(A) the form of propositional composition
Usually, a given topic in a propositional composition can be a complete topic or an incomplete topic with some words missing. Therefore, propositional composition can be divided into two categories: full proposition and semi-proposition.
1, full proposition.
It is to point out that the questioner gives a complete topic and let the candidates write according to the requirements of the topic. This proposition is a traditional way of composition examination. Such as "more precious than money" and "it is enough to know after learning". The key to writing this kind of propositional composition lies in how to examine the topic and grasp the eye of the topic. Generally speaking, as long as you understand the meaning of the topic and the author's intention, it is easier to write. As far as argumentative writing is concerned, the intention of a full-proposition composition is generally implied (or implied) in the topic, and some topics are actually directly pointed out, such as "opening an book is beneficial". In this way, the scope of composition selection will be clear, and it will not be impossible to write.
2. Semi-proposition.
It means that the questioner gives an incomplete topic, and the examinee must finish the topic before writing. This semi-propositional composition is a flexible examination method, and candidates have greater freedom. In the examination room, candidates can determine the scope of material selection according to their own possession of materials and establish the theme according to their own thinking, so as to ensure the selection of familiar content. Such as unforgettable, in my mind, papers and so on. When writing this kind of proposition, you must first complete the topic, and then you can examine the topic according to the meaning of the text. The key is how to complete the problem. Because this kind of proposition gives candidates great freedom to choose materials and ideas, candidates should make full use of this freedom and choose what they are most familiar with and have the most to say, so that it will be relatively easy to choose ideas and materials for composition.
(B) the writing process of propositional composition
Exam-oriented composition is a writing activity in a special situation, which determines that it is different from writing in the usual sense. Therefore, the specific writing process of the exam-oriented composition is also different from the general free writing. The specific writing process of propositional composition in exam-oriented composition mainly includes examination, conception, material selection, typesetting, writing and revision. For the semi-propositional composition, there must also be a link of "making up the questions", and the semi-propositional composition must first make up the questions and then review them.
1, exam.
The so-called "test" is to analyze and study the effective writing information contained in the words in a given topic, so as to grasp the motivation of the questioner and grasp the central problem of the composition. The key to examining a topic is to find the "eye of the topic", that is, to find the key words in the topic. For example, in the writing of "More Precious than Money", candidates should first look for the keyword "Precious" in the text of the topic before they can choose the category of composition writing. What do you think is more precious than money? Life or friendship? Is it personality or enjoyment? Once one of them is selected, the following conception and material selection are very easy.
2. conception.
"Meaning", that is, the meaning and theme of the text, is the central meaning expressed by the writing subject through various concrete materials, and is the central argument of the article in terms of argumentative writing. Theme is the soul of an article, which determines the conception, writing style and revision activities of the article. The material selection, structure arrangement, expression method selection and language application of the article must be carried out around the theme expression, and must obey and serve the needs of the theme expression.
The theme of an article determines its value. Therefore, the theme of an excellent article should be as clear, correct, profound and novel as possible, which are the four basic requirements of the theme of the article.
The so-called clarity means that the theme of the article should be clear, so that readers can understand and grasp it accurately through reading, so as not to be ambiguous or even unintelligible. Ordinary writers often want to say everything in an article, but what they write is not clear and vague. A Qing Liu Xizai said: "The whole intention of writing an article can be summarized in one sentence." That's the truth. Clarity and centralization are inseparable. Focus on the topic and make sure it is clear.
The so-called correctness is to correctly reflect the essence of objective things and their development laws. Theme is a writer's subjective view of objective things, which is correct only if it conforms to the law of development of things, and cannot be a misunderstanding or distortion of the essence and law of things. The correct theme also requires writers to stand on behalf of advanced productive forces, look at things with correct outlook on life, world outlook and values, and maintain advanced understanding and noble thoughts and feelings.
The so-called profound means that the theme of the article should have a certain ideological depth, not just staying in the general sense of correctness, but should be further explored, and strive to profoundly reflect the essence and internal laws of things, so that readers can get enlightenment and lessons from it, thus deepening their understanding and understanding of things and leaving an unforgettable impression on readers. The profound theme is not realized by the author's empty preaching or artificial arrogance, but is revealed by concrete materials, and the profundity of the theme should be included in real and typical materials. The theme of Lu Xun's works deeply opposing feudal ethics is embodied in this way.
The so-called novelty means that the views and opinions of the article should be innovative, and "what people have not seen, not what people have done", rather than the truth that everyone knows. Novelty is not unconventional. As long as you are good at grasping the characteristics of objective things, avoiding generalizations, being good at discovering new problems, putting forward new problems and analyzing them in combination with reality, you can write articles with novel themes. The novel theme, first, can be realized by choosing fresh realistic themes. What happened recently in real life is "invisible" in itself, and it is easy to "give people away". Choosing the material of fresh people in real life can not only explore novel themes, but also strengthen the sense of the times of the article. Second, it can be achieved by changing the angle of conception. For well-known materials, if we think and analyze the problem from another angle, we will find new things and get new enlightenment.
The intention is to establish the theme. As far as argumentative writing is concerned, the theme (central argument) of an article is generally indicated in the title of the composition, for example, "Whoever says' teaching others how to play the axe' cannot play the axe'". Generally speaking, you don't need to think more about ideas when writing such articles; But not all topics are like this, such as "papers and knowledge", "learning and thinking" and so on. Regarding papers and knowledge, the general candidates tend to simplify their thinking and establish the argument as "knowledge is more important than diploma", which is actually the result of lax examination; A better idea is to have both knowledge and diploma: there can be no diploma without knowledge, and there can be no diploma without knowledge at present. When writing this idea, the key is how to demonstrate the latter. If we can explain it in detail in combination with the current reality of workplace recruitment, the article will reach a certain depth.
Generally speaking, article writing should follow the following principles as far as possible when conceiving:
6? 1 accords with material facts. The theme of an article is extracted from concrete materials, not imagined by the author. First of all, it should conform to the facts of the material itself, and it should be the true embodiment of the essence of the specific material. The theme established in this way is credible, and the article can have real and touching power.
6? 1 reflects the essence of things. A theme that conforms to the facts may not reflect the essence of things. The correct concept should be both true and reveal the essence of things. Ordinary writers are often influenced by the appearance of factual phenomena in their lives, but they can't reflect their essence through phenomena, so they often make objective descriptions when writing, but they are often simply listed and superficial, and they can't dig out the truth of the essence of things. This idea is not good.
6? 1 embodies the spirit of the times. The content of the article changes with the changes of the times, and the conception of the article should also reflect the distinctive characteristics of the times. The times is an important feature of the theme of the article. Bai Juyi once said: "Articles are written in the times, and songs and poems are written in things." The article is intended to closely follow the pulse of the times, grasp the rhythm of the times, and strive to write excellent works with strong flavor of the times and reflecting the essence of life of the times. The ideas in A Dream of Red Mansions and Blessing are the same. In the civil servant's exam-oriented composition, it is more necessary to closely link with reality, focus on social reality and strengthen the times of the article.