Freud's psychoanalytic theory is helpful to mental health, so what is this theory? Health psychology: I have compiled Freud's psychoanalytic theory for you, hoping to help you.

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Social and Historical Background of Freud's Psychoanalysis Theory

The emergence of any theory is not accidental. Neither absurd theory nor scientific theory can be invented by scholars out of thin air, but it must be a reflection of certain social existence and a product under certain social and historical conditions. So is Freud's psychoanalytic theory.

/kloc-In the late 20th century, Austria developed from free competition of capitalism to monopoly capitalism economically, which led to sharp social contradictions, especially corruption of the big bourgeoisie, bankruptcy of the middle and small bourgeoisie at any time, unemployment of a large number of workers and extremely miserable life of the people. Politically, the Austrian people are increasingly oppressed by the bourgeoisie and the broad masses of people are in dire straits. In this turbulent social system, people are depressed and in constant fear. Culturally, Austria's stale and hypocritical morality and flashy writing style dominate, especially in the patriarchal Jewish society, where religious atmosphere is strong and social taboos are harsh, especially the relationship between men and women is deeply imprisoned, sexual instinct is greatly suppressed, resulting in great mental trauma and inner tension conflicts, and the incidence of neurosis and mental illness is increasing. Freud's psychoanalysis theory reflects this social situation, adapts to social needs, and is produced and developed in the process of treating mental illness. Mental illness has always been regarded as evil spirits, witchcraft or devil possession, and people often take inhuman measures such as punishment and isolation to treat people with mental disorders. The development of human civilization paved the way for the scientific research of mental illness.

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The main contents of Freud's psychoanalytic theory

Freud's psychoanalytic theory can be divided into two stages: early stage and late stage. In his early theory, he divided people's psychological life into two levels, namely, subconscious and consciousness. The subconscious can be further divided into two different levels, namely the subconscious itself and the pre-consciousness. Traditional psychology mainly studies the phenomenon and content of consciousness. Freud believed that psychoanalysis should mainly study the contents of the subconscious. The subconscious mind includes all the driving forces, impulses or instincts that we are unaware of, but it inspires most of our words, emotions and behaviors. It is a variety of instinctive impulses or physiological driving forces centered on sex, it is the fundamental power foundation of personality development and the essence of individual spiritual life; It is not only the foundation of the formation of human society, but also the internal driving force of social development. The subconscious plays an important role in human social life, and its basic characteristics are primitiveness, impulsiveness, activity, irrationality, eternity, immorality and nonverbality. Pre-consciousness includes all those psychological elements that were not aware at that time but may be aware at any time.

There are two sources of pre-conscious content: the first source is consciousness perception; The second source is the subconscious. Consciousness plays a secondary role in psychoanalysis. Consciousness can be defined as those psychological elements that are perceived at any time, and it is the level of psychological life that we can directly reach.

Freud believed that the human spirit or mind has a complex structure, just like a? Hierarchical kingdom? . In human spirit, besides conscious emotion, thinking and will, it also includes unconscious emotion, thinking and will. ? We have two kinds of unconsciousness? One is latent, but it can become consciousness; The other is depression. In essence, simply put, it cannot be consciousness. ? The former is a past concept or experience preserved in the form of memory, which has little or no relationship with reality, so it is expelled from the field of consciousness. But if necessary, these temporarily forgotten memories can be revived to the level of consciousness by focusing or reminding. So, he called it? Latent? what's up Unconscious? Or? Preconception The latter refers to the psychological process hidden in the deep mental structure and is the repository of all kinds of primitive impulses. This unconsciousness? Generally can't enter consciousness? Only through professional psychoanalysis can it be made conscious. Freud thought? Consciousness is not the essence of psychology, but only an attribute of psychology, an unstable attribute, because it disappeared immediately and disappeared longer than it existed. ? So Freud thought. The subconscious system can be compared to a large anterior chamber, in which various spirits are as excited and crowded as many individuals. Adjacent to the anterior chamber is a smaller room, just like a reception room, where consciousness stays. But at the door between the two rooms, there stood a man who was in charge of guarding the door, checking and testing all kinds of mental excitement, and forbidding those excitement he didn't agree to enter the reception room. You can immediately know whether the doorman drove away any impulse at the door or waited until the impulse invaded the reception room, which is not important; Because that's just a question of how careful and agile he is in identification. This metaphor can now be used to expand our nouns. In the front room, the excitement in the subconscious is imperceptible to the consciousness in the other room, so they stay in the subconscious at first. If they enter the door and are kicked out by the janitor, then they can't become conscious: then we call them repressed. But even the excitement of being allowed to get started does not necessarily turn into consciousness; Only when it can attract the attention of consciousness can it become consciousness. ?

Freud analyzed the contents of the subconscious through unique methods, such as clinical observation, free association, dream analysis and daily life events. He regards sexual instinct as the basic desire, primitive impulse and inherent tendency of behavior in human life. Freud's psychoanalytic theory divides instinct into two categories, one is? Natural instinct? , usually called sex or sex; What is the other category? Death instinct? Sometimes called destructive or aggressive instinct. ? Sexual instinct? The purpose is to bring pleasure to the body by eliminating sexual excitement, but this pleasure is not limited to the pleasure of genitals, and the whole body is full of libido. ? Destroy or attack instinct? The purpose is to return the organism to the inorganic state, that is, death.

Throughout life, the instinct of life and the instinct of death constantly struggle with each other, and at the same time they must follow the principle of reality, which represents the requirements of the outside world. These real-world needs make it impossible for sexual instinct and aggressive instinct to be directly and unimpeded satisfied. They usually lead to anxiety, thus expelling many sexual and aggressive desires into the subconscious. Freud's subconsciousness is the core of psychoanalytic theory. Later, Freud revised the theory of consciousness and proposed? Yidi? 、? Self? 、? Superego? Is the main component of personality structure. ? Yidi? At the core of personality, what individuals are completely unaware of is called the field of psychology. ? Yidi? It is transliteration, which means self-centered, and often meets the need to reduce tension by pursuing instinctive desires. ? Yidi? Follow the principle of happiness. Yidi? It is primitive, chaotic, unconscious, unchangeable, illogical and unorganized. It accepts energy by instinct and releases energy to satisfy the principle of happiness. ? Yidi? No direct contact with the outside world, all instincts, desires, impulses, etc. Must go through? Self? This intermediate link has been satisfied to some extent. ? Self? What is the main function of coordination? Yidi? Desire, give it appropriate satisfaction, and at the same time do it according to the objective requirements of the real environment. ? Superego? It represents the ethics and conscience of society, which is related to? Yidi? Meet the direct conflict of social requirements, rules, etc. The best principle works on it and passes supervision? Self? Want to limit? Yidi? Instinct conflicts, thus guiding, guiding and controlling the individual's own behavior. ? Superego? We should also provide intrinsic rewards for good behavior, such as pride, self-esteem and self-love. Not good? Punishing behavior, such as guilt, shame, inferiority, etc.

In terms of personality structure, Yidi? 、? Self? 、? Superego? The three are always in opposition and contradiction, and it is this contradiction, conflict and struggle that causes the individual's own complex psychological activities and behaviors. The concept of conflict runs through Freud's psychoanalytic theory, and there are conflicts in its internal elements, both in consciousness and personality structure.

Freud believed that conflict is the internal cause of all psychological activities and behaviors. Instinct and instinct are in conflict, but? Yidi? Instinctive desire? Self? Control and? Superego? The conflict between repression is the main psychological conflict, and the result of this conflict often leads to anxiety. And anxiety is basically caused by conflict. Freud divided anxiety into realistic anxiety and neurotic anxiety. The former is similar to fear, and the latter comes from? Yidi? Impulse and reason? Self? And then what? Superego? Unconscious conflict between imposed constraints. ? Yidi? Many impulses, mainly sexual impulses and aggressive impulses, may pose a threat to individuals. When we suppress these unacceptable or dangerous impulses, people will feel intense anxiety. The source of anxiety is mainly subconscious conflict. Freud believed that ego can form many protective defenses against anxiety, that is, psychological defense mechanism. The main psychological defense mechanisms are repression, denial, projection, degradation, alienation, offset transformation, rationalization, compensation, sublimation, humor, reverse formation and other forms.

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