Footnotes need hanging indent. This is a common format in academic papers and publications. Hanging indent means that except the first line, the first line of each paragraph is indented to the left by a certain distance, which makes the layout of the article more neat and beautiful, and can clearly distinguish footnotes from text. Specifically, the hanging indent of footnotes is usually relatively small, which can be set to the distance of 1-2 characters, making the contents of footnotes more compact and clear. If you need to refer to the format requirements of a specific academic paper or publication, it is suggested to consult the corresponding paper writing guide or publication guide directly to ensure that your manuscript meets the corresponding specification requirements.