Natural science, social science and technical science penetrate and intersect with each other, and through this intersection and infiltration, a number of marginal or comprehensive disciplines are formed, such as cybernetics, information theory, system theory, technical economics, technical aesthetics, mathematical linguistics, behavioral science and so on. The major topics formed by their mutual combination and infiltration are highly comprehensive and interdisciplinary, and the social and economic benefits generated by the solution of these topics are increasing significantly. This interdisciplinary research can not only improve the research efficiency, but also ensure the wide application of research results. Without the knowledge of natural science, we cannot meet the requirements of interdisciplinary development, let alone learn humanities and social sciences well.
Before18th century, natural science and philosophy were almost inseparable. Ancient Greek philosophers were also natural scientists. Famous natural scientists such as rene descartes, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and John Locke are also philosophers. Some people think that Aristotle was the founder of natural science, and galileo galilei is recognized as the first person to introduce experiments into natural science.
The fundamental purpose of natural science is to find the causes of natural phenomena. Natural science believes that supernatural, random and contradictory experiments do not exist. The two most important pillars of natural science are observation and logical reasoning. By observing nature and logical reasoning, natural science can guide the laws in nature. If the observed phenomenon is different from the prediction of the law, it is either because the observation is wrong or because the law that has been thought to be correct so far is wrong. Supernatural factors do not exist.
Natural science exists as a science and technology for human beings to conquer nature, because it has two attributes at the same time: first, it has the same function as social science and human art to promote social progress; Second, there is no conflict between interest groups in social reality, such as "rank", "rule", "class", "benefit distribution" and "human rights". Its unique characteristics determine that it always remains "neutral" and has no confrontation with social thoughts, social consciousness and social interests. It can maintain tacit understanding with any social system and any social form-at least it is often used by autocratic and dictatorial rulers-to maintain the so-called "great unity" of academics and ideas, to achieve ignorance and enslavement of the people, to prevent advanced social sciences and arts from opening up people's wisdom, and to deliberately exaggerate and sanctify natural sciences. In autocratic and dictatorial societies, there are often only natural sciences and social sciences and arts of autocratic dictators.
In fact, for the development of society, the existence of natural science and technology is not as important as many people understand. Compared with social science and art, the role of natural science and technology is obviously less important. The yardstick for judging a society is democracy and economy (promoting economy is an important function of science), but democracy comes first. If a society does not have revolutionary social science and art, then it can only be an unshakable "monolithic block", and the whole society will have no vitality, let alone any progress in democracy and freedom. In such a society, even the development of natural science itself is bound to be restricted by the system-it is not that development is not prohibited, but that there are no good external conditions for development-even if it is developed, it is difficult to be used. Therefore, the development of society is definitely not driven by the development of natural science. On the contrary, only the pioneering and dynamic development of social science and art can fundamentally promote the progress in all fields of society, including natural science.
Natural science, like humanities and arts, has the function of opening up the concealment of language, that is, it has the function of making things or phenomena clear, available, regular and visualized, and transforming them from reality to existence. The difficulty of science and the alienation of art are all caused by the audience's unfamiliarity with the traditional meaning of language.
The role of natural science and technology is not necessarily benign, but true to human nature. When talking about existence, we must discuss the function and significance of existence from the perspective of human beings and the vast majority of human beings. This is the most basic and fundamental premise. Without this premise, any existence will have no positive significance. We can see that natural science sometimes goes against human will, squeezing and destroying human living space. Although we can't enslave people's minds and make them slaves of a certain system or a certain group like reactionary and decadent social science and art, we can make people slaves of machines. The existence of natural science that human beings need is by no means such a thing.
Few natural scientists care about human existence, human feelings, hearts and spirits as humanists and artists do. This is a natural limitation of natural science. However, natural scientists should at least have a certain spirit of being responsible for mankind and the future, and should have a certain sense of anxiety about the future of mankind. This is also the natural responsibility that natural scientists should bear. Unfortunately, many natural scientists have only become scientific research tools for politics and domination. They not only don't speak for the disadvantaged groups in society, but also don't study or do more natural principles and methods that are beneficial to the development of all mankind and improve the labor intensity of low-status and overwhelmed workers. They also use their intelligence to create some weapons, tools and equipment, such as nuclear missiles, tear gas and other so-called military products, to destroy people's will and even their lives and help suppress people's power. As we all know, in Hitler's era, many scientific and technological personnel became tools for him and his ruling group to persecute people all over the world. In fact, throughout ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, have such scientists and such scientific and technological tools of political rule ever stopped? People often think that social scientists and literary artists are easy to collude with the political power, but they have a wrong understanding of natural scientists and are easy to increase their reverence. Really speaking, there are very few natural scientists who have a conscience and a purpose, and have lofty ideals for the development of the whole mankind, and of course they are far less than social scientists and artists. More natural scientists either stand on the opposite side of human beings and become reactionary scientists, or they are bookworm scientists who don't care about society and machine scientists who have no spirituality and temperament.
The function of natural science, technology and culture is nothing more than the explanation of the language form of things. The misunderstanding of science and technology culture has caused the essential pseudo-language destruction to the language form of things, making the language form of things become the "other form" in the pseudo-language conjecture system. The so-called civilization composed of natural technology and culture, to a certain extent, in the "machine discourse" of socialized mass production supported by natural science and technology, has been alienated into the existence of "other things" of cultural technology, and people have become "one-sided people" with material desires, from the real reality of free language to the infinite desire for things, mental degradation and even loss. Man becomes a materialized machine against himself.
Development and application of 2010-1-29 21:22 nanomaterials [2009-03-1615: 46] Abstract: Nano-coatings can absorb and eliminate formaldehyde. The killing rate of various molds is over 99%, and it has long-term anti-mildew and anti-algae effects. Nano-modified interior wall paint is actually an advanced sanitary paint, which is suitable for painting in families, hospitals, hotels and schools. Nano-modified exterior wall coatings have low surface tension and high adhesion by using the double hydrophobic mechanism of lotus leaves coordinated by nano-binary. At present, the application of nano-materials to modify coatings is still in the primary stage, and the technology and process are not mature enough, which needs to be explored and improved. However, some improved test results of various properties of coatings are enough to prove that the prospect of nano-modified coatings is very good.
Keywords: application of nano-materials
A brief history of nanometer development
1959, Richard, a famous scientist and Nobel Prize winner. Feynman predicted that humans can make smaller machines with smaller machines, and finally realize the arrangement of atoms one by one, and make products according to human wishes. This is the earliest dream about nanotechnology.
199 1 year, American scientists successfully synthesized carbon nanotubes, and found that their mass was only 1/6 that of steel with the same volume, but their strength was 10 times that of steel, so they were called super fibers. The discovery of this nano-material marks that human exploration of material properties has reached a new height. From 65438 to 0999, the annual turnover of nano-products reached 50 billion dollars.
What is nanomaterial?
Nanometer (nm) is the unit of length, and 1 nm is 10-9 m (one billionth of a meter). For macroscopic matter, nanometer is a very small unit. It is not as good as the diameter of human hair is generally 7000-8000nm, the diameter of human red blood cells is generally 3000-5000nm, and the diameter of viruses is also available. For atoms, molecules and other micro-substances, it used to be represented by angstroms. 1 angstrom is equivalent to 1 the diameter of each hydrogen atom, and 1 nanometer is 10 angstrom.
It is generally believed that nano-materials should include two basic conditions: one is that the characteristic size of the material is between 1- 100nm, and the other is that the material has some special physical and chemical characteristics different from those of conventional materials.
1, application of nanotechnology in anticorrosion
A seminar on non-toxic and efficient antirust pigments and their application in anti-corrosive coatings jointly organized by Canada Wanda Technology (Wuxi) Co., Ltd. and National Coatings Information Center was held in Wuxi recently.
Academician of China Academy of Engineering, Professor Xu from Academy of Armored Forces Engineering, Professor Li Guolai from Shanghai University, and Chief Engineer Qian Borong from Sinochem Changzhou Institute of Coatings and Chemical Industry spoke at the meeting respectively. Participants discussed the application of nanotechnology in antirust pigments and coatings, the application of nontoxic and efficient antirust pigments in anticorrosive coatings, and the development of new antirust coatings and antirust testing methods.
Academician Xu briefly introduced the current development of nanotechnology. He pointed out that the research of nanotechnology plays a vital role in the development of mankind and the progress of the world. Whoever has mastered nanotechnology will be at the forefront of the world. The research of nanotechnology in China started earlier, and now it can basically keep pace with the world, and even surpass the same industry in some fields.
As a leader in the field of surface treatment in China, Academician Xu focused on the role of nanotechnology in promoting the development of antirust pigments and coatings. He said that before this, the overall development level of rust-proof pigments in China lagged behind that in western developed countries, and traditional rust-proof pigments such as red lead, chromate, iron-based pigments and zinc phosphate were still the main ones. Because of the serious pollution and great harm to human body, red lead has been eliminated and banned in many countries. Although zinc phosphate antirust pigment is non-toxic, due to the modification technology, its performance is not ideal, and it is expensive and difficult to popularize. However, aluminum tripolyphosphate has not been widely used because of its price. Halox, Sherwin-williams, Mineralpigments of the United States, Hrubach of Germany, SNCZ of France, BritishPetroleum of Britain, Imperial Chemical Company of Japan and other companies have all introduced a series of non-toxic antirust pigments, some of which have good performance and can even be compared with chromate, but they have not been introduced in China because of their high price. China's antirust paint industry urgently needs a kind of nontoxic and harmless antirust pigment with excellent performance and low price, so as to improve the overall level of antirust paint products and enhance the international competitiveness of the industry.
On behalf of Changzhou Institute of Coatings and Chemical Industry, Shen, a senior engineer of Sinochem, introduced in detail the production process, matters needing attention and technical indicators of composite iron-titanium alkyd antirust paint and composite iron-titanium epoxy antirust paint in the report entitled "Application of nontoxic and efficient antirust pigments in anticorrosive coatings", and compared the main properties with those of iron red and red lead antirust paints.
Today, when the price of red lead is rising all the way, this information undoubtedly provides great reference value for paint manufacturers. The atmosphere at the meeting was very warm, and the participants raised various questions. Mr. Li Jiaquan, chief engineer of Wanda Technology (Wuxi) Co., Ltd., introduced in detail the antirust mechanism, production technology, selection of carrier powder, various performance indexes of products and pretreatment methods of nano-materials.
At present, the products have passed the analysis and testing of many authoritative institutions in China, such as National Paint Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Vehicle Testing Station of Product Quality Supervision Center of Ministry of Railways, Wuhan Institute of Material Protection of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the technical analysis of foreign authoritative institutions such as National Paint Information Center of Canada. The results show that it has unparalleled antirust performance and environmental protection advantages of similar products at home and abroad, and is an epoch-making product in the field of antirust coatings. Therefore, it won the gold medal of China Patent Technology Expo. Composite ferrotitanium powder and its antirust paint have been applied to many industrial fields after being appraised by national authoritative organizations, and have been widely used in some equipment of the whole army as a key project of the General Armament Department of the People's Liberation Army.
The successful convening of this conference marks the beginning of a new round of reform in China's antirust coatings industry, and opens a new page for the development of antirust coatings in China in the direction of high quality, high technology content, high efficiency and full environmental protection. Its benefits and benefits are immeasurable. This is the beginning of the new anti-rust pigments declaring war on the traditional anti-rust pigments, and it also blows the horn of China anti-rust coatings industry to launch an impact on the high-end anti-rust coatings market.
2. The application prospect of nano-materials in coatings is predicted.
It is estimated that the global annual output value of nanotechnology has reached $50 billion. At present, governments and large enterprises in developed countries have launched research plans to develop nanotechnology and nano-plans. The United States regards nanotechnology as the core of the next industrial revolution. At the beginning of 200 1, nanotechnology was listed as a national strategic goal. In the basic research of nanotechnology, it has increased from 1 100 million dollars in 1997 to nearly 500 million dollars in 200 1 year, and it is ready to take the lead in this field like micro-technology. Japan has also set up a center for nanomaterials, which has included nanotechnology in the research and development focus of the new five-year basic plan for science and technology, and listed new material technology represented by nanotechnology as four key development areas, along with life science, information and protection. In Germany, nano-materials have also been included in the strategic field of scientific research in the 2 1 century, and 19 institutions across the country have established nanotechnology research networks. With mankind entering the 2 1 century, the development of nanotechnology will make greater contributions to the development of society, the improvement of living environment and the protection of human health. In a sense, 2 1 century will be a nanometer century.
Due to the wide application of surface nanotechnology, short industrialization cycle and high added value, the high-tech and high-tech products formed and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and products have excellent industrialization market prospects. In terms of nano-functional and structural materials, we should make full use of the unusual optical, electrical, magnetic, mechanical, sensitive, catalytic and chemical characteristics of nano-materials, develop new high-tech products and modify traditional materials; Focus on breaking through the key technologies, detection technologies and characterization technologies of industrialization of various nano-functional and structural materials. Multifunctional nano-composite materials and high-performance nano-cemented carbide provide broad opportunities for the leap-forward development of chemical industry, building materials, light industry, metallurgy and other industries. It is predicted that during the tenth five-year plan period, the industrialization of various nano-materials may form a number of large enterprises or enterprise groups, which will have an important impact on the national economy; The application of nanotechnology has gradually penetrated into various fields involving the national economy and people's livelihood, which will produce new economic growth points.
The application and development of nanotechnology in coatings industry has promoted the upgrading of coatings and created a breakthrough new era in which coatings have become truly green products.
China's annual housing completion area is about/kloc-0.8 billion square meters, with an annual growth rate of about 3%. If 654.38+08 billion square meters are all decorated with architectural coatings, the total demand for architectural coatings is nearly 3 million tons, about 20-30 billion yuan. At present, the annual output of architectural coatings in China is only over 600,000 tons, and now the annual output of coatings in the world is 25 million tons, and each person consumes 4 kilograms a year, which is110 of developed countries. The average annual consumption of coatings in China is only 1.5 kg. Therefore, architectural coatings have a very broad development prospect.
Nano-coating is recognized as a special product for the construction project of Beijing Olympic Village, which shows the application value of the coating in the construction field. It uses unique photocatalytic technology to decompose and eliminate toxic gases in the air. It can absorb and eliminate harmful gases such as formaldehyde and ammonia, and make the indoor air fresher. After testing, the killing rate of various molds is over 99%, and it has long-term anti-mildew and anti-algae effects. Nano-modified interior wall paint is actually an advanced sanitary paint, which is suitable for painting in families, hospitals, hotels and schools. Nano-modified exterior wall coatings have the advantages of low surface tension, strong adhesion, high film hardness, good toughness, excellent self-cleaning function, strong dust and dirt adhesion resistance, excellent hydrophobicity and easy cleaning of dirt. The washability is more than 15000 times, with good light and color retention and strong ultraviolet resistance. Service life exceeds 15 years. Small particle size, can penetrate into the wall, react with silicate substances on the wall to make it firmly combined, strong adhesion, no peeling, no shedding, anti-aging Its nano-antifreezing coating not only has various excellent properties of nano-coating, but also can be used normally at-10℃ to -25℃. It breaks through the requirement that the wall humidity of building coatings should be below 10%, shortens the construction period, improves efficiency and creates high quality, so it is welcomed by construction units.
At present, the application of nano-materials to modify coatings is still in the primary stage, and the technology and process are not mature enough, which needs to be explored and improved. However, some improved test results of various properties of coatings prove that the market prospect of nano-modified coatings is very good.