Due to centralization and hereditary inheritance, a large number of young princes and confused princes appeared, which led to the dictatorship of eunuchs, consorts or courtiers. If the source is turbid, there will be no clear stream, which will naturally lead to the overall corruption of the bureaucratic class.
Feudal centralization reached its peak, and imperial power had the greatest constraint on the people. Class contradictions are sharp.
2. Economically speaking: speaking from the economic basis, the productivity of feudal society is always backward. The land ownership of feudal landlords was dominant. The feudal ruling class, from emperors, nobles, bureaucrats to ordinary landlords, occupied most of the land, while farmers owned little or no land.
Farmers cultivate landlords' land and pay high rents. Landlords annexed land through political power or violence. The intensification of exploitation of farmers will inevitably intensify class contradictions and social contradictions.
Feudal economy based on natural economy no longer plays an active role, but becomes an important factor hindering economic development.
Culturally speaking, the implementation of stereotyped writing examination in Ming Dynasty and literary inquisition in Qing Dynasty destroyed intellectuals and seriously hindered the development of culture and the progress of science and technology.
4. From the diplomatic point of view: since Zheng He in the Ming Dynasty, foreign exchanges were rarely active, but in the Qing Dynasty, the country closed its doors to the outside world, which hindered cultural exchanges and development.
The emergence and development of the feudal interest extension system has gone through a long process, and the origin time has been difficult to verify. According to historical records, in the era of the Yellow Emperor, the early feudal system was described by "inviting guests to follow", "respecting Xuanyuan as emperor" and "the Yellow Emperor placed the left and right prisons in the eyes of all people".
During the Yao and Shun period, there was "harmony among nations", and all nations were dominated by the son of heaven. "Shangshu Gong Yu" also records that Yu Xia held a ceremony to "crack the grass and crack the soil" and gave the land to the princes.
In the Xia Dynasty, governors with the same surname, such as Zhuan Xu, Zhuanshan, Guo Guo and Guo Bao, were also enfeoffed. Shang Tang destroyed Xia Hou, enfeoffed the descendants of Xia Dynasty as Qi State, enfeoffed Fei State, Gu Zhu State and other vassal states. When Wu Ding was in the Shang Dynasty, his ministers Hou Que, Hou Gao, Empress Fu Hao, Fu Jing and others all had fiefs. In the Zhou Dynasty, the perfection of the feudal system reached its peak.
In view of the numerous governors at that time, Zhou Shi must be the master of * * * *, which is for the prosperity and destruction of the country. In the name of peerless, feudal princes enfeoffed the Ji surname and heroes, and established the country by using the original clans and tribes in various places, and their power expanded from top to bottom. Zhou Tianzi officially became the master of the world, and the feudal scale of the Zhou Dynasty was officially completed.
Legend has it that the descendants of the holy king, the adherents of Shang Dynasty and the soldiers who made meritorious deeds let them be "princes" in the local area and manage them in different districts to assist the King of Zhou. The banned "princes" continued to be sealed in the "national seal". Through this step-by-step enfeoffment, subordinates assumed the obligation to pay tribute to their superiors, defend themselves militarily and obey orders.
Baidu Encyclopedia-China Feudal Society