For a long time, the geocentric theory of Ptolemy, an ancient Greek astronomer, has dominated people's thoughts. Ptolemy believed that the earth was motionless at the center, and the sun, moon, planets and stars all revolved around the earth. Copernicus overthrew Ptolemy's theory about the movement of celestial bodies and clarified Heliocentrism: The sun is the center of the universe, and the earth revolves around the sun. Then, Bruno accepted and developed Copernicus' Heliocentrism, who thought that the universe was infinite and the solar system was just a celestial body system in the infinite universe. Galileo observed the celestial bodies through a telescope and found that the surface of the moon is uneven. Jupiter has four satellites, the sun has sunspots, the Milky Way is composed of countless stars, and both Venus and Mercury have profit and loss phenomena. Soon, Kepler analyzed Tycho. According to Bula's observation data, it is found that the planet runs in an elliptical orbit, and three laws of planetary motion are put forward, which laid the foundation for Newton to discover the law of gravity ... Therefore, it can be said that science is a process of continuous discovery and truth is a process of continuous innovation.

Conservatism is the biggest obstacle to innovation (Newton tends to be conservative in his later years)

Newton is one of the greatest scientists in the world, and his contribution to science is unprecedented. He made many important discoveries in his life: three laws of mechanics, gravitation, cooling law and calculus. But in his later years, his research fell into the category of Aristotle and Plato. He spent ten years studying the existence of God, but naturally he found nothing. From this point of view, even great scholars can't achieve anything once they fall into the old category.

Innovation is the expression of personality (Zheng Banqiao's originality is one).

Zheng Banqiao was a painter and writer, and one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" in Qing Dynasty. He loved calligraphy since childhood and was determined to master the essence of ancient and modern calligraphy. He studied hard and practiced hard, but at first he just copied famous copybooks repeatedly and made little progress, which was deeply distressing. It is said that once I was fascinated by practicing calligraphy, I actually painted on my wife's back. When his wife asked him what he was doing, he said he was practicing calligraphy. His wife scolded lightly: "everyone has a body, and your body is your body;" The human body is the human body. What do you always wrap on others? " Hearing this, Zheng Banqiao suddenly realized that calligraphy is original and self-contained. It always plagiarizes other people's inscriptions. How can we do that? Since then, he has worked hard to innovate, explored the skills of painting bamboo in calligraphy art, and finally formed his own unique style-Banqiao style.

Innovation pushes history forward (Shang Yang Reform)

Shang Yang's political reform is a series of reform measures carried out by Shang Yang, a famous politician in the Warring States Period, to safeguard the interests of the rulers of Qin State.

In 36 1 year BC, Qin Xiaogong ascended the throne. The young monarch was determined to change the backward state of Qin, so he issued a decree to seek talents through reform. At this time, Shang Yang came to Qin from Wei.

When Shang Yang arrived in the State of Qin, he publicized "the art of strengthening the country" and was determined to help Qin Xiaogong carry out social reform. Therefore, he won the trust and appointed him as Chang.

In 359 BC and 350 BC, Qin promulgated two new laws under the auspices of Shang Yang. After Shang Yang's political reform, Qin took on a new look. Qin has changed from a backward country to a powerful one, with a strong military and the fear of governors. There has been a situation of "the family gives enough people, the people are brave in public war, the private fights are afraid, and the towns and cities are governed together".

It is precisely because of its role that the history of the Qin Dynasty has become so brilliant.