesterday, today and tomorrow of Foshan's historical and cultural precipitation, and combining with the economic development trend of Foshan, making a feasibility report and development plan for developing cultural tourism with the new eight sceneries and new weather."

Third, the purpose and significance of the study.

The purpose of the study should be to describe what you hope to achieve in this study or what you hope to get. For example, the research topic of "Re-taking the Long March Road" directed by Mr. Ye in our school is described in the column of its research objectives:

1. By reappearing the course of the Long March and recalling the great achievements of the Red Army soldiers, we have a deeper understanding and feeling of the general situation of the Long March, what difficulties and obstacles we encountered on the way, and what the spirit of the Long March is.

2. Through the division of labor, cooperation, communication, presentation and explanation among the students in the group, cultivate the spirit of cooperation and participation and the ability of self-presentation.

3. Through this activity, students' information technology has been improved and their information literacy has been further improved.

Fourth, research methods.

In the part of "research methods", we should put forward the ways or procedures for our research group to solve this problem. Generally speaking, the research methods of research-based learning are: field investigation (the method of organizing students to conduct field investigation in their places of study, so as to draw conclusions), questionnaire investigation (the method of setting some questions according to the situation of the subject and the content to be understood, and investigating relevant personnel in the form of questionnaire), personal interview (the method of directly interviewing relevant personnel to master first-hand information) and literature investigation (by consulting various materials, charts, etc.)

Fifth, the steps of research.

The steps of subject research, of course, refer to what steps the subject has to go through to achieve the purpose of research. Therefore, this part should focus on our topic, which is about to be completed in several steps. Generally speaking, the basic steps of the subject research are nothing more than the following aspects: preparation stage, data access stage, field investigation stage, questionnaire investigation stage, interview stage, data analysis and arrangement stage, and summary and reflection stage of this subject.

Six, project participants and organizational division of labor.

This belongs to the management category of this study, but it can't be ignored. Due to poor management, students can't define their responsibilities, sometimes they are lazy or shirk their responsibilities, and sometimes they do repetitive work. Therefore, the organization and division of labor of project participants is very important. It is best to divide all the students involved in the research into several groups, and each group will elect a leader through democratic elections, who will be responsible for the task allocation and implementation of the group. Then according to the situation of this topic, the related research tasks are divided into several parts, and one group is responsible for one part. Finally, the team leader will organize personnel to summarize and sort out.

Seven, the project budget.

A project needs some funds to start, so finally, it is necessary to roughly estimate how much money this project needs, such as how much money it needs to collect information, the cost of field investigation, the cost of printing and distributing questionnaires, the space occupied by the research group, and the printing cost of some related materials and concluding reports. The so-called "the army has not moved, food and grass come first", without sufficient funds as the backing, the research of the subject will inevitably be difficult, stretched and even abandoned halfway. Therefore, the funds of this topic must be estimated at the beginning of the topic selection and planned in advance, so as to truly do the best research on this topic.

What is the meaning of literature review in undergraduate graduation thesis? How to write a literature review? Generally speaking, it is inconceivable that an academic paper has no abstract. Many students don't quite understand what the literature review mentioned in the opening report is. Or we have always regarded literature review as a reference or something. This article is to answer this question for everyone.

All the partners who write papers know review, which is literaturereview. After selecting the topic, on the basis of reading and understanding the literature in the research field involved in the topic, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis, summary and comment on the research status (including main academic viewpoints, previous research achievements and research level, focus of debate, existing problems and possible reasons), new levels, new trends, new technologies and discoveries, development prospects and other contents in this research field, and puts forward its own opinions and research ideas.

Generally speaking, literature review generally includes: abstract, introduction, theme and references.

I. Abstracts and keywords

Generally no more than 200 words, it is a brief statement that briefly explains the purpose, research method and final conclusion of the research work, in which the conclusion is the focus of the abstract.

Note: The abstract cannot contain charts, lengthy formulas, unknown symbols and abbreviations.

After that, select the key words that are of substantial significance to the expression of the paper from the title, abstract and text of the paper. The quantity is 3-5, and semicolons should be used between keywords. Separate.

Two. introduce

Introduction, also known as preface and introduction, is a paragraph in front of the main body of the paper, which is the opening remarks of the paper, explaining the ins and outs of this study to readers and attracting readers' interest in reading this article. The introduction roughly includes: What is the historical background and theoretical basis of this study? Why do you want to do this research? What is the theoretical or practical basis for choosing this topic? What are the innovations? What is the significance of this research in academic theory and practical application?

The introduction language should be concise, straight to the point, avoid being too long and too general, and don't deduct the topic.

Third, the theme part.

The theme part is the main part of the review, and there are various writing methods and no specific format, but no matter which review is chosen, the collected literature should be summarized, sorted out and analyzed.

1, the hierarchical title of the topic.

The title should be concise, without punctuation, and controlled within 15 words. The division and numbering of title categories are all numbered by Arabic numerals, generally using two levels, the third level is marked by brackets (), and the middle is numbered.

2. Illustration

The illustration is self-evident, and the picture should be clear and clear. Remember not to repeat the words and tables in the text, and indicate the order and name of the pictures below the illustrations.

3. Form

The table structure is concise, the lines are clear, and the contents should not be repeated with the contents and illustrations of the paper. It is best to use a three-line table, and auxiliary lines can be added appropriately, but be careful not to use diagonal lines and vertical lines. The form should indicate the order and name of the form.

4. Text

Is the focus of review, there is no fixed writing, as long as it can better express the comprehensive content. The text mainly includes two parts: argumentation and argumentation. By asking questions, analyzing and solving problems, we can compare different scholars' views on the same problem and their theoretical basis, and further clarify the context of the problem and the author's own views.

The text needs to make good use of connectors, and the structure and level should be developed naturally around the point of view, and it should be rigorous and logical.

Four. refer to

The number of references can reflect the breadth and depth of the literature read by the author. Although there is no rigid requirement for the number of references for graduation thesis, 30 articles are generally appropriate.

When selecting documents, we should pay attention to whether there are differences in some viewpoints, and if there are, we should specify them; Cite the literature as much as possible (that is, the original literature) to avoid the possibility of one-sided views in the second literature; Try to quote the documents with newer contents in recent years to avoid outdated views; It is suggested to quote the classic literature directly related to this study.

Attachment: Description format of academic papers and references

1. Monograph: [serial number] author. Title [M]. Version (1 version is not recorded). Place of publication: publisher, year of publication. Start and end page numbers.

2. Journal: [serial number] author. Title [J] Publication name, year, volume (issue): page number.

3. Proceedings of the conference (or compilation): [serial number] author, title [A], editor, name of proceedings [C], place of publication: publishing house, year of publication, starting and ending page numbers.

4. Dissertation: [serial number] author. Title [D] Address of degree conferring: degree conferring unit and year.

5. Patent: [serial number] Patent applicant. Patent name [P]. Patent country (or region): patent number and date of publication.

6. Scientific report: [serial number] author. Report title [R]. Number and place of publication: publisher and year of publication. Start and end page numbers.

7. Standard: [serial number] standard number, standard name. Date of promulgation.

8. Newspaper article: [serial number] author. Title. Name of newspaper, year-month-day (edition).

9. Electronic document: [serial number] Principal. Title of electronic document [identification and carrier type of electronic document]. Source or available address, date of publication or update/date of reference of the electronic document (optional).

10. Various undefined files: [serial number] Principal. Document title [Z]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.

Searching and reading literature is an important prerequisite for writing a review. The quality of the review depends largely on the author's mastery of the latest literature related to the subject. It can be said that if you don't do a good job in literature retrieval and reading, you can't write a good literature review.

Early detection of paper duplicate checking system, I wish you all a smooth pass ~ ~ ~