There is another way, not very good, but you can try. Look at the scores at the back of the question, such as: (2), (4), etc. 2, then you can answer two different emotions or words. If you are not sure, answer more, maybe some of them are right.
As an important part of Chinese test questions, reading questions, especially in the college entrance examination, have been proved by the practice of Chinese college entrance examination over the years. I think we should pay attention to the following points in reading, in order to improve the reading comprehension ability of Chinese:
First, master the overall information skillfully.
The reading process itself is the process of obtaining information, and the quality of reading depends on how much information is captured. When doing the topic, you can first look at the author, writing time and comments after the article, and at the same time, you should especially browse what questions are asked later, and guess what the main idea of the article is from the options of the topic. If it is a novel, we should focus on its characters, plot, etc. If it is an argumentative paper, we should focus on the arguments, arguments, arguments and other elements. Understand the author's main writing intention, and then grasp the full text as a whole, and you will have a good idea to solve the problem.
Second, determine the outline of the regional circle.
Reading a long article mainly uses intensive reading, which requires word-for-word scrutiny. Therefore, we should cultivate the habit of drawing circles and making more marks in our daily practice. We can first look at which paragraphs or areas in the text are related to the topic and which sentences are related to it. After determining a certain answer area, carefully understand the meaning of each sentence in this paragraph, then clarify the relationship between paragraphs and understand the writing ideas. With this habit, it is possible to form a strong analytical and comprehensive ability. When reading, ponder over the questions repeatedly and circle the relevant content, so you don't need to search from beginning to end when answering questions, which can save a lot of valuable time. Start writing. When reading for the first time, you should draw the key sentences with strokes.
Third, pay attention to extract the original text.
Without raw materials, I'm afraid no one can answer correctly or completely. Therefore, the most important and effective way to answer the reading questions accurately is to find the answers in the original text. Most questions can be answered in the article. Of course, the sentences you find are not necessarily used directly, so you must process them according to the requirements of the topic, or extract words or compress the trunk, extract the main points or reorganize them. Even if you summarize the whole paragraph, you should make full use of the original text.
It should also be noted that many students have strong memory ability of basic knowledge, but weak transfer ability, especially for the contextual meaning and function of words, words and sentences. Here is the solution of the 16-character formula for your reference.
1, word for word. Polysemy is very common in Chinese. When understanding the meaning of a word in a word, we must put it into this word to investigate, that is to say, this word can not be separated from this word, so as to accurately understand the meaning of this word. Such as: hearsay, Tao, pointing to Tao; Like-minded, Taoist and rational.
Words and sentences are inseparable. In comprehensive reading questions, it is often required to understand the meaning and function of words in the context. These requirements are as follows:
This word is ambiguous. This is very common in classical Chinese. Such as: policy is not driven by its way, policy and drive; Adhere to the policy strategy, spur.
In modern Chinese, it is often expressed as contextual meaning, which should be inferred according to the specific language environment, that is, the sentence itself, that is, words and sentences are inseparable. For example, the original meaning of the word "meet the teacher" means making polite remarks and teaching (me). It has different meanings in different language environments. In the article "Ju", I quoted the previous "teaching" to butcher Hu, saying that "the father-in-law is knowledgeable".
As for the expressive function of a word in a sentence, we should understand it according to the specific language environment, rather than explain it separately from the sentence.
3. The sentence does not leave the paragraph. In other words, the analysis and understanding of sentences can not be separated from specific paragraphs and specific language environment. If we leave the specific paragraphs and the specific language environment, many sentences can only be understood in a narrow sense or even incomprehensible. Only by combining specific paragraphs and language environment will we know what position this sentence occupies in the full text.
4, the paragraph does not leave the body. Paragraph is an integral part of the article, which embodies the author's writing thought. Therefore, the reading comprehension of paragraphs cannot be divorced from the main idea and the center of the article. Otherwise, the understanding of the content or function of the paragraph will be biased.
On how to improve the problem-solving level of Chinese reading analysis questions
With the gradual prosperity of the concept of "big Chinese" and the increasing number of Chinese reading analysis questions in the senior high school entrance examination, how to improve the efficiency of students in solving reading analysis questions has become a practical topic that middle school Chinese teachers need to solve urgently. In my opinion, if we pay attention to strengthening the training of students in the following aspects in daily teaching, it may have a multiplier effect.
Second, grasp the stylistic features
Reading is the premise of answering questions. If you want to answer good questions, if you just read selected articles, you may not be able to start without certain knowledge accumulation and some basic skills. The characteristics of various styles are knowledge that must be mastered. Because many reading materials generally have obvious stylistic features, only by mastering the basic knowledge of various styles can it be easy to "get on the right track" when answering questions. For example, narrative often involves six elements of narrative, such as narrative clues, narrative methods and expressions. Explanatory articles often test the way of explanation, the order of explanation, the object and characteristics of explanation, and the method of explanation. Argumentative writing focuses on the three elements of argumentative writing, namely, arguments, types of arguments and argumentation methods. These are all related to the basic concepts of the corresponding style, with * * * content. If the students have a clear understanding of the stylistic types and basic concepts of the selected composition, they will not be arrogant when answering questions, so that the basic marks will not be lost.
Third, accurately grasp the materials.
Every selected article is flesh and blood. But in the process of reading, if you can't grasp the main content or theme quickly and be covered by some specific trivial materials, the answer will be thankless. How to quickly grasp the backbone and soul of the article? Generally speaking, there are three methods:
1, grasp the topic. The title is the eye of the article, which directly reveals the author's thoughts and embodies the thoughts of the article. After reading it, you will know about one third of the meaning of the article. Some article titles explain the style or writing direction of the article. If you grasp the topic, there will generally be no big deviation in answering questions. Some students often do not pay attention to the topic, or don't look at it at all, ignoring this most important and concise element, which leads to the inability to grasp the theme of the article.
2. Grasp the central sentence. The central sentence is the main cornerstone of the article content, and it is often the explanation and extension of the article title. Grasping it, the understanding of the content of the article will be more accurate and specific.
3. Grasp arguments and lyric sentences. Argumentative essays and lyric sentences often play the role of highlighting the center, deepening the theme and sublimating the article, which is the most vivid embodiment of the author's emotional tendency. Therefore, grasping such sentences can often understand the intention of the article and help to understand the center of the article. The center of the article is the soul of the full text. Only by grasping the soul can we really understand the full text. Ask students to summarize the main idea of the article in one or two sentences after reading, such as what the article did, expressed, praised and criticized, or whose life feelings the author wrote. Let students understand that the main content of the article and the theme of the article are different concepts, the theme is the purpose of the article, and the main content is the means to achieve the goal.
The second step is to analyze the structure of the article, summarize the general idea of the paragraph and analyze the function. Summarizing the meaning of each paragraph is very important for understanding and reading the full text. When summing up the meaning of each paragraph, we must first grasp the main content of this paragraph; The second common language should be refined; Third, it is necessary to clarify the role of this paragraph in the full text.
Step three, follow the picture. That is, find the answer to the question in the original text. There are two points to be grasped in this link: First, try to answer questions in the original sentences, with the spear of the child and the shield of the attack, so that the score rate is the highest. Try not to summarize the answers yourself unless the topic requires it; Even if you ask yourself to summarize the answer in the original text, you should try to stick to the original text and answer it in the original words; The second is to pay attention to the mutual hints and associations between various small topics. In most cases, the following questions should be answered on the basis of the previous questions, and sometimes the answers given by students are inconsistent or not closely related to the question marks behind, which is obviously problematic. In addition, when we do reading questions, we don't necessarily do them in the order of the original design. There are often some obvious answers in the questions, and we can do them first. With the gradual deepening of our understanding of the original text, we can also do the opposite, so that we can often grasp the original text more accurately and have a better chance of winning.
Using the above methods can better grasp an article as a whole.
Fourth, answer questions differently.
The purpose of reading articles and distinguishing styles and basic concepts is to use and answer questions. It is also important to learn to distinguish different types of questions and handle them skillfully.
1, multiple-choice question. Exclusion is usually used. The content of reading analysis questions involves not only the content, but also the knowledge in class. Therefore, if the knowledge mastered in class can be excluded or selected, the difficulty of knowledge selection will be reduced invisibly.
2. Expansion problem. If you memorize famous sentences according to the relevant content, it is easy to avoid the important and write your most confident answer. Otherwise, it is easy to be thankless.
3. Basic concept questions. When answering questions, we should grasp the main content of the paragraph. We should not pick sesame seeds and throw watermelons, and we should not just miss a page in the forest.
4. Comprehensive analysis questions. For this kind of questions, we should withhold the proposition content on the basis of overall cognition, and we should not take it out of context, let alone answer irrelevant questions. This kind of questions are often the questions that can best show students' language ability. Answers should be concise and to the point, generally no more than 30 words; Sentences should be fluent, there is no loophole in language expression, and it conforms to logical reasoning; We should focus on the content of the article, highlight the key points, and not just talk about it.
The improvement of reading ability will not happen overnight. It not only requires teachers to clarify basic concepts and do more knowledge transfer training; Students are also required to establish correct thinking methods and values, master answering skills, constantly broaden their knowledge and improve their comprehensive quality and ability.
Three-step method of modern text reading
Step 1: Look at the outline.
In the face of an article, the first thing to do is to read it quickly and make clear the genre and general content of the article. If it is explanatory, first make clear the object and center of explanation; If it is an argumentative paper, then grasp the central point; If it is prose, you can understand the object of description and lyric tone; If it is a novel, it captures the central figures and events. Reading shortcuts: look at the headlines in front and the comments at the back of the text.
The title is the most important information of the article. The titles of explanatory articles often directly point out the object or center of explanation, such as the making of cloisonne and the magical aurora. There are three kinds of argumentative topics. One is to directly point out the central point, such as "transforming our study"; One is indirectly pointing out the central point of view, such as Farewell to Si Tuleideng; One is to determine the object or scope of discussion, such as "the emptiness and reality in China's artistic expression" and "the way of Confucius and Mencius". The title of prose is mainly to determine the description object, such as Autumn in the Old Capital and My Castle in the Air. And its lyrical tone is contained in key sentences closely related to the topic, such as "Autumn in the North is particularly clear, particularly quiet and particularly sad" in Autumn in the Old Capital, which is often the main theme of prose.
If there are notes at the end of the article, it is by no means dispensable. If the annotation explains the origin and creation time of the article, it is actually reminding you to "know people and discuss the world". Only by combining the author and the background of the times can we accurately grasp the center of the article.
Step 2: Remove the meat and keep the bones.
A writer should set up a shelf before writing an article, and then sort out the materials. This shelf embodies the overall idea of the article. Good article material is attached to the shelf, just like meat is attached to the bone. Therefore, to clarify our thinking, we must first remove these meats. If it is explanatory text, the materials involved in various explanation methods will be eliminated. With an example, the example will be eliminated; If the number is listed, it will be eliminated; If a comparison is made, the other side of the comparison is excluded. If it is argumentative, exclude all kinds of arguments, including case arguments, quoted arguments, figurative arguments, etc. It is prose, because the form is scattered and the spirit is gathered, the lyrical and argumentative paragraphs that embody the "spirit" will be retained, and other parts will be eliminated. Once the materials are eliminated, the overall idea of the article comes out. Common practices: First, give up bias and adopt correct methods; Second, hierarchical induction. Taking the right method to get rid of prejudice means dividing the information of the article into primary and secondary, and extracting only the main information. Specific to a paragraph in the article, it is to extract the central sentence. The central sentence is usually at the beginning or end of a paragraph, so it is not difficult to judge. Specific to a sentence in a paragraph, if it is a single sentence, extract the trunk; If it is a complex sentence, the main sentence in the clause is extracted. Hierarchical induction is to summarize the general idea of a paragraph, which is generally suitable for prose reading.
Step 3: Fixed-point scanning
After completing the above two steps, you will officially start answering questions. The first is fixed point, which is to find out the points of each question and match the stem of the question with the article. Find the problem point and enter the scanning stage. Scan up and down with the question point as the center to find the answer point. Generally speaking, pronouns refer to the above, and metaphorical sentences explain it; The understanding of an opinion sentence depends on its next sentence, and the opinions expounded in the material depend on the argument sentence in front of it; The main sentence of prose is often in lyric and argumentative sentences. Find the answer point, but also pay attention to the answer method. In most cases, you can directly quote the sentences in the original text to answer. If the topic requires you to summarize and summarize, you must read the whole paragraph or even the whole article to integrate the main points and express them in fluent personal language.
The questions put forward by the proposer are designed as a whole, and several questions go from shallow to deep, which are independent and interrelated. Generally speaking, we should start with the first question and answer it step by step. But sometimes we can refer back and forth and get inspiration from the relevance between topics, so as to find the answer or verify the answer faster.
There are three steps to solve the problem of modern Chinese reading:
The first step is to read the full text and grasp the main idea.
The first is to clarify the thinking of the article. In the final analysis, every paragraph and sentence of the article is to clarify the center and return to the main idea of the article. Usually, we should learn to bid for articles, summarize the meaning of each paragraph and summarize the central idea. Often effective.
Second, we should find and understand the key words in the article. Especially those words that reflect the author's position and viewpoint, reflect the profound content of the article, have rich connotations and vivid images. In particular, the central idea of the article is often implied in the opening sentence, ending sentence, independent paragraph sentence, figurative sentence, serial sentence, turning sentence and lyric discussion sentence.
Don't rush to do the problem, be sure to read the article twice before getting to the point. Read and browse quickly for the first time, absorb the general meaning of each paragraph, establish an overall understanding of the article, and focus on solving a problem-what is the selected article written? The second intensive reading, read every sentence carefully, try to figure out and understand some important sentences and paragraphs, and have a certain understanding of the main idea of the article. Draw words, sentences and paragraphs that play a connecting role in the structure of the article, and draw the central sentence of each paragraph, paying special attention to the beginning and end of the paragraph. These words are often key words that need to be studied when answering questions. Find important words to further understand the ideas and structural levels of the article. (3) Have a sense of style in your heart and find out the sentences that make the dragon shine at the moment. As a philosophical prose, there are always some argumentative and lyrical sentences in narration and description. When reading, we must be good at grasping lyric sentences to grasp the meaning of the text, and pay special attention to lyric comments at the end of the article, which is often the theme of the full text.
Remember: haste makes waste. Be sure to read the article before doing the problem, and resolutely put an end to skimming.
The second step is to carefully examine the questions and conduct directional scanning.
The key to doing subjective questions in modern Chinese reading is to examine them accurately. If you grasp the key to the examination, you can find the key to the answer. The examination of modern text reading is to carefully analyze the stem and grasp the requirements of the topic, that is, to grasp all kinds of information related to the answer contained in the stem. This is the first and most critical step to answer the question. The stem of the question generally consists of two parts, one is the words of the author and the other is the words of the proposer. The purpose of setting the stem is mainly to limit the content of the answer; At the same time, in order to prevent candidates from being at a loss, proposers often prompt the position of the answer content in the text in the stem of the question, and even limit it to which paragraph or sentence. In this way, you can find out the points of each question according to the tips of the stem, and lock the answer interval, which is specific to paragraphs, sentences and words. As long as we find the relevant areas in the original text, carefully ponder the meaning of the context, accurately grasp the key words and accurately grasp the relevant information of the answers, the answers to most questions can be found in the original text.
Remember: the stem prompts the answer range, specifies the answer angle, provides the answer idea, implies the answer information and embodies the answer law.
Thirdly, screening and combining, and directional expression.
Reading literary works is mostly subjective, and its stem can show both the answer area and the answer method. We should answer questions from the perspective of the "question" of the presenter, and answer any questions if there are any, so that the answers are sufficient, in place, accurate and organized. When integrating, we must ensure the fluency of the text.
Narrative literature works choose beautiful prose, showing touching affection, social morality, the beauty of human nature, the principle of treating people with things, and the perception and pursuit of nature and life.
We should pay attention to the students' emotional attitudes and values while examining the reading materials' ability of understanding, analyzing and summarizing.
How to do reading comprehension well
Different articles have different problem-solving skills.
First, the appreciation of ancient poetry. The selected articles are China's ancient poems, ci poems and songs (famous works are not selected), and the questions are objective. The test sites include sentence understanding, expression techniques, content appreciation and evaluation. Key points for preparing for the exam: First of all, we should understand the characteristics of ancient poems and songs. For example, (1) language is subtle and euphemistic, and pays attention to meter and artistic conception. ② In order to rhyme and level off, inverted sentences are often used. ③ Common expression techniques: metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, repetition, duality, contrast, symbol, foil, direct expression of mind, lyricism by borrowing scenery, expression of mind by supporting objects, etc. Secondly, pay attention to grasp the tone of the whole poem according to the eyes of the poem, and distinguish whether the appreciation evaluation language is realistic and appropriate. Anything that is far-fetched and arbitrary should be regarded as a mistake.
Second, classical Chinese reading. The selected essays are generally ancient biographies or notes (after class), which are all objective questions. The test sites are ① the understanding of content words in classical Chinese, ② the discrimination of function words, ③ the judgment of clause relationship, ④ the translation of sentences, and ⑤ the understanding of text and meaning. Countermeasures for preparing for the exam: ① Remember the usage and meaning of common words in classical Chinese. The understanding of words and sentences should be combined with the context. ③ Pay attention to the translation of key words (such as true and false words, common words, flexible use of parts of speech, compound words with partial meanings, differences between ancient and modern meanings, etc.) in sentence translation. ) and inversion, ellipsis, passive and other sentence patterns. (4) to judge the relationship between clauses, we should distinguish the relationship between complex sentences according to the contextual meaning (pay attention to the function words that play a related role in classical Chinese or supplement them according to the sentence meaning as the judgment basis). ⑤ Mistakes in understanding the meaning of the text: Zhang Guan and Dai Li, who made it out of nothing, were far-fetched, acted arbitrarily, and made a generalization, regardless of priority.
Third, scientific reading. The selected articles are selected from the latest scientific and technological papers such as astronomy, geography, physics, chemistry and biology, and are objective topics. Test sites: ① concept understanding, ② sentence understanding, ③ literal judgment and ④ information screening. Preparation points: ① First read the full text quickly, understand the main idea and overcome the fear. ② See clearly the meaning of the question (right or wrong choice, key words). ③ Find the answer interval, find the original basis, and pay attention to the implied information of keywords and related words. (4) Sentence comprehension should focus on grammar analysis. ⑤ Pay attention to specious and specious judgments. ⑥ Causes of wrong questions: stealing the beam and replacing the column (expanding or narrowing the scope, regardless of possibility and reality), making something out of nothing, answering irrelevant questions (regardless of reason, result, purpose, means and conditions), and reversing right and wrong (object, right and wrong, order). All landowners can use exclusion method to do the problem.
Fourth, social science reading. Anthology is an article about social science, which tends to be literary works with deep meaning, such as prose. These questions are subjective and multiple-choice questions. Test sites: ① word comprehension, ② sentence comprehension, ③ expression skills and functions, ④ content and structure analysis, and evaluation and appreciation of articles. Preparation: ① Read the full text quickly and grasp the meaning of the text (pay attention to the eyes of the text). See the meaning of the question clearly, don't answer irrelevant questions. (3) Words should not be interpreted by words, but by their meaning in the article. (4) According to the question type, find out the answer interval (original basis), and then compare, analyze, synthesize and summarize. ⑤ Try to answer the questions in the original sentence, or at least use the original keywords. ⑥ Be careful not to exceed the number of words, but it is not good to have too few answers (if there are too many words, you can float down about eight tenths). ⑦ The analysis of expression techniques is basically similar to poetry and ode. ⑧ The answer format of functional analysis is generally: expression (emphasizing, highlighting, pointing out and rendering).
To improve reading ability in an all-round way, we should not only pay attention to the above skills, but also expand the scope of reading, see more, think more and improve our sense of language. This is a process of accumulation, and you should work harder on weekdays.
If you encounter a long article, you should read the questions and options first, and then read the article. The way of reading backwards allows candidates to focus on the relevant content and sentences when reading the article for the first time, which shortens the time for finding information. For articles with more in-depth content, you can also look at the topic first, which can reduce psychological pressure.