Introduction: Abstract, also called abstract, is an important part of the paper. It is a short essay, summarizing the contents of the document, describing the important contents of the document concisely and accurately, without comments or supplementary explanations. It should be self-evident, and it has the same main information as the literature, that is, you can get important information without reading the full text. The abstract is usually placed after the title and at the beginning of the article.

How to write the abstract of the paper? After a paper is published, its abstracts are often collected by the literature retrieval system. It consists of four parts: purpose, method, result and conclusion. The purpose part should briefly explain the purpose of the study, explain the reasons for asking questions, and explain the scope and importance of the study; The method part should explain the basic design of the research topic, what materials and methods are used, how to compare them in groups, the scope and accuracy of the research, how to obtain data and what statistical methods are used; The results part should list the main results and data of the research, what new findings are there, explain their values and limitations, describe them concretely and accurately, and give the credible value of the results and the exact value of statistical significance test; The conclusion part should briefly explain and demonstrate the correct viewpoint and its theoretical value or application value, and whether it is worth recommending or popularizing. To put it bluntly, the abstract is the skeleton of your article.

Papers usually have abstracts, some for international communication, and foreign language (mostly English) abstracts. It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments or comments. Other uses are to obtain necessary information without reading the full text of the paper. The abstract shall include the following contents:

① The purpose and significance of this study;

(2) the main content of the study, which shows what has been done;

(3) The basic conclusions and research results highlight the originality of the paper;

④ The significance of the conclusion or result.

Although the abstract of the paper should reflect the above contents, the text must be very concise, the content should be fully summarized, and the length is generally limited to less than 5% of the words in the paper. For example, a 6000-word paper usually has an abstract of no more than 300 words.

1. Number of words in the abstract

The number of words required is between 300 and 400.

2. The basic specification of the abstract (1) should be written in the third person. Abstract is a complete essay, which is independent and can be used alone. Even if you don't read the full text of the paper, you can still understand the main content of the paper, the author's new ideas and viewpoints, the purpose to be achieved, the methods adopted, the results and conclusions of the research. (2) The narrative is complete, the logic is prominent, and the essay structure is reasonable.

(3) the text should be concise and to the point, and redundant words are not allowed. We should adopt the method of direct expression, without unnecessary literary embellishment, and provide the maximum information with the least number of words.

(4) Special characters, charts and mathematical expressions composed of special characters are not used in the abstract, and examples cannot be cited.

3. Content elements of the abstract

Purpose, method, object and conclusion are called abstract four elements.

(1) Objective: The scope, purpose and importance of graduation thesis research.

(2) Methods: What research methods were used in the graduation thesis?

(3) Results: State the research results of graduation thesis.

(4) Conclusion: Important conclusions and main viewpoints obtained through the study of the problem.