First, herd behavior and its causes

In a group, when an individual disagrees with most other members, he will feel that he is a member of the group.

Pressure, when this pressure is very great, individuals will give up their opinions, accommodate the opinions of the majority and make their own decisions.

Behavior completely contrary to one's will is called conformity behavior in social psychology.

Psychologists believe that the surface reaction and inner reaction of conformity behavior are not necessarily the same, which can be roughly divided into

Three situations: superficial obedience and inner obedience; Obey on the surface, but disagree on the inside; Outwardly disobedient, but inwardly obedient.

From the research angle of this paper, according to the different effects of herding behavior on management effect, herding behavior is divided into two parts.

Class: positive conformity behavior and negative conformity behavior. How to induce positive conformity behavior and how to solve negative conformity behavior

Therefore, this is the purpose of this paper.

There are many reasons for conformity, mainly environmental factors and personality factors.

(a) Environmental factors: the size of the group, the attractiveness of the group, the influence of group leaders and similar members, and

The anti-conformity behavior of others.

(2) Personality factors: intelligence, self-esteem, age, personality and status.

Second, the induction of positive conformity behavior.

People often see the harmfulness of herd behavior, but they don't see the positive effect of herd behavior on management effect. This document acknowledges that

Therefore, herd behavior has played a positive role in at least the following three aspects:

(A) the behavior of integrating groups

The resources owned by any group are limited, and the allocation of these resources has two directions: one is to pay for internal consumption,

The second is to achieve group goals. Ideally, if the internal consumption is zero, the group resources will be most effectively supplemented.

Use it separately. This ideal state is impossible, because group members pursue self-goals and group goals at the same time.

Although the goals of the two standards are essentially the same, there are also contradictions between the whole and the part, the long-term and the current, so a.

It is impossible for an individual to use all the resources he has to achieve group goals. In addition, due to different views and ideas,

Because of different personalities, differences and conflicts often occur among group members, and some resources are also consumed. Pipes/pipes

An important task of management is to minimize the internal consumption of resources. Of course, this kind of management activity will inevitably disappear.

Corresponding resources are consumed.

Conformity behavior can make group behavior consistent, naturally form a joint force, reduce internal friction and improve work.

Efficiency. Management authorities can take some effective measures to induce herd behavior and minimize management costs.

(2) Reduce the cost of supervision.

In order to supervise the bad behavior of employees, organizations need to establish a strict supervision mechanism. However, the monitoring mechanism, in any case,

Perfect, it is difficult to find and correct all bad behavior, and too strict and perfect supervision mechanism, on the one hand, needs

Investing a lot of resources, on the other hand, will also hurt those employees who have not violated the rules psychologically, causing widespread opposition.

The existence of herding behavior can reduce the management cost in this respect. It is in the interest of the management in group norms.

In the case of interests, when an individual is prepared to take different actions from most members, he will feel the pressure of the group, if

He can't bear the pressure, he will adopt herd behavior. At this time, conformity behavior prevented the occurrence of bad behavior and realized it.

The supervision effect is the best. Another possibility is that when a person violates the group norms unintentionally or on impulse.

Behaviorally, because of fear of emotional exclusion and group exclusion, individuals may also correct their mistakes from the heart or be forced to do so.

Adjust your behavior to conform to the group norms. At this time, although personal bad behavior has caused certain influence,

However, timely correction can also minimize losses.

(3) Improve the efficiency of decision-making.

There is often a conflict between the quality and efficiency of decision-making. If you have enough time and the impact of the decision is serious, you should

Strive for the quality of decision. If time is very tight and you have to take immediate action, then you can only give up the quality of the decision.

Pursuing higher, efficiency first. Herd behavior has a positive effect on the latter situation. In group decision-making, as long as

If the opinions of most members or a few authoritative figures are unified, the argument will not happen, although it may reduce decision-making

Quality is to improve the efficiency of decision-making. Of course, authoritarian decision-making may be more efficient, but it completely loses group decision-making

All the advantages of.

The above-mentioned positive influence of herding behavior can be generated spontaneously, without consuming the resources of the organization, but in order to improve

The positive effect of high conformity behavior should be induced by the organization actively, which will consume some resources, but it can be taken.

Get better results.

(A) to guide the formation of group norms

The premise that herd behavior produces positive effects is that group norms are in line with the interests of the organization, otherwise, herd behavior will lead to

Making groups unite against organizations consumes a lot of useful resources. The primary task of inducing positive conformity behavior is to guide the group.

As a manager, the formation of body norms should strengthen those that conform to organizational goals and weaken those that do not.

The specifications of the target. In order to strengthen the group norms that meet the organizational goals, the following measures can be taken:

1. Reward those members who abide by the group norms;

2. When establishing norms, give all members a chance to speak. Only in this way can members agree with group norms;

3. Punish members who violate group norms.

If we want to weaken the norms of the group, we can take the following measures:

1. Find like-minded people in the group, form an alliance with them, and divide into groups;

2. Publicize the benefits and rewards of cooperation with you;

3. Instill the norms needed by the organization;

4. Don't strengthen the members who abide by the existing group norms, or even give negative reinforcement.

(B) to create a strong organizational culture

Organizational culture refers to the culture formed in the long-term survival and development of the organization, which is unique to the organization and can be formed by most people.

The sum of goals, values and codes of conduct recognized and followed by employees is an organizational culture and a group rule.

Fans are equivalent to subcultures. Although subculture has its own personality, it will not violate this culture in essence. Visible, create a

A strong organizational culture can unify the thinking of most members in the organization and also affect the formation of group norms. It passed.

There are two ways to guide herd behavior:

1. Group conformity behavior

Organizational culture guides the formation of group norms, and group norms promote herd behavior. At this time, conformity behavior conforms to

The interests of the organization require this phenomenon to be called micro-conformity behavior.

2. Herd behavior among groups

Once a strong organizational culture is formed, the whole organization is equivalent to a group, and each group is equivalent to an individual.

Organizational culture directly plays the role of group norms, forcing a group to take the same behavior as other majority groups, which

The phenomenon can be called macroscopic herding behavior.

(C) control the size of the group

Experiments show that the group pressure of 4-8 people is the greatest, and herd behavior is most likely to occur. So, if you pursue

If the goal is to improve the efficiency of decision-making, the size of this decision-making group should not be too large, and it should be controlled within 4-8 people.

Appoint an independent personality leader

In general, group leaders encourage conformity, which easily leads to conformity behavior. A leader with an independent personality is good.

Independent thinking, firm belief, independent thinking, like to impose their will on others, holding power, easy.

Promote herd behavior.

Third, the solution of passive conformity behavior.

Although herd behavior can produce some positive management effects, it is a "double-edged sword" and often hinders management.

The benign development of activities.

(A) stifle the creativity of group members

If the group encourages conformity too much, it will be dead, and there will often be consistent "English" when making decisions.

Great minds think alike. " In fact, this is due to the negative consequences caused by the unwillingness and fear of many members to express their independent opinions.

In other words, the creativity of group members is stifled.

(B) reduce the quality of decision-making

Conformity behavior can greatly improve the efficiency of decision-making and greatly reduce the quality of decision-making. There are many inappropriate people in the organization.

Sensitive decision-making, which requires high quality, herd behavior may reduce the quality of decision-making in the following aspects:

1. No more ideas;

2. Can't see the problems existing in the target scheme;

3. Urge leaders to take more risky actions.

In order to overcome the negative impact of the above herding behavior, the following specific measures are suggested:

Appoint leaders with a democratic style

Democratic leaders treat people gently, encourage subordinates to speak freely, be good at eliminating their concerns, and reduce the burden from leaders and

Group demands consistent pressure, which is easy to mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of group members, stimulate their creativity and easily induce rebellion.

The appearance of conformity behavior. "Brainstorming" can provide many innovative ideas and psychological machines in just two hours or so.

The system is that there is no general leader in the decision-making group, only the organizer or moderator, and the group members do not.

There is psychological pressure and it is easy to induce creative thinking.

(2) Deliberately arranging non-conforming members.

Experiments have proved that as long as there is an individual who opposes conformity, he dares to put forward suggestions and ideas different from those of authority and most members.

Method, it will play an exemplary role and urge other members to follow the rules. At this time, if the leaders encourage it, it will be fast.

Quickly reduce group pressure and reduce the incidence of conformity. Inspired by this, leaders should deliberately arrange 1-2 before making decisions.

Anti-conformity, their task is to deliberately oppose leaders and other members.

(C) a reasonable combination of decision-making groups

In order to overcome the herd behavior in group decision-making, we should pay attention to their personality characteristics when determining group members. Conventional sum

In other words, people with high intelligence, strong self-esteem, old age and extroverted personality are not prone to herd behavior, so when making decisions.

When planning team members, we should arrange more members with the above personality characteristics.