Reference is the whole reference or quotation of a book or a paper in the process of academic research. The cited documents have been noted in the notes and no longer appear in the following references.

Literally, a reference is a document cited in the writing process, such as an article or a book. However, according to the definition of GB/T 77 14-20 15, the reference after the text refers to the relevant literature information resources cited for writing or editing papers and works.

According to the requirements of China Academic Journals (CD-ROM Edition) Retrieval and Evaluation Data Standard (Trial) and China Social Science Journals Arrangement Standard (Revised Edition), many publications distinguish between references and annotations, and define annotations as "words that further explain or supplement a certain content in a text", which are listed at the end of the article, separated from references or placed at the footer.

Extended data:

Reference example:

A. Monographs, papers, papers and reports

[serial number] Principal. Title of the document [Document Type ID]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication. Page number (optional).

Liu Guojun, Chen Shaoye, Wang Fengzhu. Library catalogue [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1957.438+05- 18.

[2] Xin Ximeng. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Information Technology and Information Services. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 1994.

Zhang Zhusheng. Invariant Sets of Differential Semi-dynamic Systems [D]. Beijing: Institute of Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, Peking University, 1983.

Feng Xiqiao. LBB Analysis of Pressure Piping and Pressure Vessel of Nuclear Reactor [R]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology Design and Research, 1997.

[5] Jill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985.

B. Journal articles

【 Serial number 】 Principal responsible person. File title [J]. Publication name, year, volume (issue): page numbers.

Jin Xianhe, Wang Changchang, Wang Zhongdong, et al. A digital filtering technique for on-line detection of partial discharge [J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Natural Science Edition),1993,33: 62-67.

[8] Heider, E.R. & ampD.C.Oliver. Color space structure in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999: 62-67.

Baidu Encyclopedia-References