The employment of college students is related to social harmony and stability, which is the lifeline of the survival and development of colleges and universities. In recent years, with the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities, the employment situation of college graduates has become increasingly severe, and there is a big gap between employment ideal and reality. Faced with this situation, more and more graduates have a series of psychological problems in the process of employment. Therefore, it is of great significance to solve the psychological problems of graduates' employment and adjust themselves in time to promote the development of colleges and universities and social harmony.
Keywords: college students; Employment; Psychological problems; Self - adjustment
China Library Classification Number: G525.5 Document Identification Number: Part A Number:1672-3309 (2009) 03-0069-04.
The psychological problem of college students' employment refers to their general psychological characteristics in the process of employment. The employment of college students has become the lifeline of colleges and universities. With the in-depth development of China's reform and opening up, the employment of college students has increasingly become the focus of social attention. Especially in recent years, the contradiction of employment has become increasingly prominent, and the difficulty of employment has increased day by day, which has brought great psychological pressure to college graduates. Therefore. It is necessary to analyze and study the psychological problems of college students' employment, and guide them to learn to face the problems and actively adjust themselves. Let yourself integrate into society smoothly.
First, the main psychological problems of college students' employment
First of all, emotional factors. Mainly as follows:
1, anxiety and impatience
Employment anxiety refers to the anxiety of graduates before they implement their work units. Individuals' worries about various living environments or misunderstandings about real dangers directly lead to anxiety. At present. College graduates all hope to find an ideal job. Meanwhile. They are also worried about encountering nails when looking for a job, and some students even worry about their mistakes in choosing a job and regret it for life. They have no confidence in their future. In the process of employment, there will be some anxiety, such as nervousness, irritability, depression, etc. Some students will also suffer from insomnia, and their behavior will also be slow and helpless. Affect the employer to make an objective and correct evaluation. There are also some graduates. Your heart is heavy when you are hired. I have no idea about choosing a job, and I go wherever there are employment opportunities. Due to the lack of objective understanding of the overall employment situation and rational thinking on self-employment, a lot of useless work has been done. They are eager to sell themselves. I signed the contract hastily without knowing the employer, and found that there was a deviation from my expected result after work. Thereby breaking the contract. Bring yourself a lot of trouble and psychological troubles.
2. Depression and rebellious psychology
With the development of higher education in China? Elite education? Where to? Universal education? With the transformation, China's employment model has also changed from the original? Unified recruitment? Gradually change to market-oriented allocation, supplemented by government-guided allocation. Under this employment distribution model, the competition for job hunting is intensified, and the external pressure faced by college students is correspondingly increased and strengthened, and the frustration in the job hunting process is bound to be greater than before. Some graduates can't adjust their mentality correctly after being frustrated in employment. Show that you are not enterprising. In low spirits. Some people even escape from reality and resign themselves to fate. Causing depression. Some graduates have a rebellious attitude towards positive employment education and employment information. Correct information, goodwill criticism and suggestions from counselors, school employment guidance service centers, classmates and employers. They don't believe or listen, but they have to apply for jobs according to their own ideas.
Secondly, cognitive factors. Mainly manifested as: conceit and paranoia. Most of these graduates are student cadres or people with strong ability and superior personal or family conditions. They consider themselves superior. Full of pride; Or think that you have a full economy and good conditions in all aspects, and you should have a good home. When choosing a job, they tend to aim too high. It is difficult to find a job that employers are satisfied with, which leads to paranoia. At present. There are some common paranoia among college students, mainly manifested in the following three points: (1) paranoia about professional counterparts. Some college students excessively pursue professional counterparts in employment, ignoring social needs and professional flexibility. As long as it is different from the major, I will not be interested. As long as it can't do this major, it won't be signed. (2) paranoia about high professional standards. Most graduates have high expectations for finding jobs, but most people can learn from their experience in the job market. Understand and accept the current employment situation objectively and adjust your own employment standards. Their job search criteria are too utilitarian and hierarchical, leading to a kind of employment? Matthew effect? . That is, the more high welfare, good cities, large institutions, large companies and enterprises with basically saturated personnel, the more graduates want to go. On the contrary, some enterprises located in remote mountainous areas with small institutions and lack of talents do not want to go. (3) the paranoia of pursuing fairness. It is normal for college students to be angry with some bad social atmosphere because they demand a level playing field. But some college students show excessive paranoia about fairness. All the problems in my job search are attributed to the unfairness of the job market, which has cast a psychological shadow on my whole job search process.
Third, interpersonal factors. On the one hand, it shows dependence. Some college students' ideas still remain? All-inclusive unification? In the way of employment, we can't actively adapt to the requirements of market economy. The choice of passive waiting units and the arrangement of schools. The concept of equality and dependence. ? Relying on mountains to eat mountains? The idea of dependence makes a considerable number of students pin their hopes on their parents, hoping to arrange a good unit for themselves through their parents' efforts, and even a considerable number of them appear? Someone who needs it? . On the other hand. It is characterized by communication barriers. Because of different families and social backgrounds, some college students will have obstacles in interpersonal communication, and the interpersonal contradictions and psychological discomfort caused by them will often bring a lot of troubles to some graduates. Its main manifestations are cowardice and indifference. Cowardice is a common phenomenon that college students are flushed, tongue-tied and incoherent in job interviews. Prepare hard before the interview? Lines? I completely forgot my draft. Indifference is a negative psychological reflection after encountering setbacks, and it is a manifestation of escaping from reality and lacking morale. These psychology are incompatible with the competitive mechanism and social environment of real employment.
Second, the causes of psychological problems of college students' employment
First, social reasons. On the one hand, with the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities and the sharp increase in the number of graduates, the number of jobs is limited, the job market has not been standardized, and the influence of unhealthy social trends has penetrated into the employment field of college students. In the process of two-way selection, there is still a certain market for job selection based on relationship. Born well, recommend excellent? 、? The best choice of eugenics? The principle cannot be fully embodied, so that the top students may not have good units, but the poor students can still find good units by virtue of their relationships. These realistic factors affect the fair competition of college students' employment, which makes some students' mentality unbalanced and produces emotions such as anxiety, impatience, paranoia and depression. On the other hand, college students are impacted by traditional values. The utilitarian tendency is getting more and more serious. They pay more and more attention to the interests of the present and reality when choosing a job, and lack the social awareness and long-term awareness of their profession. Besides. Local protectionism and industrial protectionism are still serious. In some regions and industries, there are still some obstacles that hinder graduates' smooth employment, such as source of students, gender, schools, etc., which make some graduates feel inferior and anxious in job hunting.
Second. School reasons. At present, colleges and universities pay more attention to policy education, relax ideological education for graduates, ignore employment guidance, lack analysis and research on ideological and psychological problems of college students in job hunting, and lack systematic guidance on employment concepts, job hunting skills and skills. Employment guidance obviously lags behind the development and changes of students' employment psychology. Causes the college students to have employment psychological problems. Most graduates lack the practical ability to find jobs and will not improve themselves properly. Dare not actively participate in the competition, can not accurately grasp the opportunity, therefore, produced paranoia, anxiety and other psychology.
Third, family reasons. It mainly includes parents' values, parents' professional orientation, parents' status and social skills, the relationship between parents and children, family environment and atmosphere. For example, under the control of traditional ideas, some families have designed an ideal employment blueprint for their children who go to college. And do everything possible to help their children arrange work. Parents want their children to choose a career with good working environment, high social status, high salary, no risk and stability. These factors lead some graduates to have a certain degree of dependence on employment.
Fourth, personal reasons. On the one hand. The concept of choosing a job lags behind the reform of the employment system. The concept of packet distribution that people are used to still exists. Choose your own job? The concept of career choice has not been fully accepted by college students. Parents have high expectations, high self-orientation, strong expectations for success, and high social demands on them, which makes college students face great pressure and show anxiety and conceit; On the other hand, it is because college students have little social experience. The psychological development is immature and unstable, and they are not good at understanding and analyzing problems, can't correctly understand themselves, can't fully understand society, and their ideals are out of touch with reality, resulting in blind conformity psychology. Facing the first employment, I lack sufficient mental preparation and poor psychological endurance. In the face of employment pressure, you can't adjust your employment mentality in time. Once you encounter difficulties and failures, you are prone to depression.
Third, the self-adjustment of college students' employment psychology
In the process of employment, college students are faced with social pressure, leaving school to go to society, and their own psychological problems. We should respond positively. Let college students form a healthy employment psychology. It needs the joint efforts of society, schools and families. But ... according to the dialectical relationship principle of internal and external causes in Marxist philosophy. Internal cause is fundamental. As the main body of employment, college students must proceed from their own actual situation. Actively adjust their employment psychology and actively adapt to the environment. Maintain harmony with the environment, objectively analyze self and reality, effectively eliminate psychological problems, and achieve the purpose of reasonable job selection, smooth employment and healthy growth.
(1) Understand the society objectively and calmly, evaluate yourself, and establish a scientific outlook on job selection.
A correct understanding of society and self-evaluation are the basis of self-adjustment. The marketization of employment and self-employment has brought opportunities and benefits to college students, but are many college students right? Market? We don't know enough about the complexity and objective reality of the job market. As individuals in society, college students cannot exist without society. Before applying for a job and choosing a job, we must first understand the employment situation and understand the requirements of the profession for job seekers. Understand the professional characteristics; Correct understanding and evaluation of self. Find a career direction that suits you, and foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. Look at yourself from a developmental perspective, and know that some of your shortcomings are not terrible. You can get a job first, and then constantly overcome them at work. Develop and improve yourself, achieve correct positioning, and scientifically match people and posts. Only in the process of choosing a job can college students evaluate themselves correctly and objectively. Maintain a healthy and good attitude, so as to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. In order to finally succeed.
Career is an important part of life, and choosing a career means choosing your own future. Decide your future development direction. Therefore, it is very necessary for college students to establish a scientific concept of career choice. To establish a correct concept of job selection, we must understand the society, the national conditions and the current employment situation. Correctly handle the relationship between national interests and personal interests. College students should establish lofty ideals and a sense of responsibility to serve the motherland and contribute to society. Establish the spirit of competition and hard work, and consciously obey the needs of society. Go to the grassroots to realize the greatest value of life. When choosing a job, college students must have a sense of advance, crisis, society and competition. Change values from personal standard to social standard, is that clear? Self-realization? It is a process of making contributions to society and others and fulfilling social responsibilities. Anyway. Blindly pursue something that looks good on the surface. But this is not for you. You won't be satisfied if you go to work in a unit that can't play effectively. Not regret it later. It's better to change yourself now and establish reasonable professional values that adapt to the development of China's market economy and the law of talent demand. Guide yourself to choose a job correctly.
(2) Overcome inferiority and enhance self-confidence. Improve the ability to resist setbacks
College students should exercise themselves more at ordinary times and overcome their fear of interacting with others. Maintaining moderate self-confidence in peacetime is the key to overcoming inferiority complex. We should overcome our timidity. Not afraid of failure. And consciously cultivate a sense of humor and learn to tease yourself. Self-confidence or not largely determines whether a person can succeed. ? If you have doubts, you will fail. If you believe in victory, you will succeed. ? We should stand firm in the process of choosing a job. You can't go with the flow. According to my major. Especially their own characteristics. The most fundamental way to build self-confidence is to improve your ability. Only by doing well in their studies, giving full play to their specialties and improving their comprehensive quality can college students be full of confidence in the face of recruiters.
It is inevitable to suffer setbacks in the process of job hunting and career selection, so we should treat it with a calm mind. Objectively analyze the reasons for your failure. First of all, under the conditions of employment marketization, poor demand situation and fierce employment competition. Failure in job hunting is inevitable, and you can't expect to succeed in every job search. Meanwhile. We should regard employment as a good opportunity to understand society, professional life and adapt to society. We should develop ourselves and promote self-maturity through job hunting activities. So what? Don't judge heroes by success or failure? . Secondly, your failure in job hunting is not necessarily due to your incompetence. There are many reasons for the failure of job hunting. Maybe it's because you chose the wrong job-hunting unit, maybe it's because your values don't match the corporate culture of your unit, or maybe it's other accidental factors. Here we go again. College students should treat setbacks and failures correctly and learn to appreciate and accept themselves. In fact, the process of employment is also a process for college students to re-recognize themselves, know the society and actively adjust themselves to the society. This can enhance self-psychological adjustment and endurance, and is also very useful for future career.
(C) the use of scientific psychological adjustment methods to maintain a healthy job-hunting mentality.
It is normal for you or your classmates to have some unhealthy mentality when applying for a job. There is no need to worry too much, but learn to adjust actively and maintain a healthy job-hunting mentality. If necessary, you can also seek the help of relevant psychologists. Self-psychological adjustment methods mainly include the following:
1, relaxation training method. Relaxation training is a way to learn to relax physically and mentally through practice. College students can use an object to develop their self-imagination ability. In this process, you can make your mind clear and feel happy. This method can reduce or eliminate all kinds of adverse reactions, such as anxiety, tension and headache.
2. Self-psychological suggestion. Self-psychological suggestion is a psychotherapy method that exerts influence on oneself by verbal or nonverbal means. Through positive self-psychological suggestion, college students can adjust their bad emotions. When choosing a job, college students can often use some things, such as? Calm down. calm down? 、? Modesty? 、? I believe I can do it, and wait for short and positive self-psychological hints to adjust my mood.
3. Attention transfer method. Attention transfer method is a method to transfer individual's attention from negative emotion to positive emotion by diverting attention. Therefore, college students can take part in some beneficial activities selectively. Turn your attention to positive activities so that you don't have time to immerse yourself in bad emotions caused by various reasons.
4. Moderate venting. Moderate catharsis is to vent inner conflicts through some means, thus balancing psychology. When you feel nervous or anxious, you can vent moderately. Talk to teachers, classmates and friends, share their troubles, relieve their depression and help them return to their rational self. Maintain and enhance mental health. You can also participate in some sports activities to eliminate psychological depression.
(four) pioneering and enterprising, the courage to start their own businesses.
College students are a group of young people with ideals, ambitions, innovative spirit and courage to do things. College students should not be satisfied with employment, but should have their own plans to start their own businesses. College students start their own businesses. It can be realized immediately after graduation or after a certain social accumulation. The key is to have accurate ideas and ideas, and to have a reasonable planning and positioning for yourself. It is necessary to cooperate with people with market experience, get rid of the consciousness of student companies, and carry out scientific professional management.
College students' self-employment has always been encouraged and supported by the party, the state and governments at all levels. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee regards improving the ability of independent innovation and accelerating the upgrading of industrial structure as an important development strategy. Emphasis is placed on comprehensively enhancing the ability of independent innovation, enhancing the ability to transform scientific and technological achievements, and improving the overall technical level of the industry. Is Hu Jintao at the party? Seventeenth National Congress? The report focuses on? Implement the development strategy of expanding employment and promote entrepreneurship to drive employment? Strategic thinking on encouraging college graduates to find jobs and start businesses. The State Council and governments at all levels have issued relevant policy documents for many times, providing preferential treatment for entrepreneurial college students in terms of tax reduction and exemption, loan guarantee, interest discount, guidance, training and service, and initially forming a relatively complete policy system. It has created a good policy environment for college students to take the road of entrepreneurship.