Color in nature is not only an objective existence, but also a subjective feeling of people. Different colors can bring people different feelings and produce different emotional associations. The association of these colors and emotions is the result of human subjective physiological and psychological factors. After repeated contact with the colors presented by natural objects, people have left a certain impression in their brains and formed different feelings. However, the emotion of color is not absolute, it is restricted by many subjective and objective conditions, such as different nationalities, different countries, different customs and habits, different religious beliefs, as well as personal gender, age, cultural accomplishment, education level, preference for color and so on. The emotional association with color is also different. Therefore, color association is relative. Photographers should be flexible in the design of emotional colors when composing compositions. They should work hard to feel the emotion of color in the objective world and draw excellent works with emotional connotation.
First, the influence of color association, feeling and symbol on the color composition of the picture
In design creation, the designer is the creative subject, and it is the premise of dominating and controlling colors to stimulate and spread feelings, while the viewer (or appreciator) is infected by the artistic atmosphere of colors designed and created by the designer, resulting in a series of psychological and emotional activities. For example, there is a big red block full of tension and jumping in a picture, which will make people feel warm, enthusiastic, warm, excited, upward or forward, as shown in figure 1. When considering color and color collocation, designers should first understand whether the psychology of color can promote the formation of subjective feelings, sublimate the artistic conception of the picture and achieve rich artistic meaning. In other words, when designers are engaged in clothing creation, they should not only choose and control colors, but also pay attention to controlling or publicizing the unique feelings of colors.
No matter the designer or the viewer of the design works, when they feel the objective color, they will naturally produce a series of psychological activities such as association, memory, thought and emotion.
Therefore, there are four common colors in the whole color system: warm color, neutral color, cool color and achromatic color. When people's retina feels it, different colors will make people feel different emotions. Therefore, when we shoot portraits, the color composition of the picture should refer to and consider some symbolic emotional meanings of color.
1. The influence of association, feeling and symbol of cool color system on the color composition of the picture.
Cool colors refer to those colors that give people a feeling of being cold, cool and far away, and remind people of ice, snow, sea and sky, such as blue, cyan and blue-cyan, as shown in Figure 2.
Blue symbolizes broadness, steadiness, tenacity, solemnity and simplicity. So when we design such a theme, the color of the picture can be composed of blue with different lightness and saturation, or it can be used with other achromatic colors, as shown in Figure 3.
Cyan symbolizes cleanliness, brightness, will and perseverance. Therefore, when we want to express such a picture theme, we can use cyan to form the picture, but we should pay attention to changing the three elements of color to avoid the single color of the picture, as shown in Figure 4.
2. The influence of warm color association, feeling and symbol on the color composition of the picture.
In the color circle, those colors that remind people of flame, sunrise and sunset and give us a warm, warm, joyful and energetic feeling are called "warm colors". Such as red, orange, yellow and colors biased towards these colors, as shown in Figure 5.
In color, red symbolizes enthusiasm, enthusiasm, warmth, progress, and danger, terror and other symbols. In our design and creation, most of them reflect the positive feelings of enthusiasm, enthusiasm and warmth, so we use red more, as shown in Figure 6, giving people a warm and warm feeling.
Orange symbolizes tenderness, brilliance, brightness, joy, vitality and strength, and this color symbol is also the theme we often express. Orange can be used in conjunction with related adjacent tones, pursuing changes and highlighting key points in lightness and purity. As shown in Figure 7, the brightness of orange is mainly highlighted by the light and shade of color, reflecting the feeling of tenderness, brilliance and lightness.
Yellow symbolizes luxury, authority, vitality and vigor. In practical application, gold can also be classified as yellow. When composing the color of the picture, if you want to express the theme content such as luxury and authority, you can use the yellow system to arrange the picture, as shown in Figure 8.
3. The influence of association, feeling and symbol of neutral color system on the color composition of the picture.
In the color circle, neutral colors refer to those colors that are mixed by a warm color and a cool color in equal proportion, such as green and purple, as shown in Figure 9.
Green is the color we often use in design, which symbolizes life and growth, peace and stability, comfort and gentleness. We can use greens with different lightness, such as dark green, light green and dark green, and greens with different saturation, such as grass green and emerald green. There will be subtle changes in this collocation diagram, as shown in figure 10.
Purple symbolizes brilliance, nobility and authority. Generally, when designing, we prefer purple or its adjacent colors (rose, pink, violet and other colors) to form a picture, as shown in figure 1 1.
4. The influence of association, feeling and symbol of achromatic color system on the color composition of the picture.
Chromatics can be roughly divided into color and achromatic color, so achromatic color is achromatic color, that is to say, the surface of those objects reflects and absorbs the spectral components of light shining on its surface in equal proportion. It can also be said that achromatic is black and white ash, as shown in figure 12. Achromatic color can be matched with any color, which is also the characteristic of achromatic color.
Black is the surface color of an object that absorbs various spectral components; Black symbolizes solemnity, heaviness, burden, pressure, darkness or terror. It is also our first choice when shooting low-key portraits, as shown in figure 13. However, when using black composition, black is not a dead black piece. Also pay attention to the black level. More often, it can be matched with a small amount of black gray, dark gray and medium gray, so that the picture will appear compact, loose and breathable.
White is widely used in our design. White refers to the color of all spectral components reflected by the surface of an object. White symbolizes clarity, holiness, nobility, sadness and elegance, as shown in figure 14. When using white, we should pay attention to the primary color and the main color, otherwise there will be no hierarchy in white.
Gray refers to the surface color of an object that absorbs a part of the spectral components irradiated on its surface in equal proportion and reflects a part; Gray symbolizes negativity, softness, smoothness, simplicity, elegance, etc. Gray levels vary greatly, such as dark gray, light gray, light gray, medium gray and so on. We often use it when designing fashion pictures, as shown in figure 15.
The emotional association of colors is like a table:
Color, color association, color emotion
Blood red, sunset, flame, enthusiasm, danger and celebration
Orange, orange and autumn leaves are warm, bright and positive.
Huang Xiangjiao, gold, Huang Ju, light, attention, anxiety.
Green leaves, vegetation, park peace, ideal and security.
The blue ocean, blue sky and lakes are free, cool and melancholy.
Young, clean, cheerful, energetic, hopeful, will and perseverance.
Purple grapes, eggplant and violets are noble, mysterious and morbid.
White clouds, snowflakes, clean and pure, sacred and nothingness.
Designers often use artistic language such as color and tone to achieve symbolic, moral, philosophical or lyrical functions when expressing a certain theme or depicting the inner world of characters. In a picture of a photo, infinity is reflected from finiteness, and universality is contained in the individual, which makes the work achieve perfect unity in perceptual form and rational content.
Second, the influence of color expression on the color composition of the picture
The expression of color is very rich, and our life is also inseparable from color. Therefore, various forms of color also affect our feelings, including our designers, which is also the source of our picture color composition.
1 the influence of color softness on the color composition of the picture
The softness of color is the expression of lightness and elegance of color. This color basically has high brightness and low saturation, giving people a soft and elegant feeling. In this way, if we want to get a light and soft picture effect when creating a design, we can choose colors with high brightness and low saturation to form a picture, as shown in figure 16.
2. The influence of color perception on the color composition of the picture
Different colors on the surface of an object have different sense of weight. This visual effect that is inconsistent with the actual weight is called the sense of color lightness. The color of perceived light is called light color, such as white, light green, light blue, light yellow and so on. The color that feels heavy is more sensitive to color, such as purple-blue, black, brown-black, crimson, khaki and so on.
Brightness mainly depends on the contrast of lightness. Bright colors with high lightness feel light, while dark colors with low lightness feel heavy. In addition, the texture effect of the object surface also has a great influence on the light perception. Light colors with high lightness are reminiscent of blue sky and white clouds. Produce a soft, floating, ascending, agile and flexible feeling. The heavy color with low lightness reminds people of heaviness, stability and safety. Therefore, we should pay attention to the use of light and heavy colors when matching the colors of pictures. Generally, heavy colors are at the bottom and light colors are at the top, so as to avoid the top-heavy feeling, as shown in figure 17.
3 The influence of the soft and hard feeling of color on the color composition of the picture
The soft and hard feeling of color is also an important performance, and the soft and hard feeling of color is also related to lightness and saturation. Colors with high lightness and low purity give people a soft and intimate feeling. In shooting, we can use the soft and hard feeling of color to create a comfortable tone that is suitable for the theme.
Generally speaking, soft colors give us a bright, soft and intimate feeling, which is especially common in high-profile and picturesque designs, as shown in figure 18- 1. The higher the lightness, the softer the feel, and the lower the lightness, the harder the feel.
Colors with low lightness give people a stiff and indifferent feeling, and are often used to design low-key or medium-low-key themes.
Sometimes the use of soft colors and hard colors are not independent, and they can often cooperate with each other and set off each other, as shown in figure 18-2, but we should pay attention to the change of area and highlight the main body.
4. The influence of color vision on the color composition of the picture.
There are many performance effects of color, and the size of color is one of the most important factors. The size of the color will make the color of the picture have a sharp contrast effect. In the background of large-area color, small-area solid color will have special effects. Because colors have positive and negative feelings, warm colors and high brightness colors have the feeling of expansion, while cool colors and low brightness colors have the feeling of contraction. Generally speaking, warm colors are diffuse and can attract people's attention, while cool colors are convergent, less noticeable and lagging. According to the sense of size, the order of colors is: red, yellow, orange, green, blue and cyan. Making full use of the feeling of color is also a common expression method of color composition in portrait shooting. As shown in Figure 2 1, colors with different lightness are used to express the sense of color size, so as to expand the space of the picture and highlight the main body.
Fig. 22 makes use of the characteristics that warm colors are diffusive and can attract people's attention, while cool colors are convergent, less noticeable and have a sense of lag, which constitutes the main body of the picture.
6 The influence of excitement and calmness of color on the color composition of the picture
The expression of color and people's psychological feelings are interrelated. The excitement and quietness of color can also be called the positive or negative of color. Positive color can make people excited, enthusiastic, hardworking and energetic. Negative colors are suitable for expressing a psychological effect of calmness, depression and loss.
The brilliance of color is related to calmness, hue, lightness and purity, among which purity has the greatest influence. High-purity colors will give people a sense of excitement, while low-purity colors will give people a sense of calm, which is also related to the sense of warmth and coldness of colors. Red, orange and yellow all give people a feeling of excitement, as shown in Figure 23. Blue and green give people a quiet feeling as shown in Figure 24. In the warm color system of the color ring, bright and bright colors give people a sense of excitement, while dark and turbid colors give people a sense of calm, which should be used according to the design theme.
The influence of color emotion and expression on the color composition of the picture is also related to the differences in politics, economy, history, culture, religious beliefs and customs, which requires us to use it flexibly to adapt to different people. The colors of nature make people feel different and cultivate people's sentiments. Different colors make people have different emotions, which leads to changes in people's mood. Psychologists have studied color and people's mental health. Research shows that under normal circumstances, red indicates happiness and enthusiasm, which makes people feel warm and full and stimulates the emotion of love. Yellow means happiness and light, making people happy and full of joy. Green represents peace, which makes people feel stable, quiet and gentle. Blue gives people a quiet, cool and comfortable feeling, which makes people open-minded. Gray makes people feel depressed and empty. Black makes people feel solemn, depressed and sad. White gives people the feeling of elegance, purity and lightness. In short, all kinds of colors will have a certain impact on people's emotions and change people's psychological activities. A Russian scholar's research shows that red makes people's psychological activities active, purple makes people feel depressed, roses make people feel depressed or depressed, blue can calm people down and inhibit people's overly excited emotions, and green can relieve people's nervous psychological activities. Color can make people despair, and it can also make people regain the courage to live. Of course, this effect is indirect induction. An interesting thing happened abroad: there is a black bridge where people commit suicide every year. Later, the bridge was painted blue all day, and the number of suicides decreased significantly; Then people painted the bridge pink, and there were no suicides here. From a psychological point of view, black is gloomy, which will aggravate people's pain and despair and push people to death. Sky blue and pink make people feel happy and full of hope, making people struggle out of despair and rekindle the fire of life. Clinically, some scholars have studied color therapy and achieved good results. Wearing smoky glasses can lower the blood pressure of patients with hypertension; Red and blue can accelerate blood circulation; If the patient lives in a room with white, light blue, light green and light yellow walls painted, his mood is very stable and comfortable, which is conducive to the recovery of health. Color has a certain influence on people's pulse and grip strength. Some foreign scholars have done experiments to prove that people's pulse is normal in the yellow room, slower in the blue room and faster in the red room. French physiologists found that under the irradiation of red light, people's grip strength doubled than usual, and under the irradiation of orange light, the grip strength of hands doubled than usual. It can be seen that color can not only affect people's mood, but also affect people's health.
Color belongs to the material world, while emotion belongs to the spiritual world. It is said that every color in the material world can correspond to every emotion in the spiritual world. Is that so? Just say red. Human blood is red, so is a heart full of blood. Red, full of passion and hope, is as bright as the morning sun and as enthusiastic as a flame. A calm heart is restless because of this, and a passion is born. Therefore, people always use it to represent love. The color of love is warm red. Friendship is another noble feeling besides love. It is rooted in trust and honesty, and grows in warmth and care. It gives people confidence, peace, comfort and hope. But it's not like love. There is no infatuation without love, and there is no hysteria without love. It is more calm and long-lasting. One is calm and long, light and clear, and the other is calm and long. What kind of color can accurately express such feelings? Only yellow. It contains the preciousness of gold, carries the nobility of imperial power, radiates bright warmth and indicates heavy hope. It is really vivid to express friendship with it. Before, I couldn't understand why people always used white and black to express their memories of a person after death. Because white is a symbol of purity. It symbolizes the pure soul of the dead. This is a compliment to the dead. Black is a symbol of reverence. It symbolizes the admiration of future generations for the dead. This is a tribute to the dead. In this black and white world, people use these two extreme colors to express their feelings strongly. Oh, more nostalgia and affection. The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already? I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic. The moonlight outside the window is silvery white, shining in the dark night, just like those eyes that can't sleep because they miss their hometown and relatives. Black and white, endless charm, endless nostalgia. The most difficult emotion in the world is maternal love. Can you tell me what color to use to express this endless, deep and bottomless maternal love? Wear the red one? Oh, too vulgar; In yellow? Oh, it's too shallow; Orange, too bright; Black, it's too cold. You must tell me what color this selfless and fearless maternal love should use. Actually, I know. You may not understand. Homesickness, affection, love and friendship are just a reflection of maternal love. No matter what color we use, we can't tolerate this endless maternal love. Because maternal love is the true primary color of all feelings in this world! From this, I thought of those persistent practitioners who abandoned their families and children in order to achieve the so-called perfection. I don't know what color blood they have. I think it is difficult for me to find a suitable color and mood.
Designers pay attention to color and study color in order to regard color as an important expressive design factor, and color is indeed expressive in the viewer's feelings. It is an indisputable fact that color evokes various emotions, expresses feelings and even affects our normal physiological feelings. Therefore, the harmony of color application in interior design can directly determine the success or failure of the whole design scheme.
The emotional effect and expression of color involve not only the color stimulus itself, but also the physiological reaction of people, including the viewer's visual experience, his psychological activities such as memory and association, and his relationship with the environment.
To describe color!