In the usual study and work, everyone has been exposed to papers. A thesis is an article to discuss or study some problems. Then the question comes, how to write an excellent paper? The following are the basic functions and application papers of computer operating system that I collected, which are for reference only and I hope to help you.

I. Introduction

Modern computer systems, no matter what type of computers, are equipped with operating systems without exception. Therefore, the operating system is like the soul of a computer system. A computer system cannot live without an operating system, and the performance of the operating system largely determines the performance of the computer system. If users want to use the computer operating system quickly and efficiently, they must have a certain understanding of the operating system. Only by mastering the functions and characteristics of the operating system correctly can they make full use of the performance and advantages of the operating system to serve the society. Taking Windows operating system as an example, this paper expounds its concept, function, characteristics and functional application.

Second, the concept, function and characteristics of the operating system

In a computer system, in order to make all kinds of resources of the system work in a coordinated and efficient way and make all kinds of resources play their roles to the maximum extent, there must be a manager for unified scheduling and management, and this manager is the operating system. It is the first layer of software after hardware, and it is the first expansion of hardware functions, which manages and supports the operation of all kinds of software in a unified way. Other software is built on top of the operating system.

The role of the operating system has the following two aspects:

1. Various resources in the management system: The resources of the computer system include hardware resources and software resources. Among them, all hardware components (including CPU, memory, input and output devices, etc.). ) are generally called hardware resources, while various programs and user files are called software resources. Operating system is used to allocate and schedule resources among various programs, so that various resources in the system can be effectively utilized.

2. Provide users with service function and friendly interface: The user interface of the operating system, also called user interface or man-machine interface, realizes the communication function between the computer system and users. There are two kinds of interfaces: one is an interface in the form of command line (such as MS-DOS), which is convenient for advanced users to use and operate through keyboard and command line; The other is an interface in the form of graphics and windows (such as Windows window), which is convenient for ordinary users. It appears in the form of graphic menu, taskbar, desktop icon, etc. , is carried out through the alternate operation of keyboard and mouse.

The characteristics of the operating system are as follows:

1. Concurrency: Two or more programs can be opened and run in succession in the same time period, and can be run alternately.

2.* * * Enjoyability: In the operating system, its system resources can be used by multiple programs that are opened at the same time and run successively, rather than being monopolized by a certain program.

3. Asynchronous: Asynchronous is also called randomness. In a multi-program environment, multiple processes are allowed to execute concurrently, and concurrent activities will lead to random events. If the speed of program execution is unpredictable; The type and time of system jobs are random; The program runs incorrectly or the abnormal time is random and so on. The operating system must correctly handle every random event to ensure the normal operation of the computer system.

Third, the function and application of the operating system

The operating system provides five basic functions: process management, storage management, file management, device management and job management. Functional features and applications are described as follows:

1. process management: the main task of process management is to allocate CPU time reasonably, manage CPU operation effectively and give full play to its efficiency. In order to improve the utilization of CPU, the operating system allows multiple programs to be loaded into memory at the same time. In order to describe the concurrent execution of multiple programs, the system introduces the concept of process. The so-called process is an execution process of the program and a resource allocation unit of the system. A process has a life cycle. When a program is loaded into memory, the system creates a process, and when the execution of the program ends, its process ends accordingly. In the Windows XP environment, users can click the right mouse button in the taskbar and select "Task Manager" in the pop-up menu (or press Ctrl+Alt+Del keys at the same time) to open it, and they can see the tasks and progress of the opened program.

2. Storage management: Storage management mainly manages memory resources, which are directly accessed by CPU. To be executed by CPU, a process must first load its program into memory. Memory is characterized by fast access speed, but its size can't meet the actual needs. In order to solve this problem, the system adopts "virtual memory" technology, that is, part of the external storage space is "simulated" as memory, providing users with a virtual storage space larger than the actual memory. During operation, the currently used part is stored in the internal memory, and other temporarily unused parts are put in the external memory, and the system is responsible for the exchange of internal and external stored data as needed. The virtual memory file is created when the system is installed, and its default size is 65438+ 0.5 times the actual memory. Users can make adjustments according to their needs by right-clicking "My Computer", selecting "Properties" in the pop-up menu, opening the system properties dialog box, selecting "Advanced" option, clicking "Settings" in the performance box, opening the performance options dialog box, then selecting "Advanced" option and clicking "Change" in the virtual memory box, so that users can open the virtual memory dialog box as appropriate.

3. File management: System information resources are stored in external memory in the form of files. It includes files created by the installer and documents created by users. Each file is a set of information consisting of a file name and an extension. The main name of the file is named by the user, which is generally consistent with the content and purpose of the file. The extension is automatically named by the system, indicating the type of file, such as. Doc is a Word document. Xls for Excel worksheet, etc. The main name of the file can be modified, but the extension cannot be modified, otherwise the system will not recognize it. Files also have three properties: read-only, hidden and archived. Files set to read-only can only read information and cannot be modified; Files set as hidden are not displayed in the window, but you can choose to display them (in light color) through the toolbar Folder Options; All newly created files have archive properties, and when they are backed up in system tools, their archive properties will disappear. In addition, files can be operated, but different files have different operations, such as editing document files and executing programs on executable files. Moreover, all files are universal, that is, they can perform common operations, including searching, opening, creating, copying, cutting, deleting, moving, changing attributes and renaming files. In the Windows XP environment, the general operation of files can be realized through the resource manager. The method is to click the Start menu with the right mouse button and select Explorer Open from the pop-up menu. In the resource manager, all kinds of file resources of the system are tree directory structures. Click the folder on the left to browse and operate.

4. Equipment management: Equipment management is the effective management of all input and output devices in the system. In order to improve the use efficiency of equipment and the running speed of the whole system, the operating system adopts technologies such as interrupt, channel, buffer and virtual device to maximize the ability of external equipment and host to work in parallel. By using the interface provided by device management, users can use external devices conveniently and flexibly. In the Windows XP environment, the way to open the device manager is to right-click My Computer, select Manage in the pop-up menu to open the computer management dialog box, and then select Device Manager in the menu on the left to open it.

5. Job management: The task of job management mainly includes two aspects: one is to provide users with the means to realize job control through job control language or operation control command. Secondly, according to a certain strategy to achieve job scheduling, provide a good environment for users to use the system, effectively organize their workflow, and make the whole system run efficiently.

Four. Concluding remarks

In addition to the above five basic functions, modern operating system also has the functions of system security and network communication, that is, it can provide system security mechanism and network communication, network service, network interface and network resource management. But in any case, the operating system has only one goal, that is, it must reasonably manage the software and hardware resources of the computer system and provide users with a fast, efficient and safe running environment.

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