Generally speaking, the major of animal medicine is to train "veterinarians". Based on biology, it studies the occurrence and development of animal diseases, and diagnoses and prevents diseases on this basis. This paper discusses the reform and innovation of animal medicine. Let's have a look!
Combined with the situation of animal medicine specialty, this paper expounds the important position of practice teaching in cultivating high-quality innovative talents in colleges and universities, probes into the basic ways of practice teaching reform and innovation of animal medicine specialty, and holds that practice teaching should focus on cultivating students' hands-on operation ability and scientific research quality, so as to improve students' innovation ability and quality. More papers on animal medicine were published in the top journal paper net.
Keywords; Animal medical papers
1. Under the current situation, the employment situation of undergraduate students majoring in animal medicine is grim.
The State Council Press Office released 20 1 1 China's first White Paper on Human Resources in Employment Situation. Yin, a spokesperson, expounded the current employment pressure and contradictions in China: in 20 1 1 year, the employment situation in China was very severe, and the contradiction of the total amount of labor supply exceeding demand was very prominent. 20 1 1 year, the number of college graduates is expected to reach 6.3 million, and about 6 million students will not continue their studies after graduating from junior and senior high schools. In addition, there are a large number of laid-off workers and veterans in cities and towns who need employment. The number of people who need employment will reach about 24 million in the whole year, but only120,000 people can be employed at present, and the employment situation is very grim.
The animal medicine specialty of Sichuan Agricultural University was rated as "brand specialty" at the provincial level in Sichuan Province by the Sichuan Provincial Department of Education and "national specialty" by the Ministry of Education. 20 1 1 was selected as the comprehensive reform and construction major of "Higher Education Quality Project" in Sichuan Province. Animal medicine has become one of the most popular majors in our school, and the employment rate of graduates has reached 100% for many years.
2. Common problems in the training of animal medicine professionals in agricultural and forestry colleges.
The guiding ideology of employment-oriented teaching in animal medicine specialty is to cultivate high-quality animal medicine professionals who understand both professional theoretical knowledge and practical ability for the society. According to the characteristics and teaching guiding ideology of animal medicine specialty, there are still the following problems in the teaching of this specialty.
2. 1 The teaching form is single: theoretical courses are the main part, supplemented by clinical experimental operations.
The training goal of this major is to master basic theoretical knowledge and have the ability to engage in specific clinical work. However, the teaching of this major is mainly classroom teaching, and there are not many experimental courses related to teaching, and most of them are laboratory practice, so there are few channels for the comprehensive integration of teaching and clinical practice. Limited by professional characteristics, students can't do batch or long-term practice, which leads to insufficient participation in production practice, making students only have theoretical knowledge and relatively weak practical ability.
2.2 The assessment method is not perfect.
The examination method is still a combination of traditional grades and final exams, which can't reflect students' actual clinical practice ability. There is no separation between examination and teaching.
2.3 Lack of teachers and heavy scientific research tasks.
Specialized courses are comprehensive subjects, which determines that teachers should not only know theoretical knowledge, but also know clinical production practice and other knowledge. At present, in China's university education, most teachers have narrow professional knowledge and few compound talents. Moreover, due to the heavy scientific research tasks, the teaching quality of college teachers in China can not be guaranteed enough, which makes the teaching quality of undergraduates unable to be effectively improved.
3. In order to meet the needs of society, the teaching reform and innovation of animal medicine specialty must be carried out.
3. 1 Reform of teaching contents, methods and means.
Judging from the current situation, the courses of animal medicine are mostly based on theory, and there are not many clinical practice courses combined with the courses. In view of this situation, the teaching contents and methods have been reformed.
3. 1. 1 Teaching content reform. According to the teaching requirements of agricultural colleges, the teaching content emphasizes the application of basic theoretical knowledge and the cultivation of practical ability. The teaching of basic theory should aim at application, focus on necessity and availability, and the key is to cultivate students' practical ability.
3. 1. 1. 1 realizes the integration of curriculum structure and embodies the cultivation of functional skills. The unreasonable teaching of knowledge in a single course will not only lead to the waste of "transitional learning" and cut off the connection between disciplines, but also make it difficult to form the comprehensive ability needed to solve problems, resulting in "learning is useless". The specialized course of animal medicine should strengthen the knowledge connection with other disciplines and adopt the teaching method of "combining theory with practice". According to the examination requirements, the demand of the talent market for the professional quality of animal medicine, the job market information and job skills requirements, the specific implementation content of professional courses is determined, and the teaching content closely focuses on the content of animal medicine serving the social animal husbandry production.
3. 1. 1.2 Increase the content of practical teaching and cultivate students' practical operation ability. In order to enhance the practical ability of students majoring in animal medicine, the proportion of practical teaching content has been increased on the basis of teaching according to the practical teaching syllabus. It mainly includes course practice teaching, in-school simulation practice, off-campus academic year practice, off-campus graduation practice, graduation design (thesis) and so on. Actively promote the combination of work and study, and attach importance to the consistency between students' study at school and practical work. Actively promote the practical teaching mode of on-campus training and graduation practice. The intensive training of students' comprehensive skills simulation takes about one year for professional training, and the hours of practical links account for more than 40% of the total hours. In the specific teaching process, the opening rate of all professional training and experimental courses reaches 100%, and the practical teaching meets the requirements of talent training objectives, and the overall practical teaching effect is remarkable.
3. 1. 1.3 Reform of teaching methods and means. Appropriate teaching methods and advanced teaching means are important factors to improve teaching quality. In order to ensure the quality of teaching implementation, we should actively carry out the reform of teaching methods, vigorously promote teaching methods such as case, discussion and heuristic, reform traditional teaching methods, improve teaching efficiency and ensure teaching quality.
Case-based teaching-eliciting and mastering various knowledge points through a large number of cases; The main method is to combine the contents of the class, select relevant cases, and ask students to use what they have learned to analyze cases, find problems, analyze problems, and find solutions to problems.
Discussion teaching-In order to train students' thinking and expressive ability, students are required to choose some knowledge points to organize discussion and put forward and expound their own views on prevention and treatment. Students have a heated discussion. This method not only enlivens the classroom atmosphere, but also achieves the teaching purpose.
Heuristic teaching-teachers inspire students' positive thinking in the teaching process, fully mobilize students' enthusiasm and initiative in learning, acquire knowledge and develop their abilities. ? Actively carry out multimedia teaching. The knowledge training of multimedia courseware making was held for teachers many times, which significantly improved the level of multimedia courseware making, basically realized PPT teaching, and the teaching effect was good, which was fully affirmed by students. Multimedia teaching has increased the amount of information in classroom teaching in a limited time. It can not only make teaching easy and lively, but also improve teaching quality and efficiency, and solve the problem of inconvenient and time-consuming writing on the blackboard. Make use of campus network to do a good job in auxiliary teaching and increase the number of online courseware. So that students can study this professional course online at any time after class. The use of network resources in colleges and universities expands students' learning space, prolongs learning time, promotes students' autonomous learning and cultivates students' autonomous learning ability.
3.2 Teaching mode reform.
Teaching modes such as "classroom+laboratory", "classroom+practice base" and "teaching+company" are adopted. The combination of classroom teaching and practical teaching is an important starting point for the reform of educational talent training mode in agricultural universities. Strengthen practical practice, attach importance to the consistency between students' study and practical work, encourage and create conditions for students to practice in practice bases and farms in summer, holidays and after school hours, so that they can adapt to the needs of society and realize the "zero distance" between graduation and employment.
3.3 Examination mode reform.
The reform of examination in agricultural colleges is to give full play to the function of examination and realize the educational goal through the reform of examination concept, content, form and management in accordance with the principle of quality education.
3.3. 1 Update the examination concept. Establish the examination concept with "ability test" as the core. Establish an evaluation system based on "integrating production practical knowledge, operational skills and theoretical knowledge into the examination", and improve students' knowledge application ability, self-study ability and ability to analyze and solve problems through the guidance of the examination. Always adhere to the concept of modern education, talent and examination, and change the educational concept and mode that hinder the development of students' innovative spirit and creativity. Students can't be measured only by the difficulty and depth of the knowledge of courses and teaching materials and the test scores, but should really take the test as an effective means to realize the undergraduate education of animal medicine, rather than the educational goal itself.
3.3.2 Reform the examination content and establish the ability orientation of the examination. The examination questions are strictly in accordance with the outline requirements. According to the requirements of knowledge, ability and quality involved in the course, this paper analyzes and refines the knowledge, ability and quality of the course, then determines the teaching and learning methods according to these characteristics, and finally determines the evaluation method and assessment outline of the course effect. The examination content can reflect students' mastery of basic theories and skills, as well as their comprehensive ability to analyze and solve problems, rather than the simple repetition of classroom teaching content, and provide students with more opportunities for exploration. Encourage students to think independently and be unconventional, and consciously cultivate students' innovative consciousness and ability. Only in this way can the examination truly test and evaluate students' knowledge, ability and quality.
3.3.3 Construction of various forms of examination system, highlighting the diversity, pertinence and vividness of characteristic examination methods in higher vocational colleges, not limited to written examination, but also taking various forms such as clinical practical operation examination and production knowledge assessment in production stations. Classroom evaluation is also an important way. Teachers should observe and record students' performance in teaching activities, and can also inspect and evaluate students through interviews, formal classroom assignments, self-reliance project surveys, written reports, problem discussions and writing papers. For example, in the course of Veterinary Obstetrics, students' self-evaluation accounts for 5%, laboratory operation accounts for 10%, teacher assessment accounts for 10%, clinical practice accounts for 30%, production station accounts for 20% (both inside and outside the school account for 10%), and the final paper score accounts for 25%. Comprehensively measure students' academic performance in this subject.
3.3.4 Strengthen the examination management and constantly improve the examination management system.
First, a scientific evaluation system has been established. On the basis of in-depth investigation and study, we should conscientiously sum up experience and lessons, study and make use of the achievements of modern pedagogy and psychology, study and plan the evaluation system, and formulate evaluation standards for the quality of various test questions, so as to provide quality assurance for the objective, scientific and fair course examination.
Secondly, establish and improve the evaluation and feedback mechanism of test results. Comprehensive evaluation of examination results by combining summative examination with usual examination. At the same time, establish effective feedback channels and communication mechanisms, analyze examination results, sum up teaching experience and lessons, correct problems in time when found, and improve teaching quality.
Finally, do a good job in exam management. The construction of curriculum and examination syllabus has been improved, and "separation of teaching and examination" has been implemented. Strengthen examination management, constantly improve the examination management system, and strive to promote the scientific and standardized management of proposition, marking, invigilation and marking. Straighten out the relationship between departments, take exams seriously, and highlight the fairness and standardization of exams.
3.4 Vigorously improve the quality of professional teachers.
Most young teachers majoring in animal medicine teach directly after graduation, and their professional knowledge is relatively narrow. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of teaching staff and establish a professional teaching staff.
3.4. 1 Adhere to the policy of combining cultivation with introduction. For teachers with high academic qualifications and little practical experience, establish a system of participating in enterprise practical training to understand the development trend of the industry and improve their practical ability; Take turns to participate in the construction of teaching and training bases to improve practical teaching ability. Broaden the channels of talent introduction and change the practice of simply introducing teachers from college graduates. Increase the proportion of high-level talents introduced by enterprises, institutions and international students; By introducing or sending training in a planned way, teachers' knowledge structure will be gradually improved and teachers' training will be accelerated.
3.4.2 Adhere to the principle of complementary full-time and part-time jobs. Hire professors and industry experts from other institutions of higher learning as visiting professors of this major; Hire industry experts with a certain theoretical foundation and rich practical experience as part-time teachers to conduct "project guidance" and optimize the structure of teachers' quality team. Organize teachers to take the professional veterinary qualification examination. Through the training of existing teachers, more than 90% teachers in this major not only have solid theoretical knowledge, but also have certain practical production skills and production management experience.
3.5 Practice training course construction, college personnel training objectives.
School leaders decide the important position of practical courses, teaching practical courses and practice base construction in the multi-integrated curriculum system. To this end, this major focuses on strengthening the construction of practical courses such as clinical diagnosis, clinical skill training and competition, and has established practice farms and practice bases in the school. Actively contact foreign enterprises and institutions in the school to establish an internship base to meet the practical needs of students' internship production inside and outside the school.
4. Achievements brought by teaching reform
4. 1 Students' ability to adapt to society is enhanced.
Through the teaching reform and innovation of animal medicine specialty, students have learned solid theoretical knowledge and practical skills during their college years. After graduation, students will be able to adapt to the position of the employer in the first time.
4.2 Employment competitiveness is enhanced.
The employment rate of recent five graduates of this major reached 100%, and the graduates of animal medicine showed good comprehensive quality, which was affirmed by employers.
4.3 Good social evaluation.
Through the follow-up survey of some 2007 graduates, the overall evaluation of 2007 graduates by employers is obtained. Statistics show that 98.5% of them were rated as "good and above", 1.000% as "competent and above", and their satisfaction with employment guidance was 99.8%. From the feedback of employers, they love their jobs, work hard and are competent for their jobs after graduation; They are proactive in thinking and have certain innovative ability; They have a strong sense of teamwork and show certain organizational and management skills in various activities; They have a solid theoretical foundation and professional knowledge, are good at learning at work, can integrate professional knowledge into their work, and have strong practical ability; They have good psychological quality and good interpersonal relationship. Strong collective consciousness, honesty and credibility.
In a word, the teaching of animal medicine in agricultural colleges should be employment-oriented and market-oriented, and cultivate high-quality skilled talents of animal medicine who can not only master the solid theoretical foundation of animal medicine, but also engage in specific animal medicine business, master the basic theories and professional skills of animal medicine, animal science and clinical operation technology, have a certain level of professional foreign language and computer application, be brave in pioneering, be good at innovation, be down-to-earth, be proficient in business and be diligent.
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