Title (center)
Abstract: content
Also known as summary, abstract. It is a short article, which concisely and accurately describes the important contents of the literature, without comments or supplementary explanations.
Its basic elements include research objectives, methods, results and conclusions. Specifically, it is the main object and scope of research work, the means and methods adopted, the achievements and important conclusions obtained, and sometimes other important information with intelligence value.
Matters needing attention in writing abstract
(1) What has become common knowledge in this field should be excluded from the abstract; Never write what appears in the introduction into the abstract; Generally don't interpret and comment on the content of the paper (especially self-evaluation).
(2) Don't simply repeat the existing information in the topic. For example, if the title of an article is "Study on Rhizome Formation in Vitro Culture of Several Orchids from China", then don't write at the beginning of the abstract: "For.
(3) Rigorous structure, concise expression and exact semantics. What to write first, then what to write, should be arranged in logical order. Sentences should be coherent and echo each other. Use long sentences with caution and keep them as simple as possible. Every sentence should be clear, and there should be no vague, general or vague words, but the abstract is a complete essay after all, and telegraph writing is not enough. The abstract is not segmented.
(4) Use the third person. It is suggested that the description methods such as "research …", "report …" and "investigation …" should be used to indicate the nature and theme of the literature at one time, instead of "this article" and "author" as subjects.
(5) Standardized terms should be used instead of symbols and terms that are not widely known and commonly used. If there are new terms or no suitable Chinese terms, you can indicate the original text in brackets or after translation.
(6) In addition to being really inflexible, mathematical formulas and chemical structural formulas are generally not used, and illustrations and tables do not appear.
(7) Unless the literature confirms or denies the published works of others, there is no need to cite them.
(8) Abbreviations, abbreviations and codes must be explained when they first appear, except those that can be clearly understood by adjacent professional readers. Other matters that should be paid attention to when writing scientific papers, such as using legal units of measurement, using language and punctuation correctly, are also applicable to the preparation of abstracts.
The main problems in the compilation are: incomplete elements, or lack of purpose, or lack of methods; Citation is not independent and self-evident; Improper simplification.
Extended data
Classification of abstract:
According to the different functions of abstracts, there are roughly three types.
(1) report summary
A reportable summary is a concise summary indicating the subject scope and content outline of the document, which is equivalent to an introduction. The summary of the report is generally used to reflect the purpose, methods, main results and conclusions of scientific papers, and to provide readers with as much qualitative or quantitative information as possible within a limited number of words, which fully reflects the innovation of this study.
Scientific papers will not arouse readers' interest without innovative contents, unique methods or conclusions that can stand the test. Therefore, it is suggested that academic journals (or collections of essays) choose more reportorial abstracts and introduce the main contents of the papers to readers with slightly more words than other abstracts.
Report the author's main research results and relatively complete quantitative and qualitative information in the form of "abstract points", and the length should be about 300 words.
(2) Indicative summary
Indicative abstract is a summary that shows the nature and level of the theme and achievements of a document, and its purpose is to make readers have a general understanding of the main content of the research (that is, what the author has done). Abstracts of papers with less innovative content can be written as indicative abstracts, which are generally suitable for academic journals' briefings, problem discussion columns, technical journals, etc. Instead of simply introducing the topic of the paper, let readers have a general understanding of the main content of the paper. The length should be around 100 words.
(3) Report-indicative summary
Report-indicative summary is to express the most valuable part of the paper in the form of report summary and the rest in the form of indicative summary. The length should be 100 ~ 200 words.
The above three abstract classifications are available for the author to choose from. Generally speaking, articles submitted to academic journals should be in the form of reportable abstracts; Only papers with less innovative content can be written into reports-indicative or indicative summaries. The ultimate goal of publishing a paper is to be used by people.
If the abstract is not well written, in today's information explosion era, when the paper enters the abstract magazine retrieval database, the chances of being read and quoted will be much less or even lost. A paper is of high value and contains many innovations. If you write an indicative summary, you may lose more readers. In this case, if the author's abstract is too simple, the editor should remind him to revise it when he leaves class.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Abstract