Kang Youwei was the leader of the Reform Movement of 1898, and an advanced person in China who sought truth from the west before the birth of China's * * * production party. There are many controversial issues about his political thought, economic thought and philosophical thought. Here are five controversial issues to review. The first question, which class is Kang Youwei's political representative? Some critics believe that the reform movement led by Kang Youwei reflects the interests of the upper class of the national bourgeoisie, which has just been transformed from bureaucrats, landlords and wealthy businessmen. Some critics believe that Kang Youwei "reflects the interests of the emerging bourgeoisie". Some people think that the Reform Movement of 1898 led by Kang Youwei reflects the demand of "people who are emerging and transforming into the bourgeoisie want to get rid of the old system and develop productive forces". The second question, what are the characteristics of Kang Youwei's early thoughts? Some critics believe that Confucian classics is the main theory of Kang Youwei's political reform thought. However, some commentators believe that Kang Youwei uses the body of Confucian classics, and evolution is the soul that makes his reform thoughts shine. Some scholars believe that Kang Youwei's early ideological system is composed of many levels: integrating western learning into China, confronting ancient Confucian classics with modern Confucian classics, enriching Confucianism with the thoughts of adherents in the late Ming Dynasty, rejecting Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism with Wang Lu Neo-Confucianism, and expanding Confucianism with Buddhism. The fourth question, is Kang Youwei a "retrogression" or a "betrayal" from advocating the establishment of the National Assembly and the Constitution to the establishment of an institutional bureau? One view is that Kang Youwei's behavior shows his serious political retrogression. Some commentators pointed out that "as soon as the reformists won the opportunity to get close to the emperor, they immediately put their political programs aside." The reason is that "succumbing to the pressure of the die-hards and fearing the chaos of' fools' is the fundamental reason for Kang Youwei's political retrogression", which is also closely related to Kang Youwei's "personal experience". Another view is that Kang Youwei's change from advocating the founding of the country to proposing the establishment of a system bureau does not mean that his political beliefs are abandoned or retrogressed, but a kind of strategic thinking. The establishment of a system bureau is neither a political retrogression nor a vacillation of Kang Youwei. It is more appropriate to call it the concretization of the policy agenda. Some scholars believe that the change of Kang Youwei's policy proposition is due to the change of his personal situation. Because he was favored and reused by the emperor, it is of course appropriate to set up an unelected institutional bureau. Some commentators believe that it is the political situation, not the personal circumstances of the reformists, that plays a decisive role in the evolution of Kang Youwei's political program. Others think that Kang Youwei's transformation is "reducing the utopian elements and increasing the pragmatic spirit". His plan to establish a system bureau is feasible and a "transitional form". In the era of writing, some commentators think that the discovery of the manuscript of Datong Book "makes us undoubtedly believe that it was written between 190 1~ 1902". Some critics think that Datong Book was written from 1884 to 1902, which can basically be listed as works before the Reform Movement of 1898. Others believe that Datong Book was written later, on the eve of its initial publication. Similarly, there are differences in the history circle about the ideological significance and historical evaluation of Kang Youwei's works. One view is that Datong Book has the dual nature of socialism and democracy, and it is the highest peak of Kang Youwei's political thought development. Another view is that the book of great harmony is reactionary in terms of its main tendency. The third view holds that "The Book of Great Harmony" expresses Kang Youwei's early anti-feudal bourgeois progressive thought in a utopian way. Its positive significance lies in "providing an illusory but beautiful prospect for the Reform Movement of 1898". At that time, a few intellectuals who came out of the feudal camp "even after reading some contents of Datong Book, they also aroused the courage to oppose feudalism".