1, harmful substances in smoke
According to the detection, a series of chemical reactions of thermal decomposition and thermal synthesis will occur during the incomplete combustion of cigarettes, and a large number of new substances will be formed, with more than 3,000 harmful components, including more than 30 carcinogens and accelerators. Nicotine and smoke tar are just some of these toxic substances. Take these two substances for example. The former makes smokers addicted and suffer constantly, while the latter gradually becomes a "super killer" through deposition in the body, especially in the lungs. Experiments have proved that nicotine contained in cigarettes can poison a mouse; Nicotine in 20 cigarettes can poison a cow; The lethal dose of human is 50 -70 mg, which is equivalent to the nicotine content of 20-25 cigarettes. If nicotine in a cigar or three cigarettes is injected into a person's vein, it will kill him within 3-5 minutes. Carcinogens and accelerators of cigarette tar can be deposited in the lungs, and after years of accumulation, cancer may occur. The probability of lung cancer in 45-year-old smokers for 20 years is 10 times that of non-smokers.
Harmful substances produced by cigarette ignition can be roughly divided into six categories:
(1) Aldehydes, nitrides and alkenes can stimulate respiratory tract.
(2) Nicotine is extremely toxic and acts quickly. It can stimulate sympathetic nerve and cause intimal injury. 40-60 mg of nicotine is as lethal as cyanide, a highly toxic substance. Nicotine is one of the main substances leading to dependence and addiction.
(3) Poisonous substances such as amines, cyanide and heavy metals can promote the formation of cancer cells.
(4) Radioactive substances such as phenylpropyl pyrene, arsenic, cadmium, methylhydrazine and aminophenol. These substances are carcinogenic.
⑤ Phenolic compounds and formaldehyde, etc. It has the effect of accelerating cancer.
(6) Carbon monoxide can reduce blood oxygen supply, cause tissue hypoxia, promote cholesterol increase, and indirectly affect the formation of some tumors. Ability.
Cigarettes are the most terrible killer in life.
A person who smokes/kloc-0.5 to 20 cigarettes a day is four times more likely to develop lung cancer, oral cancer or laryngeal cancer and die than a non-smoker. The risk of dying from esophageal cancer is four times higher than that of non-smokers. The probability of dying from bladder cancer is twice as high; The risk of dying of heart disease is twice as high. Smoking is the main cause of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and chronic lung disease itself will increase the risk of pneumonia and heart disease, and smoking will also increase the risk of hypertension.
Smoke is a carcinogen. Nicotine can make the heart beat faster and blood pressure rise. Tobacco smoke seems to promote the accumulation of atherosclerosis, which leads to various heart diseases. Heavy smokers are much more likely to die of a heart attack than non-smokers.
There is also the so-called "clean smoking", or second-hand smoke, which will increase the chances of non-smokers getting lung cancer. Some brands of cigarettes have lower tar and nicotine content than others, but there are no completely "safe" cigarettes in the world. Therefore, it may not be helpful to switch to "light" cigarettes. A large number of habitual smokers usually develop the habit of taking a deep breath and increasing the number of cigarettes when switching to light cigarettes.
Bladder cancer may be caused by inhaling carcinogenic chemicals contained in tar, which are absorbed by blood.
Smoking can also lead to acute poisoning death. A 40-year-old healthy man who smoked 14 cigars and 40 cigarettes for a long time in Britain felt unwell in the morning and died after being rescued by a doctor. A French club held a smoking competition. The winner smoked 60 cigarettes on him and died before winning the prize. All the other contestants are dying.
The social harm caused by smoking cannot be underestimated. Fire cases caused by smoking and littering unlit cigarette butts are often seen in newspapers. The most typical case is the forest fire in Daxinganling in May. 1987. The fire * * * caused great losses of 691.300 million yuan. Afterwards, it was found out that four of the first five fire spots of this catastrophic forest fire were caused by human beings, and two of them were ignited by cigarette butts of three smokers. It is reported that the largest survey on the relationship between smoking and death involving 6.5438+0.25 million people was conducted by Chinese and foreign medical scientists in China. The survey shows that among the male population in China, the number of deaths due to smoking is increasing rapidly. If the current smoking situation continues, China will face a large-scale epidemic of diseases caused by smoking, and one third of young men will eventually die of smoking. In China, at present, 2,000 people die from smoking every day. Most of them are men. By 2050, the number of people who die from smoking will rise to 3 million every year.
Up to now, there are more than 25 known tobacco-related diseases. The acute hazards caused by tobacco include hypoxia, rapid heartbeat, asthma, impotence, infertility, and elevated serum carbon dioxide concentration. The long-term harm of smoking mainly leads to illness and death, including heart disease, stroke, lung cancer and other cancers. Studies have shown that smoking not only harms smokers themselves, but also many similar diseases of indirect smokers, especially infants, which can lead to acute death, respiratory diseases and middle ear diseases. The World Health Organization estimates that worldwide, the number of people dying from smoking-related diseases will exceed the total number of deaths caused by AIDS, tuberculosis, dystocia, car accidents, suicide and murder.
1. Harm of smoking to respiratory system:
According to the measurement, every 1 ml of smoke can bring in 5 billion smoke particles. The respiratory defense function of normal people is far from being eliminated. The stimulation of dry and hot smoke can destroy the respiratory defense system, causing pharyngitis, tracheitis and even lung cancer. According to statistics, compared with 40 years ago, the death rate of lung cancer in recent years has increased by 18 times for men and 6 times for women.
2. The harm of smoking to cardiovascular system:
Smoking can make cardiovascular spasm contract, blood flow slow down, blood pressure increase, pulse pressure difference decrease, heart rate increase, even arrhythmia and cardiac output decrease. Carbon monoxide in tobacco can cause tissue hypoxia, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, headache, dizziness, thromboangiitis obliterans, and blood pressure continues to rise.
3. The harm of smoking to the digestive system:
Smoke poison can cause inflammation of digestive tract mucosa, decrease the secretion of gastric juice and pancreatic juice, and affect ulcer healing. It can also cause gastrointestinal dysfunction such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation. In addition, smoking can also stimulate the mouth, leading to tooth bleeding, yellow teeth, bad breath, poor taste, affecting appetite and gastrointestinal health.
4. Smoking is easy to cause nervous system disorder, hearing and memory loss, inattention, slow response and other neurasthenia symptoms:
Smoking excites the nervous system briefly, and then produces lasting paralysis, which disturbs the dynamic balance in the process of excitation and inhibition of cerebral cortex and causes autonomic nervous dysfunction. It will also reduce the sensitivity of the auditory nerve and make people lose their hearing prematurely. Long-term smoking can cause neurasthenia symptoms such as memory loss, inattention, trance, insomnia, dreaminess and unresponsiveness.
5. Smoking makes people appear precocious;
The results of foreign research show that smokers face five years earlier than non-smokers, because harmful substances in tobacco damage blood vessels in muscles and subcutaneous blood vessels, leading to malnutrition. The long-term result is dull and elastic skin, dull and dry face and premature wrinkles. Therefore, smoking will promote people's aging.
6. Harm of husband's smoking to his wife's health:
Husband smokes, wife smokes passively, and the absorption contains more than 2 times of nicotine, 3 times of tar, 5 times of carbon monoxide and 50 times of carcinogens.
7. Smoking harms fetal health and promotes premature delivery, abortion and stillbirth;
Tobacco poison can penetrate into the fetus through blood, causing damage to the brain, liver and heart of the fetus. At the same time, smoking can promote premature delivery, abortion and stillbirth. A survey in the United States proves that smokers are twice as likely to suffer from infertility as nonsmokers.
8. Adult smoking can easily lead to respiratory diseases in children and affect their growth and intellectual development;
If parents smoke, their children's chances of suffering from respiratory diseases will increase by 2 times, which will also make their children grow up, mentally retarded and their academic performance decline. At the same time, children will be more likely to become addicted to cigarettes.
Recommend a prescription for quitting smoking: mulberry leaves 12g bamboo leaves 12g Zi Yuan 15g winter flowers 15g shredded paper 12g Pinellia ternata 12g loquat leaves 12g Peucedanum 12g.
The harm of drug abuse to society
(1) Harm to families: Once drug addicts appear at home, the family will be gone. When drug addicts destroy themselves, they also destroy their families, leaving them in the predicament of economic bankruptcy, separation of relatives and even family destruction.
(2) Great damage to social productive forces: drug abuse first leads to physical illness and affects production, followed by great loss and waste of social wealth. At the same time, drug activities have also caused environmental deterioration and narrowed the living space of human beings.
(3) Drug activities disrupt social order: the intensification of drug activities induces various illegal and criminal activities, disrupts social order and poses a great threat to social stability. No matter how you take drugs, it will do great harm to the human body.
The harm of drug abuse to body and mind
(1) Toxic effect of drug abuse on the body: Toxic effect refers to a harmful effect on the body caused by excessive dosage or long medication time, usually accompanied by organic dysfunction and histopathological changes. The main features of poisoning are drowsiness, insensitivity, dyskinesia, hallucinations, delusions, disorientation and so on.
(2) Withdrawal reaction: It is a serious and potentially fatal physical and mental damage caused by long-term drug abuse, which usually occurs after sudden withdrawal or reduction of dosage. Many drug addicts died of various complications caused by severe physical withdrawal reaction, or committed suicide because they could not stand the pain and had no financial resources to buy drugs or take drugs. Withdrawal reaction is also an important reason why drug addicts are difficult to quit.
(3) Mental disorders and metamorphosis: The most prominent mental disorders caused by drug abuse are hallucinations and thinking disorders. Their behavioral characteristics revolve around drugs, and they even lose their humanity because of drug abuse.
(4) Infectious diseases: Intravenous drug abuse brings infectious complications to abusers, the most common being purulent infection and hepatitis B, as well as worrying AIDS problems. In addition, it also damages the nervous system and immune system and is prone to various diseases.
Three Harms of Drug Abuse to Human Body
(1): Physical dependence
Strong dependence caused by repeated medication.
Physical dependence: drugs act on the human body, making the human body adapt to changes and forming a new equilibrium state under the action of drugs. Once the drug is stopped, the physiological function will be disordered and a series of serious reactions will occur. This is the so-called withdrawal reaction, which makes people feel very painful. In order to avoid withdrawal reaction, drug addicts must take drugs regularly and constantly increase the dose, so that drug addicts can not live without drugs all day.
(2): Mental dependence
After drugs enter the human body, they act on the human nervous system, which makes drug addicts have a strong desire to take drugs and drives them to desperately seek and use drugs. Once mental dependence occurs, even after detoxification treatment, it often takes months or even years to fully restore the original physiological function after the withdrawal reaction in the acute stage is basically controlled. .
More seriously, dependence on drugs is difficult to eliminate. This is the reason why many drug addicts take drugs again and again, and it is also an urgent problem to be solved in the world medical community.
(3): The mechanism of drug harm to human body.
At present, heroin is the most popular and harmful drug in China, and heroin belongs to opium lamp drug. Endogenous opioid peptides and opioid receptors exist in normal brain and some organs. Under normal circumstances, endogenous opioid peptides act on opioid receptors and regulate people's emotions and behaviors. After taking heroin, people inhibit the production of endogenous opioid peptides and gradually form a balanced state under the action of heroin. Once heroin is stopped, they will have symptoms such as anxiety, cold and hot, goose bumps, tears, runny nose, sweating, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. The pain of this withdrawal reaction in turn urges drug addicts to do everything possible to maintain drug use in order to avoid this pain. Methamphetamine and ecstasy are central stimulants in pharmacological action, which destroy people's nerve center.
The harm of drug abuse far exceeds the harm of smoking! !