The evaluation of Qin Shihuang's merits and demerits has always been a controversial situation. I think we should objectively and fairly evaluate the merits and demerits of Qin Shihuang from the viewpoints of historical materialism and philosophy.
No matter whether Qin Shihuang was more successful or not, he was the crown of tyrants among the kings of China, which was a shame for generations. Because it annexed six countries, unified China, wrote the same book, shared the same track with cars, built the Great Wall with unified measurement to resist the Huns, and excavated the Lingqu to unify South Vietnam, it was also called "the Emperor through the ages".
Anyway, in Qin Shihuang's later years, because of his "arrogance, wisdom and contempt for things", Qin was pushed to the brink of extinction, just like Lu Chunqiu. In summing up the experience of national subjugation, Pride Chapter said, "The master of national subjugation must be arrogant, wise and despise things." Pride is foolish, wisdom is arbitrary, and lightness is unprepared. If you are unprepared for the disaster, you will be in danger and Jane will be embarrassed. "Qin Shihuang is such a monarch who is arrogant, intelligent and contemptuous.
Work is more important than success;
My first impression of Qin Shihuang was: cold and cruel. Because I saw that he used more than 700,000 people to build the Epang Palace and the tomb of Mount Li, which caused a large number of farmers to stop production and the fields were barren. I also saw him burn books to bury Confucianism. Except for books such as medicine and planting trees, all poems, books and hundreds of works were burned. The next year, many scholars accused him of burying more than 400 people alive for libel. This is the famous "burning books to bury Confucianism" in history. This shows how cruel he is! However, after learning this lesson, I saw his advantage-being good at governing the country. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he established centralization. In order to make the country rich and strong, he took many measures. The first measure is to abolish the enfeoffment system and establish the county system. He abolished the enfeoffment system established in the previous Zhou Dynasty. In the central government, the Prime Minister Qiu He was established. The prime minister assisted the emperor in handling state affairs, Qiu was in charge of military affairs, and Doctor Tai was responsible for supervising officials. They are not subordinate to each other, and they are all responsible to the emperor. At the local level, he established a group of county-level administrative agencies, which administered counties. The chief of the regiment is called Tuanwei, and the chief of the county is called the county magistrate. Cars on the same track, books in the same language, this is the second measure. Let's imagine: wouldn't it be shameful if Qin Shihuang sat in a big and beautiful carriage during the military parade and almost occupied the road and knocked down all the stalls set by others? Besides, even if he didn't hit anyone, if he had come to other countries before, such as Yan or Qi, if the road was narrow, wouldn't Qin Shihuang have lost his car and left by himself? I don't think it's possible. In the same way, let's imagine that if Qin Shihuang sent a general (recruited from other countries) to the frontier to resist the Huns, he was deadlocked with them for a long time and finally "ran out of ammunition and food." So, the general wrote a letter (in his own words, of course) and asked one of his men to give it to Qin Shihuang, hoping that he could transport some food to reinforce him. Qin Shihuang was dumbfounded after receiving the letter. Unable to understand the general's letter, Qin Shihuang immediately called all ministers to study it. However, when they solved this problem, the war was over. This shows the importance of unified writing. Unified measurement, this is the third measurement. This is crucial to the economic development of Qin State. Personally, I think there is another simple reason why I want to measure uniformly: to avoid the phenomenon of short weight. In addition, Qin Shihuang also built the Great Wall. Although thousands of people died in the process of construction, if it is not repaired, the Huns will still sacrifice so many people or more!
Too much is greater than work:
Qin Shihuang and Ying Zheng destroyed six countries. How magnificent! Li Bai once said in a poem, "The King of Qin sweeps Liuhe and wants to see it!" ! Qin Shihuang was the first unified emperor in China. He unified the monetary weights and measures, consolidated the unification of Qin State, promoted the economic and cultural exchanges in various places, and had a far-reaching impact on later generations.
But there is no denying that Qin Shihuang was indeed a tyrant! In order to strengthen ideological control, books were burned to bury Confucianism, which caused great losses to ancient China culture; In order to build Epang Palace and Lishan Mausoleum, the Qin Dynasty used 700,000 prisoners and slaves every year. Criminal law is cruel. There are 10 kinds of death penalty alone, such as beheading, splitting cars and so on. There are many kinds of corporal punishment, such as cutting off feet and nose, etc., and methods such as "clan punishment" and "sitting together" are also practiced ... Coupled with the cruelty of Qin Ershi, the Daze Township Uprising broke out in the first 209 years.