A complete list of philosophy books from introductory to advanced;
Beginners/Beginners (at least 80% completed)
1. History of Western Philosophy, Skibeck or History of Western Philosophy, Tilly or A Brief History of Western Philosophy, Zhao Dunhua. Russell is not recommended, mainly because of too much prejudice and serious information distortion. It is better to buy the first two, which are easier to understand and clear.
2. Selected readings of western philosophy, Commercial Press. After reading any of the above books, it is necessary to read them from beginning to end as reference books.
3. The Republic and Phaedo, Plato
4. Metaphysics and Category, Aristotle
5. The first philosophical meditation, Descartes
6. The theory of human understanding, Locke
7. Ethics, Spinoza
8. Critique of pure reason, Kant. Read through patiently, you can refer to the annotated version.
9. Small logic, Hegel. Read through patiently.
10. The world as will and representation, Schopenhauer.
1 1. Nietzsche Zarathustra said.
12. God's new brain, Penrose. As the enlightenment of modern physics, mathematics, information theory and philosophy of mind. This book claims to be? Popular science? But the difficulty is not comparable to that of popular science works. Read through patiently.
13. Medieval Renaissance philosophy, Yu Biping.
14. History of China's philosophy, Feng Youlan.
15. Lao Tzu and Zhuangzi
16. The Doctrine of the Mean and University
17. Collation and interpretation of "Hua Yan Jin Shi Zhang" collected in France, Zhonghua Book Company Edition. All annotations should clearly see the basic ideas of Buddhism and middle-earth Buddhism; Otherwise, it is meaningless.
18. Neo-Confucianism Course in Song and Ming Dynasties, Chen Lai.
19. Introduction to Indian religious philosophy, Yao,.
In addition, there is no need to refer to too many other disciplines at this stage. If you are interested, you can expand your reading of the above bibliography and read introductory literature on psychology, mathematical logic and social science, which will not be repeated here.
For the advancement of western philosophers, readers should pay attention to modern philosophy from here. (at least 70% completed)
1. Research on human understanding/human nature theory, Hume. Have enough time to see the latter, and vice versa.
2. Kant's Critique of Practical Reason and Critique of Judgment. Pick only the key chapters.
3. Creative Evolution Theory, Bergson
4.pragmatism, James
5. Analyze the heart, Russell
6. General Theory of Pure Phenomenology, Husserl
7. Heidegger's Being and Time
8. Being and nothingness, Sartre
9. On logical philosophy and philosophical research.
10. Quinn, words and objects
1 1. A critical interpretation of Leibniz's philosophy.
12. general epistemology, Schrick.
13. The logic of scientific discovery, Popper
14. the structure of the scientific revolution.
15. Without basic knowledge, Faye Abend. Compare 13 and 14, and carefully weigh the views of this book.
16. The crazy history of classical civilization, Foucault.
17. Writing and differences, Derrida. It is quite difficult for people with insufficient social science/literature foundation. This book is a collection of essays. Choose articles that you can understand.
18. Sound and phenomenon, Derrida.
19. Truth and method, Gadamer.
20. Contemporary French Philosophy, Contemporary German Philosophy and Contemporary Anglo-American Philosophy, People's Publishing House. Yu Wujin, editor-in-chief of Fudan University, has basically finished sorting out the modern European continent and analytical philosophy.
2 1. Introduction to Western Marxist Philosophy.
22. Structuralism, Piaget
23. 19 lectures on China's philosophy Mou Zongsan.
24. China's modern philosophy, Song Zhiming.
25. Liezi
26. In general.
27. Interpretation of Wang Bi's Collected Works, Zhonghua Book Company Edition. Including Zhouyi notes, you can set foot on Zhouyi at the same time.
28. Notes on the South China Sutra, Zhonghua Book Company Edition. Including Guo Xiang's Notes on Zhuangzi and Cheng's Notes on Zhuangzi. Important.
29. Zhao Lun Shi Jiao, Zhonghua Book Company.
30. "Recent Thoughts", Zhu
3 1. Book of Practice, Wang Shouren.
32. Buddhist Logic, Shcherbatski. Important.
33. Ode to China, Dragon Tree
34. Teach a thousand rules, Sankara.
On the other hand, after the completion of this stage, the overall level is above the graduate students of philosophy department (average level), but they need to fully participate in the study of mathematics, modern science and humanities and social sciences, otherwise the reading disorder will be obvious. Lectures on Mathematical Logic and Mathematical Logic Introduction to Logic recommended by Xu Ming; The latter is much deeper, and the former is an introduction. Other important books: a brief history of communication, Matra; History of modern psychology, Schultz; Introduction to psychoanalysis, Freud; Structural anthropology, Levi? Strauss. China people and philosophers should read more literature and some ancient prose. Independent thinking is as important as practice.
high(er) order
& lt mainland >
1. Believers after religion, Ferry/Gao Xue.
2. Thousand Plateau, Deleuze
3. The logic of feeling, Deleuze
4. Archaeology of knowledge, Foucault
5. Writing and Differences, Derrida
6. Phenomenology of Perception, Melo-Ponty
7. Conflicts of interpretation, Rico.
8. Philosophical Essays (Chinese translation is a philosophical essay), by Heidegger.
9. Philosophical discourse of modernity, Habermas.
10. Zizek, the abyss of freedom.
1 1. It says that Shan Dexing
& lt Britain and America >
1. Naming and necessity, Kripke.
2. Philosophy of Mind, Commercial Press
3. The multifaceted nature of realism, Putnam
4. Mirror of Philosophy and Nature, Rorty
5. Natural origin and evolution of cognition, literature series of psychology and cognition.
6. Interpretation of consciousness, spiritual literature and cognition
7. The quantum leap of the global brain, Laszlo.
8. Philosophical basis of neuroscience, Bennett &; Harker
9. Cognitive Pragmatics, Barra
In addition, the bibliography recommended at this stage is only an introduction, and scholars can completely expand their ideas at will. Other recommended bibliographies are as follows: The Road to Reality by Penrose, Mathematical Principles by Russell, Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience by Peking University Publishing House, Social Constructivism Psychology and Connectionism Cognitive Psychology by Shanghai Education Publishing House, Modern Linguistic School by Feng Zhiwei, and related contents of cognitive psychology and evolutionary psychology. Please refer to domestic or foreign university textbooks for economics, political science and sociology. In addition, please pay attention to reading the classic original works of various disciplines, and even the original works. Some recent frontier studies in Europe, Britain and the United States have no Chinese translations. In addition to bibliography, literature reading at this stage is very important. Readers are recommended to subscribe to Philosophical Research and World Philosophy to learn about the domestic/international academic frontiers. I didn't give any bibliography of China's philosophy and Indian philosophy. Readers can find important books and documents by their own ability, because there is no masterpiece that must be read after advanced. China's philosophy should focus on Taoist metaphysics, metaphysics and Buddhism, while Buddhism should focus on Tiantai Sect, Zhixue Sect and Huayan Sect. Yin Zhe is mainly Buddhism. Recommend Zong Kaba's "The Broadest Theory of Tantric Buddhism" and "The Broadest Theory of Bodhi". The construction of personal ideological system is best carried out gradually at this stage, but attention should be paid to its frontier, logic/rigor and scientificity.
Philosophy Book: Your First Philosophy Book
What is the purpose of our existence? Or what are we living for? This is a philosophical question and an unanswered question. Your first philosophy book has ideas on this subject. It is a very famous book, which can be as famous as Russell's History of Western Philosophy in the west. Whether we have a purpose or not, we still live in the end, and eventually consciousness will give us a reason to live.
Yinyang tree
Life is an encounter.
As Osho said: Consciousness is just a means. ? Because consciousness exists for us to live, which may be strange. Are we conscious when we are alive, or does consciousness keep us alive? This seems to involve the category of materialism or idealism. For a generation like us who grew up under the aura of materialism, we will definitely answer that it is because we are alive that we are conscious! But can we try to understand what another explanation will be like? The origin of science is also a hypothesis. Why can't it be assumed? If we are conscious because we are alive, then our consciousness will doubt the purpose of our existence, because it is the same reason that we always doubt why we are alive.
The external environment shapes our consciousness, which comes from the external environment and needs to adapt to it, and consciousness should reflect the objective environment. However, we have to admit that we are an evolving creature and an imperfect machine for the ever-changing external environment. At least if the theory is required to be perfect, we are not perfect, just as Plato's Republic says that we are all the projections of the ideal country in reality. On the one hand, due to our own imperfections, our consciousness cannot objectively and truly respond to the natural environment. On the other hand, the external environment does not mean that it is the natural environment with all kinds of consciousness? Virtual? Out of the product. Therefore, there are many doubts about reality in our consciousness. At this point, the book Simple Logic gives the answer, that is, our goal is to pursue truth. This answer is from the heart, not imaginary. Therefore, logic is an original subject, and we should all know about it if possible.
It is natural for us to have objective needs when we are alive, but this demand is often blinded by consciousness, and all we know is the illusion of consciousness. This statement may be difficult to understand. At the same time, we have a question: since what we know is unreliable, how can we trace the source? Perhaps, as I said at the beginning, this demand is the need of objective facts. Buddha said: We suffer because we pursue the wrong things. We can use the method of respecting feelings (emotions) to test whether the method of tracing back to the source is wrong. Although there is a deviation in expressing emotions with consciousness, it is at least a kind of feedback close to the source and the most authentic response of the self. Of course, if this reaction is filtered by consciousness, there will be false possibilities. Let's go back to that question. To trace the source, we must be close to the objective world. This is a difficult thing, because if the outside world is artificial. We need a way to distinguish.
Around us, there are practices such as traveling, reading, art, practice and so on. I don't know how many people who do these things pursue our human id, and many of them do it naturally because it can give them pleasure. This road is right, and it is a correct way to break through the shackles of consciousness. Unfortunately, our so-called tourist attractions have been branded by too many people, our books have too much commercial flavor, our art has long been degraded, our practice has long been a mere formality, and even religion is no longer pure. I think, if we want to find the source, then we must find the nature without human traces, we need to find those really great books to read, we need to find real art to understand, and we need real practice. I don't know what the result of this behavior will be, because I didn't find the source when I piled up these words Maybe everyone's origins are different, maybe they are all the same, maybe we can't understand them at all, and we can't evaluate them with the same or different.
Our natural science is a means of understanding nature in the form of extreme consciousness, and it is the most advanced means. This is concentrated in? Artificial intelligence? In the debate on this issue. Of course, it is unknown how many of us scientists are engaged in natural science research. Their real purpose is to pursue the origin of reality. Now we simply divide science into natural science, social science and humanities. Among them, the most advanced research achievement of physics in natural science is quantum mechanics. Why can't quantum mechanics be unified with Einstein's familiar general relativity? Because these two names are not a concept at all, the former is a research achievement, and the latter is just a rule. Yes, quantum mechanics itself is a rule that reveals the real world, not a principle or theory that we have developed. Moreover, there are still many laws in our current theory that cannot explain the phenomenon. However, in any case, as long as the research purpose of natural science is to reveal the truth of reality, then people engaged in this discipline have been far ahead in the pursuit of origin.
Back to reality, I think my bending theory may be better understood, and whether we are pursuing the origin or we are just pursuing the pleasure of a game, we all need to respect reality, and all our starting points should come from reality. Here, friends with high emotional intelligence may be very dominant, because high emotional intelligence is easy to perceive other people's emotions and control their own emotions. We can play in the virtual world constructed by consciousness, but we can't take these as our ultimate goal or starting point, so we will eventually lose our way and don't know what we are pursuing. If you want to play games well in this world, the environment is very important. The environment determines how far you can play. We should fully respect the environment.
At present, there is a view in society that people with high academic qualifications can't adapt to society. In fact, this is because everything we learn in school is fictional, not in line with social reality and seriously backward. Moreover, how many of our people's teachers can reach the realm of teaching and educating people? There is nothing wrong with industrialization, but it is absurd to industrialize education! On the premise of respecting the environment, we need to determine the needs of the people who make the rules for this game. We need to adapt and explore. This is the basic condition. Just like we are in a unit, why should we integrate into the unit culture? Because this culture is the rule, we need to know what the leaders of small companies want to do. We need to judge whether what the leader wants to do is what you want to do and whether you are good at it. Before these are determined,
Of course, once I have this premise, I think it will be easy to play the game well in a unit, but I must also know how to give up. Once you don't like what the leader is doing, or realize that it's too late to participate in the game, you should give up bravely.
Our society seems to be extremely rich in resources, but it is far from enough. Or since this society is man-made, it should conform to the essence of self-interest and the "28" principle. Most of the resources are concentrated in a few hands. This is the iron law of this artificial society. Therefore, if you want to play this game well, you need to carry out the original accumulation of capital. Marx's Das Kapital has revealed the essence of capital. The essence of capital is bloody and naked exploitation, and the original accumulation process of capital is an exploitation process. If we want to complete this process, we must exploit others, which is the iron law of this society. Of course, we can expand the scope of exploitation to reduce our doubts about the goodness of human nature, but this requires mastering the rules of the game. However, in any case, success inevitably requires the accumulation of capital, including the accumulation of people and property, and this process is the most cruel.
What are we living for? When we die, we will lose everything. This law is actually implied by our God. No matter how good the game is, it is still necessary to pursue the source of human beings. If we can realize this, I think it is enough for us to play games as long as we can ensure that we can catch up with the source of funds. Of course, the more successful we are, is it easier to trace back to the source? This cannot be said that there is no direct logical relationship, but the more successful we are, the more successful we will be.
We can't lose our way. Everything we do is for one purpose, but don't guess our purpose rashly with consciousness, which will lead us astray. I think in this man-made society, one way to trace the source is to stay away from it, abandon the impurities of consciousness and really get close to nature; Another way is to take this society as a whole and jump out of the circle.
Life is an accident. Compared with the vast universe, it is just a grain of dust. In a limited life, it shines with its own light and does not pursue secular vision. Our meeting was even more accidental, and there was no need to force a result.