This helps us to understand the relationship between various qualities.
People are the unity of various qualities. In order to facilitate understanding and research, we divide quality into different parts. Every quality is a different aspect of a complete person's development, organically unified in a person, forming a complete quality whole of a person, which is manifested as a complete personality in real life. All components of education are also different aspects of unified education, which organically constitute a complete education and have an impact on people.
Various qualities permeate each other. For example, scientific quality may include ideological and aesthetic factors, and aesthetic quality may also include scientific and ideological factors. Similarly, education permeates each other. Intellectual education includes moral education, aesthetic education, physical education and labor education, as well as aesthetic education. As an integral part of education, every kind of education cannot be mechanically divided. In real life, there is no pure "moral education" or "intellectual education" that does not contain other educational elements.
The relationship between various qualities is not flat and parallel. The components of education are not in parallel. From natural physiological quality to psychological quality and social and cultural quality, it embodies the hierarchy of development from low to high, that is, the difference of quality development level. Different levels of quality are also different in nature, showing different characteristics. Physical quality has innate heredity, individual difference, mature biological process of growth and development, unlimited potential, and is at the grassroots level of overall quality development. Psychological quality is the alloy of congenital biological factors and acquired social factors, which affects the development of natural physiological quality and mediates the internalization of social and cultural experience, and is at the intermediate level of quality development. Social and cultural quality is the accumulation of a certain social culture. As a reflection of interpersonal relationship, that is, social relationship, it is manifested as political quality, ideological quality and moral quality in individuals; As a reflection of the relationship between man and nature, it is manifested in the individual's mastery of scientific and cultural knowledge and the development of ability. Social and cultural qualities such as knowledge, thought, morality and aesthetic feeling are formed and developed on the basis of psychological development. At the highest level of quality development. Corresponding to the level of quality structure, all components of education are at different levels. Physical education is the foundation, while intellectual education, moral education and aesthetic education are the highest. If psychological education is also an integral part of education, it is at the middle level. Various components contained in labor technology education can be decomposed into other education, and when it integrates the factors of other education, it becomes a relatively independent educational component. It is inappropriate for us to juxtapose morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor. The relationship between the five educations is not a parallel relationship on a plane.
The reason why people receive education and study is only to solve a basic problem: being a man. How to be a good person.
Therefore, to understand how to deal with the problem of "moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic work", we must first know what we can use as human beings.
Confucius said, "Being ambitious in Tao, being virtuous in virtue, being kind in benevolence and traveling in art are the knowledge you need to be a man.".
Being interested in Tao is because the basic operation of the world, whether in the natural world or the human world, follows certain scientific principles. So people's behavior must be based on knowing the truth. But the truth in this world is endless, and the scope of human activities is very limited because of human energy, so we only need to master the truth closely related to our own activity space.
After you understand the truth, you will put it into action, and the result of acting according to the truth is virtue. So the essence of moral education is actually the indoctrination of human relations.
After understanding the truth, we can judge the phenomenon of things in life. This ability to judge right and wrong is wisdom.
Human behavior needs the support of the body, so the development of sports lies in meeting the dynamic requirements of human basic behavior, that is, health is good.
What is beauty? Confucius said that benevolence is beautiful. In other words, reasonable understanding and behavior are the real beauty. Therefore, the cultivation of aesthetics also boils down to the relevant principles of educating students about life.
The purpose of human labor is to create wealth, and the only value of wealth is to feed people, that is, to provide protection for people's material life. The basis of effective labor is skill, which is skill. Confucius said that recreation means that after a person has certain labor skills, he can provide himself with the basic guarantee of life. With this premise, all aspects of life can gain great freedom. There are not many labor skills, just right, that is, the problem of career development.
To sum up, the development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, in fact, the core problem is to instill in students the truth of being a man. Exercise is the guarantee of physical strength, which is relatively easy to achieve. In today's industrial age, the education of labor skills is based on natural science. The indoctrination of students' life principles is centered on Chinese subjects.
If we understand these relations clearly, it is not difficult to find that in order to realize the all-round and harmonious development of students' morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, we must distinguish the priorities of each subject. Be the first, be the second, and ensure physical strength.