Paper Keywords: biodiversity environmental legislation reform and improvement
With the environmental changes in China in recent years, there are many problems and challenges in the environmental situation of biodiversity protection. Therefore, we should realize the importance of natural ecological environment to biodiversity protection, promote the orderly progress of environmental legislation and do a good job in biodiversity protection.
I. Environment and biodiversity
(A) the meaning of biodiversity
Biodiversity has many definitions, including the diversity of animal and plant resources, species diversity and ecosystem diversity. It is a concrete manifestation of the richness of the earth's biological resources, reflecting the complex relationship between organisms and between organisms and the environment. Biodiversity is also an ecological complex between organisms and their environment, and it is a comprehensive composition of related ecological processes. Among them, species diversity refers to the diversity of biological forms existing in the natural environment; Ecosystem diversity refers to the diversity of biological communities and ecological processes in the biosphere; Genetic diversity refers to the diversity of genetic factors and their combinations that determine traits in life.
(B) the significance of protecting biodiversity
Biodiversity provides many raw materials for economic and social development and residents' life. Maintaining biodiversity can ensure the richness of food types and material sources. At the same time, biodiversity can also maintain soil fertility, ensure water quality and regulate climate, thus ensuring and improving the natural environment for human survival. The maintenance of biodiversity is also conducive to maintaining the richness and diversity of species on the earth and protecting the gene pool of life species on the earth. Prevent the shortage of biological gene pool brought by endangered species.
Second, the impact of environmental degradation on biodiversity.
(A) ecological environment degradation, a sharp decline in species diversity.
Due to the long-term economic development, unreasonable over-exploitation and utilization have caused a sharp deterioration of the ecological environment in China. Forest area reduction, grassland degradation, desertification, lake wetland reduction, river drying up and water pollution have caused the overall deterioration of the ecological environment. At the same time, coupled with overfishing and poaching, the number of animals and plants in China has drastically decreased, and endangered species have gradually increased.
(b) Environmental impacts reduce genetic diversity.
The loss of a large number of animal and plant resources will inevitably lead to the reduction of genetic genes, which will lead to the reduction of genetic diversity. Long-term protection and over-exploitation have significantly reduced the animal and plant resources in many areas of China. Take wild rice as an example: the distribution point of early investigation of wild rice has been reduced from 16 to three now, and the distribution area has also been greatly reduced.
(c) Environmental degradation leads to the loss of ecosystem diversity and landscape diversity.
Environmental degradation is particularly damaging to the ecosystem. A large number of human activities have changed the living environment, grassland has become cultivated land, and mountains have become farmland Shui Bo, which has led to major changes in the original ecosystem. The drastic change of ecosystem will also lead to the change of biological composition and living style in the system. In addition, many natural ecosystems have been transformed into artificial ecosystems, resulting in a single ecosystem and a large loss of biodiversity in the process of transformation.
In short, due to the over-exploitation and demand for natural resources, the existing ecological environment in China is deteriorating and biodiversity is rapidly losing. The destruction of ecosystem and the decrease of biological species will eventually threaten human health and social development. Therefore, we need to strengthen environmental protection and create a good external environment for enriching ecological diversity.
Third, the significance of environmental legislation
(A) environmental legislation is the need to ensure the safety of the ecological environment
The rapid deterioration of the ecological environment makes the problem of ecological security increasingly prominent. The protection of species diversity, genetic diversity and ecosystem diversity involved in biological species security is closely related to environmental protection. This makes protecting the ecological environment the basis for achieving other goals.
(2) Environmental legislation is the need of sustainable development.
Improving the ecological environment and maintaining biodiversity are the basic elements of long-term social development. With the rapid development of economy and society and the demand of production, the damage to the environment has increased, and the threat to biodiversity has intensified, leading to the accelerated extinction of endangered species. Long-term emphasis on economic development has neglected the protection of natural environment and the rational utilization of biological resources, which has seriously damaged the biodiversity of China and does not meet the requirements of long-term economic and social development. Only through relevant environmental legislation can we maintain a good living environment, thus creating conditions for the existence of many creatures, and on this basis, scientifically and rationally utilize natural biological resources to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of human society.
(C) Environmental legislation is the need to improve China's legal protection system.
Strengthening environmental legislation and perfecting the legal basis of biodiversity protection will make China's biodiversity protection work have laws to follow. Establishing and perfecting a reasonable legal protection system can create a good macro-environment for biodiversity protection from the institutional and legal levels, and at the same time make specific protection work have clear norms and guidance. It fills the legal gap and improves the effectiveness of protection work.
Fourth, strengthen the basic principles of environmental legislation.
(1) Environmental legislation should be guided by Scientific Outlook on Development.
Scientific Outlook on Development is a long-term strategic thought of economic and social development. The requirement of social development and the consumption of natural resources in China need long-term planning and development expectation, and scientific and reasonable guidance of development ideas that conform to the development law.
(2) Environmental legislation adheres to the principle of species equality.
Any species has its unique position and function in the natural ecological environment and is an indispensable part. No matter what the life form and function of species are, they should be respected. In the ecological environment, human beings and other species should be equal and interdependent. We should respect the rationality and equality of other species, and we should not pretend to be superior. Scientific and meticulous environmental legislation should be adopted to protect the natural ecological environment where species coexist and promote the equal and coordinated development of species.
(c) Environmental legislation should be combined with the actual situation in the region.
The natural ecological environment is a complex system, which presents various regional characteristics under different geographical conditions, and the derived biological chains and biological species are also different. For example, China Plateau has unique animal and plant resources that other landforms do not have, and the biological species and ecological chain in desert environment are also very different from those in plain areas. Therefore, according to the unique natural environment and ecosystem of each region, we should study the outstanding problems in biodiversity protection in this region and formulate feasible environmental protection laws and regulations according to local conditions.
(d) Environmental legislation should give full consideration to public participation.
Human activities have a great impact on the natural environment, thus significantly changing the ecosystem and biodiversity in the environment. Therefore, to do a good job in biodiversity protection is mainly to control the adverse effects of human activities to avoid ecological damage. When formulating environmental laws and regulations, we should comprehensively consider the living and production characteristics of local residents, and clearly control the adverse impact of current activities on the ecological environment with laws and regulations. At the same time, from the perspective of facilitating residents' activities, we should formulate environmental protection laws that conform to the development characteristics of residents in this area, guide residents to carry out their daily activities scientifically and reasonably, and achieve harmony and common development with the natural ecological environment. If the law does not conform to the local actual situation, the operability of the protection work and the public's enthusiasm for participation will be reduced, which will limit the actual effect of the natural environment and biodiversity protection work.
(e) Environmental legislation should pay attention to absorbing and drawing lessons from advanced achievements.
Compared with the development level of developed countries, China's environmental legislation is relatively backward and there are many shortcomings. Actively introduce and learn from the achievements of international environmental legislation to improve China's legislative work; Some exposed problems and lessons should also be absorbed and used for reference accordingly to prevent similar problems from happening. In addition, introducing relevant talents and promoting the exchange of experience and technology are also practical ways to strengthen the work. However, in the process of absorption and reference, we should fully combine China's national conditions and realistic conditions, not blindly copy, but pay attention to understanding and digestion.