Tisch
Through contact and participation in practical work, I can enrich and expand my knowledge, cultivate my comprehensive application ability and lay a foundation for future work. Through this production practice, I learned a lot of knowledge about the construction site. Participate in the operation practice of survey engineering, steel bar engineering, formwork engineering, concrete engineering and masonry engineering in the whole construction process, learn the construction technology and construction organization management methods of each project, and learn the technical treatment methods in the construction process. During the internship, I actively consult the workers' master, and I am good at finding problems. With the help of on-site technicians, I use the theoretical knowledge I have learned to solve problems. Have a very specific understanding of reinforcement engineering, formwork engineering, concrete engineering, etc. And practice some projects at the same time.
There are many types of buildings. There are brick-concrete structures, frame-shear wall structures, frame-shaped columns, and combinations of frame and brick-concrete structures. The frame structure has a large span and is suitable for public buildings, mainly used in shopping malls and hotels in the famous wealth garden. Frame-shaped columns are mainly used in residential buildings. The special-shaped column is the same thickness as the wall, which can effectively improve the space utilization rate of the building while ensuring load-bearing and earthquake resistance. Therefore, this form is widely used in high-rise residential buildings. Multi-storey houses generally adopt brick-concrete structure. The seismic performance of this structure is not as good as that of the frame structure, so the height of the house is limited. For example, the lower floors of some buildings are shopping malls and the upper floors are residential buildings. If the residential floor is not high, the combination of frame and brick-concrete structure can be adopted. If there are many stories in the superstructure, the frame-shear wall structure is suitable.
The use of reinforcement in reinforcement engineering must adhere to the principle of inspection before use; Reinforcement must have factory certificate and inspection report. The variety and quality of steel bars, the brand and performance of covered electrode must meet the design requirements and relevant standards. Before welding imported steel bars, chemical composition inspection and welding test must be carried out, and welding can only be carried out after meeting relevant regulations. The steel surface must be clean. If there is granular or flaky old rust, it is forbidden to use the steel bar with pitting after rust removal according to the original specifications. The specification, shape, size, quantity, spacing, anchorage length and joint setting of reinforcement must meet the design requirements and construction specifications. The test results of mechanical properties of welded joints must meet the special requirements for welding and acceptance of steel bars. On-site processing of steel bars, the manufacturing and processing procedures are: mechanical installation of steel bars → butt welding of steel bars → taper thread processing → bending forming → steel bar binding.
Formwork formwork and its support shall be designed according to the engineering structure, load, foundation soil type, construction equipment and material supply. Formwork and its supports should have sufficient bearing capacity, rigidity and stability, and can reliably bear the weight, lateral pressure and construction load of pouring concrete. Before shuttering, all sundries will be cleaned up, the strip foundation will be leveled with the elastic line at the top of the shaped composite steel formwork, and the back will be firmly supported with wooden squares and wedges and groove edges. Its supporting part should have sufficient supporting area. If it is installed on foundation soil, the foundation soil must be solid and have drainage measures. Waterproof measures must be taken for collapsible loess; For frost heave soil, anti-freezing and thawing measures must be taken. Template joints should be tight, embedded parts should be placed firmly, and the gap should not exceed 65438 0.5 mm. The contact surface between template and concrete should be cleaned, and measures should be taken to prevent adhesion.
The quality of concrete in concrete engineering has a great influence on the safety and cost of the structure, so we must pay enough attention to the construction quality of concrete in construction. Test blocks for evaluating concrete strength must be sampled, manufactured, maintained and tested according to the Standard for Testing and Evaluation of Concrete Strength (GBJ 107-87), and their strength must conform to the provisions of construction specifications. The thickness of concrete protective layer of steel bar is generally not less than 40mm. Its reinforced cushion block shall not be omitted. If the concrete drop is more than 2m, it shall be continuously poured and vibrated by layers. Generally, the first step should be pouring to enlarge the bottom and top surface, and then pouring the upper concrete. The layering height depends on the tamping tool and should not be greater than1.5m.
In order to avoid and reduce the phenomena such as honeycomb, reinforcement leakage, pits, holes, cracks and slag inclusion, it is necessary to pay attention to pouring concrete before initial setting. If concrete segregates before pouring, it must be mixed again before pouring. When pouring, the free-falling height of concrete shall not exceed 3m, otherwise, it shall be discharged through series chutes to prevent segregation. Before pouring vertical concrete, cement mortar with 50~ 100mm thickness and the same composition as concrete should be poured at the bottom to avoid honeycomb, pits and stone leakage at the lower part of the component. After the concrete is delivered to the site, the slump shall be tested. In order to make concrete dense, concrete must be poured in layers, especially mass concrete. In order to ensure the integrity of concrete, pouring work should be carried out continuously. When intermission is needed due to technical or construction organization reasons, the intermission time should be shortened as much as possible, and the lower concrete should be poured before the concrete sets.
The variety and strength grade of bricks for masonry structure must meet the design requirements. Mortar varieties meet the design requirements and construction specifications. Masonry mortar must be full and dense, and the mortar fullness of horizontal mortar joint of solid brick masonry shall not be less than 80%. It is forbidden to leave straight seams at the corner of the external wall, and the practice of leaving seams at other temporary breaks must comply with the provisions of the construction specifications. After the foundation wall is built, pay attention to the protection of finished products to avoid collision. Attention should be paid to protect the exposed or embedded embedded parts such as heat shield and electrical bushing in the foundation from damage. The reinforcement and Rachel reinforcement of the seismic constructional column should be protected, and they should not be trampled and bent. Backfilling on both sides of the foundation wall should be carried out at the same time, otherwise the unfilled side should be supported. The heating trench wall should be firmly supported by the backing plate to prevent the backfill soil from being squeezed. It is strictly forbidden to use the so-called "water tamping method" in which backfill soil is not compacted in layers and water is poured into the groove.
Setting ring beams in masonry buildings can enhance the overall and spatial stiffness of the building and prevent uneven settlement or large vibration load due to the foundation. Ring beam: a structural closed beam (non-load-bearing beam) in which reinforced concrete is poured at the top or bottom of the masonry to ensure the stability of the masonry. Reinforced concrete is used, the thickness of which is generally the same as that of the wall. It can be slightly less than the thickness of the wall in cold areas, but it should not be less than 2/3 behind the wall, and the height should not be less than 120mm. Common ones are 180mm and 240mm.
In the non-seismic fortification area, the main function of ring beam is to strengthen the overall stiffness of masonry structure building and prevent the uneven settlement of foundation or the influence of large vibration load on the building. In the earthquake area, the main functions of ring beam are: strengthening the connection of vertical and horizontal walls and improving the integrity of the house; As the edge component of the floor, it improves the horizontal stiffness of the floor; Reduce the free length of the wall and improve the stability of the wall; Restrict the development and extension of oblique cracks in the wall and improve the shear strength of the wall; Reduce the influence of uneven settlement of foundation on houses during earthquake.
Through this internship, I have a further understanding of relevant professional knowledge and learned a lot of things that I have never touched before, which has benefited a lot. The in-depth visit to the front line of the construction site has enabled me to combine the theoretical knowledge I have learned with practice, systematically consolidate the theoretical knowledge I have learned, deepen my understanding of the theoretical knowledge I have learned, initially recognize the working characteristics of architectural engineering design and construction, and become familiar with various technologies and management work in the engineering design and construction site. Through this internship, I have an intuitive understanding of the on-site construction and management of building projects, enhanced my perceptual knowledge of the basic theories and professional knowledge I have learned, and comprehensively used my knowledge to ask engineers some problems encountered in the project; And in this internship, I have a more realistic understanding of the responsibilities and functions of all parties in the construction project, and deeply understand various restrictions and practical problems in the engineering construction. During my internship, I found that my ability to analyze and solve problems was well exercised and cultivated, and I was psychologically prepared for my future work. In addition, through internship, I broadened my horizons and increased my rational understanding of building construction. In order to be competent for this job in the future, we should learn the technology well now. Therefore, I should study hard and lay a solid foundation for my future work.
extreme
University, in my impression, is no longer a fantasy world. I spent a year and a half in college, tried the tempering of failure, experienced the joy of success, got the careful guidance of teachers, and learned some knowledge of architectural skin. At the beginning, I chose architecture only because of my personal hobby, and my understanding of it was so superficial. I think the building is so simple, but I realize that it is synonymous with brick concrete and steel bar. However, in my study and understanding for a year and a half, its image has changed from vague to clear, from simple to great. Finally, I had the opportunity to really understand what architecture is, participated in this architectural practice, and got a general understanding of architecture under the leadership of my friends.
After this internship, I have a more profound and comprehensive understanding of the course of building construction. This internship made me further understand that there is a great difference between theoretical knowledge and practical operation in school. Let me learn a lot of architectural knowledge and experience that I can't learn in school classes. How to combine theoretical knowledge with practical operation in construction can make the construction safer and more effective. Also let me understand the power of teamwork, as the saying goes: a chopstick is easy to break, but a bundle of chopsticks is not easy to break. This proverb can well illustrate the power of unity.
In the process of construction practice, my cooperation with those staff members is particularly important, especially in the process of construction, mutual communication, mutual help and mutual cooperation are particularly important. In practice, cooperation and communication are more obvious. In the process of construction, shuttering workers and scaffolding workers should cooperate with each other.
First of all, the shuttering worker starts to do it after the scaffolding worker finishes. As long as scaffolding workers are completed in different places, it will affect the effect of shuttering workers, and rebar workers will also communicate and cooperate with shuttering workers, otherwise it will also affect the effect. The reason why cooperation and communication are particularly important in construction. Practice is an indispensable process in our college life, an effective way to consolidate knowledge, a method to test whether our knowledge is solid, and an important way for our college students to grow up.
Through this construction practice, I not only have a deeper understanding of construction technology in theory, but also have a great improvement in practical operation, achieving the purpose of applying what I have learned. With the careful guidance and help of experienced builders, I not only have a deeper understanding of construction technology, but also learn valuable experience from failure and hone my will. I always remind myself that only hard work can make progress.
In this construction practice, I know that I am here to study, so I will take the initiative to ask the experienced builders questions that I don't understand, and the experienced builders will answer them for me seriously and patiently. When talking with experienced construction personnel, he will pass on the valuable construction experience accumulated for many years to me without reservation. I was deeply moved by this selfless dedication.
I have a lot of experience in this kind of construction practice. Although the internship time is short, it has benefited me a lot. It let me see the power of teamwork, let me understand the truth of dealing with people and make me better.
Applying theoretical knowledge to actual construction is a beneficial practical test.